XX高中英语语法大全非谓语动词用法比较

XX高中英语语法大全非谓语动词用法比较 一、不定式与动名词作主语时的比较 不定式和动名词在作主语时常常可以互换： Crying/To cry will not help you out of difficulty 但是要注意以下的几点： 1. 动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作，而不定式作主语通常表示抽象动作，而不定式做主 语通常表示具体动作。试比较： Living in Beijing must be wonderful.(泛指行为) He realized that to live with her any longer was wrong (具体行为) 2. 当主语被否定时，通常用不定式： Not to have hope is the poorest of all conditions 3. 在It is important/necessary的结构中，主语只能用不定式，不用动名词： It is important to grasp the spirit of a foreign language in order to use it feely. It became necessary to build new factories for products never before produced 4. 在It takes+时间等+。的结构中，主语常用不定式： How much cloth will it take to make a shirt? 5. 在There is no 和It is no good 结构中，通常用动名词 二、不定式与动名词作表语时的比较 不定式和动名词在作表语时常常可以互换： His job is bringing/to bring milk every day 但是，当不定式作主语时，表语用不定式;动名词作主语时，表语也用动名词。 To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. 此外，还应注意以下两点： 1. 主语是it，this，that等指示代词时，表语通常用动名词： That was playing with fire. 2. 主语是名词时，表语较短时通常用动名词，表语较长时通常用不定式： My favorite sport is swimming. What I like is to swim in the sea and then to lie on the sand 三、不定式与动名词作宾语时的比较 1. 接不定式或动名词作宾语意义区别不大的动词常见的有：begin，start，continue，love， like，propose等： Almost all the boys like to play/playing football . 但以上的动词中有一部分在下列情况下通常用不定式作宾语： 1) 在would like/love/hate等的后面： Id like(love)to have a drink. Im starting to talk about it. 3) 当begin后接某些感觉或状态动词时： She began to see what he meant. 2. 接不定式或动名词作宾语，意义不同的动词或词组常见的有： 1) remember/forget/regret+doing或to do sth I must remember to ask him (指记住要做的事) I shall always remember seeing the famous scientist (指记住己经发生过的事) Dont forget to bring your dictionary.(不要忘记要做的事) I will never forget meeting you here (不会忘记曾发生过的事) I regret telling you so much (懊悔己经作过的事=Im sorry told you so much。) I regret to tell you that you have failed your exam(regret发生在to tell之前，=Im sorry to tell you) 可见，上述用法中，动名词指己经发生的事，不定式指发生在renumber, forget或 regret以后的事。要注意：可以用动名词的完成式替代一般式;通常不用*I forgot doing it 而说：I forgot that I had done it 或I forgot about doing it. 2) stop/go on/leave of+doing或to do sth. They stopped smoking (停止吸烟) They stopped to smoke (停下所做的事，开始吸烟) He went on reading (继续读) He went on to read.(放下原来做的事，转而读书) He left off playing tennis (停止打网球) They left off to play tennis (离开某处去打网球) 以上stop，leave off或go on后面的不定式都不是其宾语，而是作目的状语。 3) try+to do或doing sth. Hell try to finish the work as soon as possible. Please try putting some more salt- that might make it taste a bit better. try to do sth.中，try是不及物动词，意思是“没法、努力、尽力”，to do sth作目的 状语;try doing sth中，try是及物动词，意思是“尝试、试一试”，看会发生什么情 2) 当这部分动词是进行时态时： 况，动名词作宾语。 4) mean+to do/doing sth. 接不定式时，意思是“有?的意图、打算。 I meant to telephone you last Friday but I didnt have time to. 接动名词时，意为“意味着”，“就是? This kind of illness means going to hospital. 接动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，此处也能用不定式的被动形式代换，但用动名词较为常见： The room wants repairing ( = to be repaired) The radio needs fixing ( = to be fixed) 6) be afraid+to do sth。或of doing sth. 接带to的不定式时，意为“不敢”做某事，“害怕”做某事： She was afraid to see you again. 接“of+动名词”时，意为“担心”或“害怕”发生某种情况： 5) need/want/require+doing(=to be done)。 Im afraid of making mistakes when I speak English. 7) be interested+to do sth。/in doing sth。 My sister is interested in being a doctor. (指她想当医生，动名词表示将要发生的事。) My sister is interested to be a doctor。 (指她当医生后感到有意思，不定式表示已经发生的事。) 3. 除了一部分既可接不定式、也可按动名词作宾语的动词外，还有一部分动词后面只能接 不定式作宾语;另有一部分动词和成语后只能接动名词作宾语。关于这两点可以参看前面讲到的不定式和动名词条款。 四、to be done，being done或done(作定语) 不定式被动式、现在分词一般被动式与过去分词作定语时，存在时间关系上的区别。例如： The power station to be built next year will be of great benefit to the industry and agriculture of our Province.(to be built指将来 =which will be bui1t) The power station being built now will be one of the largest in Asia.(being built=which is being built. The power station built on the river last year has been left to our management.(built on the river指己完成 = which was bui1t on the river ) 五、不定式和分词作宾语补足语时的比较 1. 在see，hear，find等一类表示感觉的动词后： 1) 不带to不定式作宾语补足语，表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，并强调动作 发生的全过程或事实： We saw the puter operate well 2) 现在分词作宾语补足语，表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，强调正在进行： We saw the puter operating very well 3) 过去分词则往往表示动作完成的状态： We found the work of the