高二英语Unit 9 Saving the earth人教版知识精讲

高二英语Unit 9 Saving the earth人教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Unit 9 Saving the earth（一）重点单词（二）重点短语（三）重点句型二、知识精讲：（一）重点单词1. attend vt. /vi. 参加；出席；到场；照料；处理；接待She attends school by bike. 她骑车上学。Did you attend church last week? 你上周去做礼拜了吗？注意：attend 作“参加，出席，到场”讲时，侧重于官方组织的群众性集体活动，可用于被动结构，而attend school表示“上课（学）”。attend 表“照顾，照料”讲时，常用于下列短语中：attend( on) “照料，服务”，常用于对病人的照顾、护理。attend to “伺候， 照料”，多指照顾小孩、 顾客、 体弱者。If you go out , who will attend to the baby?如果你出去， 谁来照顾孩子？2. content 1) n. 内容； 目录（多用复数）；容量例：She hadnt read the letter, so she was unaware of its contents.她没有看那封信，所以不知道信的内容。2) adj. 知足的； 满足的； 愉快的 。构成短语：be content with sth.对满足/满意; be content to do sth.满意做某事， 乐意做某事The old man is content with his present life.这位老人对现状很满足。3. stress n. C, 作 “重音，重读”讲；nU作“压力， 紧张，强调， 重视 ”讲， 同pressure 。常用短语lay /place /put stress on /upon 意为“把重点放在上，在上用力”。It is important to know where to place the stress.知道什么地方要重读是很重要的。He stole some bread under the stress of hunger.他为饥饿所迫偷了一些面包。stress vt. 着重；强调；重读，后接名词、代词或从句。例：He stressed that we should have sense of time .他强调说， 我们应该有时间观念。4. responsibility n. 责任；职责；义务；负责；责任心常用词组：have /take a responsibility to sb. for sth. 为某事而对某人负责/ 有责任 have a responsibility to do sth. 有义务干某事 on ones responsibility 某人负责例：I did it on my own responsibility . 我做的事我负责。No one has claimed to have /take a responsibility for the bombing.没有人声称对爆炸事件负责。注意： responsible adj. 负责的，有责任的；responsibly adv. 认真负责地，可信赖地例：As a headmaster , he must be responsible for the development of the school. 作为校长， 他必须要对学校的发展负责。即学即练：1. Now that you are 13,you should have more sense of_.A. response B. responsible C. responsibility D. respond2. The doctor said that he couldnt _the meeting because he had to_a patient.A. came to; attend to B. attend; attendC. join, treat D. attend on, look after3. _should be_on the prevention of disease.A. Energy, put B. Importance; givenC. Stress; laid D. Pressure; placed5. harmony n. U /C 和谐；和睦；协调常用词组为 in harmony 和谐、和睦；in harmony with 与协调/ 一致。The harmony of sea and sky makes a beautiful picture.大海和天空的和谐构成了一幅美妙的图画。We lived in perfect harmony. 我们生活得非常和睦。6. alternative n. 两者取其一，可供选择的办法 /方案常见短语：no alternative but. 只好例：He had the alternative of coming with us or staying at home.他有两种选择, 一是跟我们来，一是待在家里。She had no alternative but to attend. 她别无选择只好参加 。There was no alternative but to dig down. 没有别的办法， 只好往下挖。alternative adj. 两者（或若干）中择其一的； 供选择的We have alternative plans if it rains on the day of the picnic.如果野餐那天下雨我们还有另一个计划。7. defend vt. 防卫； 为辩护/答辩常用词组：defend sb. /sth. from. 保护某人/某物免遭; defend sb. /sth. against. 保卫，防御例：The wall was built to defend the road from being washed.修建围墙的目的是为了保护路面不被冲坏。Their duty is to defend the country against its enemies.他们的职责就是保护国家不受外敌的侵扰。辨析：defend 着重强调用武力抵御攻击和侵害；guard 强调通过看守警戒，以确保安全。protect 指采取一定措施，使用某些器具以保护人或物免遭损害，适用范围广泛。8. 1）affect vt. 影响（常用来表示一般的影响，但多指不好的影响）；感动、感伤例：He was deeply affected by the news of his fathers death.他父亲去世的消息使他深受震动。The noise from the street affected our work.街上的噪音影响了我们的工作。The amount of rain affects the growth of crops. 雨量影响作物的生长。2）effect n. 影响、效果 常用于词组: have an effect on. =affect.vt. 实现、产生例：Government policy will not affect us. = Government policy will have no effect on us. 政府的政策对我们没有影响。Smoking affects health. 吸烟影响健康。即学即练：1. The manager said that they had an_plan if the plan they had submitted(提交) was not accepted.A. alternate B. alternative C. absolute D. unacceptable2. Winter coming, farmers_ young plants from cold by covering them with hay.A. defend B. protect C. guard D. prevent3. The young lawyer became famous throughout the city after her successful_ at the court.A. defense B. speech C. argument D. fight（二）重点短语1. According to the World Health Organization, the big three cause more than seven million deaths every year.1）more than 多于、超过（后多接表示数量的词）；More than 500 people were killed in the accident.500多人在这次事故中丧生。2）不仅仅（修饰名词）；She is more than a teacher to the children. She loves them as if they were her own children.对孩子们来说，她不只是一位老师。她爱孩子们，就像他们是她自己的孩子一样。3）很、非常（修饰形容词）；Her performance was more than good, it was perfect.她的表演很好， 可以说是完美。4）more. than. 意为“与其 不如 ”后要求接形容词或副词的原形、名词或介词短语，在意义上进行对比; He is more my friend than my teacher. 与其说他是我的老师，倒不如说他是我的朋友。He is more brave than wise. 他有勇无谋。5)no more than 意为“仅仅、只不过”There is no need to take it too seriously, it is no more than a common cell phone.这只不过是一个普通手机，没有必要太过认真。2. 20% of the people on earth dont have the access to the clean drinking water.on earth 在世界上；究竟、到底（常用于否定词或疑问词how, why, what, where, when, who 等之后，以加强语气。）常用短语on the earth 在地球上；in the earth 在地里，在地下。例：Im the luckiest man on earth. 我是世界上最幸运的人。When on earth did you come?你究竟是什么时候来的？He didnt know how on earth to answer.他不知道究竟如何回答。access 1) “接近，进入，通路 ”常与动词gain连用，构成短语gain access to sb. /sth. 得以接近/进入/会见。Its difficult to gain access to him.要接近他很难。2)have access to “能接近（接触或使用）”I have access to his library.我可以自由使用他的图书馆。3) accessible adj. 可接近的，容易获得的，有资格的The goal was to make adult education more accessible.目的是让成人教育更容易获得。3. Conferences like the Earth Summit help people understand that there exist serious problems and that there is still time to take action.take action 采取行动 常用结构：take action（on）sth. / in doing/ to do sth. 采取行动做某事注意: take measures to do sth. /take steps to do sth. 也可表示“采取措施做某事”但action是单数形式。I didnt take immediate action .我没有立即采取行动。We should take action on the selfish .我们应对这种自私的行为采取措施。We must take action in destroying the pest.我们必须动手消灭害虫。Action must be taken to prevent pollution.必须采取行动来制止污染。4. put an end to 结束； 使终止相关词组：bring. to an end 使结束；come to an end自动结束；终于结束（无被动语态）The government declared that it would put an end to some unfair policies the next month.政府宣布下个月将要终止一些不合理的政策。We must put an end to this foolish behavior.我们必须制止这种愚蠢的行为。5. wipe out 抹去， 除去， 消灭Could you wipe the basin out? 把洗脸盆里面擦干净好吗？Doctors are searching for a cure that will wipe out cancer.医生们正在寻找一种消灭癌症的治疗方法。He tried to wipe out the memory of his former girlfriend.他试图抹去对前任女友的回忆。课文中的其他短语：6. have effect on对有影响7. make much/great progress取得很大进步8. be representative of代表9. share ideas about就交换意见10. stay warm取暖11. rural/urban areas农村/城市地区即学即练：1. In 1861 Lincoln, by starting the Civil War, _the slavery. That is, the slavery _in 1861.A. put an end; came to end B. came to an end; put an end toC. brought to an end; came an end to D. put an end to; came to an end2. According to the recent research, heavy coffee drinking and heart attack are necessary cause and_.A. affect B. affection C. effect D. infect3. Feeling _with the final result, the girl smiled_.A. content; content B. contented; contentedC. content; contentedly D. contented; contentedly（三）重点句型剖析1. If we are to develop the world successfully, we must make sure that everyone is able to take part in the new world we create.如果我们要成功地开发世界， 就必须确保人人都能够参与我们创造的新世界。be to do sth. 此结构常用来表示可能性、命中注定；义务、目的、用途或者安排、命令、职责等They were never to meet again. 他们注定以后再也不见面了。You are to be back by 10 oclock . 你要在十点以前回来。The house is to be rented or sold. 这房子出售或出租。A knife is to cut with . 刀是用来切割的。We are to meet at the school gate. 我们约好在校门口见面。You are to do your homework before you watch TV. 你得做完了作业才能看电视。2. All too often, global development means that rich people get richer while the poor get poorer.全球的发展往往意味着富人更富而穷人更穷。1）all too意为“ 实在太 ”， 常用来修饰形容词和副词。例：The holidays were all too short. 假期真是太短了。All too often, development means that everyone can get full development.人们常常提到， 发展就是每个人都能得到全面的发展。2）while 作 “而 ， 然而”讲时，强调两者的对比关系， 引导的是并列句；不是时间状语从句。例：He is tall, while his brother is short.他个子高，而他的弟弟却矮。I like tea while he likes coffee. 我喜欢茶而他喜欢咖啡。He wondered that hens could hatch while he couldnt.他感到纳闷母鸡能孵小鸡， 而他却不能。while引导时间状语从句“当时候”、 引导让步状语从句“尽管”、 引导条件等状语从句“只要”While I was sleeping , a thief slipped into the house.在我睡觉时一个小偷溜进了屋。She can be extremely difficult to work with , while she is a beautiful girl.尽管她是一个很漂亮的姑娘， 但却很难共事。While there is life , there is hope. 只要有生命，就有希望。3. And if poverty is less of a problem and people are better educated, there is a good chance that we will see less violence and fewer wars.there is a chance that. 意为“有可能会”其中chance 是可数名词，作 “可能； 可能性”解。例：There is a chance that the sick child will get well.这小孩的病有可能好转起来。There is a good chance that our team will win the game.我们队很可能会赢得这场比赛。同类短语有：There is a possibility that很可能（表示客观存在的可能性）There is no doubt that无可置疑4. Among the speakers was Chinas then Premier Zhu Rongji, who stressed the need for equality and fairness in the world.5. There exist serious problems and there is still time to take action.6. Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation.7. Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.8. Had I known that air conditioners cause so much pollution, I would never have bought one.即学即练：1. The door _locked.A. is to B. be to C. is to be D. should2. _most children learn to read easily, some need extra help.A. When B. As C. While D. Although3. If you have the _to go abroad to work, you should take it.A. possibility B. offer C. luck D. chanceUnit 10预习导学(一) 词汇扫描根据句意及各题括号中所给的汉语意思，从下面选择合适的单词, 用其适当形式填空。draw sight at and courage flee urge arrivalcalm down bath immediately fresh rise1. The_(看到) of the sea made him feel calmer.2. The soldier showed great _(勇气)in the battle.3. Im going upstairs to take a hot_(洗澡)4. The little boy cried_(一就)he saw his brother.5. Just_(沉着)a bit and everything will be all right.6. The air is_(新鲜)in the country.7. The population of the city has_(上升)to five million.8. The _(到达)time of the train was delayed.9. Everyone present _(催促)Jessica to open the gift.10. I havent my book _(在手边),but I will show it to you later.11. The teacher_(吸引)our attention to what he said.12. They _(逃跑)back to the village.（二）句型聚焦观察下面句子的划线部分，试着归纳其所包含的句型结构。1. It seemed as if he really did so._.2. He looked more asleep than dead._.3. For it is one thing to write a letter, another to write history._.（三）语法平台观察下列句子里的划线部分，指出其语法功能。1. Upon arrival, my uncle hugged Pompy and tried to give him courage._.2. Then came a smell of sulphur, and then flames._.3. Dont bathe if you dont want to._.4. I dont visit my parents as much as I want to._.5. Havent seen you for ages._.【模拟试题】（答题时间：45分钟）*（一）完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-20各题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Is the world really going mad?_1_day I was sitting in a restaurant _2_a quick drink and a talk with a few friends when it suddenly_3_me that almost everyone in the restaurant was smoking. It wasnt long_4_the whole room was_5_with smoke. I asked with an apology for _6_to open the window to stop myself_7_!Nowadays air pollution is something that we hardly question any more. I still cant walk down the street in any of the big cities without _8_that people are_9_from the air pollution. Its time for the government department of the world to introduce emission(废气排出) controls on all cars and_10_the public transport system(公共交通体系) to encourage people to_11_their cars at home. A friend of mine takes flying lessons each morning and it really makes him_12_when he climbs above the smog layer(烟雾)and looks down _13_it and thinks: “Im breathing that!” This kind of _14_results from the bad management of resources. Waste things can _15_should,be treated properly. House building, road_16_and industrial development are all earthmoving (or earth reducing)operations and can change the balance of_17_created over millions of years. I would like to_18_serious studies done on all these main works before they are built. Also, there should be_19_national parks set up to keep the most beautiful parts of our countries in their natural_20_.1. A. The other B. Another C. Every D. Each2. A. asking for B. drinking C. having D. buying3. A. seemed B. struck C. sank D. showed4. A. ago B. after C. before D. now5. A. full B. filled C. crowed D. parked6. A. promise B. help C. suggestion D. permission7. A. standing B. sitting C. talking D. dying8. A. thinking B. persuading C. deciding D. learning9. A. suffering B. dying C. walking D. standing10. A. increase B. reduce C. improve D. raise11. A. wash B. repair C. drive D. leave12. A. sick B. tired C. foolish D. excited13. A. on B. at C. from D. for14. A. discussion B. question C. pollution D. operation15. A. but B. yet C. still D. and16. A. work B. construction C. building D. setting17. A. life B. mind C. human being D. plans18. A. see B. start C. enjoy D. pay19. A. few B. any C. more D. no20. A. situation B. states C. soils D. places（二）阅读理解：阅读下列短文，从文后给出的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AMost people dont know the true story of the little boy who came to be known as Douglas Craig. He was found wandering around the streets of Washington D.C.He could not hear or speak. Sometimes people pitied him and gave him food and clothing. If not, he ate what he could find in garbage cans.Its said that a man named Craig found the little boy and took him to Dr.E.M. Gallaudet College. Dr Gallaudet gave him the first name of Douglas, and the name of Craig, after the man who found him.Dr Gallaudet placed Douglas in the Kendall School, and he stayed there until he was old enough to work. He spent his life working in and around the halls of Gallaudet.Once he courted(求爱)a black woman from Baltimore. Since his courtship required letterwriting ,and he was illiterate, he had a student in collage act as his “private secretary”. Though that relationship did not work out, he did finally marry. Later, he married a black deaf woman from Washington D.C. The wedding and reception took place in a church near the collage.The happy couple went to Baltimore for a honeymoon, but the honeymoon lasted only for one day. Their plans were cut short when Douglass pocketbook containing about $300 was either lost or stolen.Douglas never got very far from Washington D.C., and Gallaudet College was his world. He went to Norfolk, Virginia, once on a vacation, but he didnt know what a vacation was. He spent the entire time working around the docks of Norfolk. He came home with a pocket of money, and told everyone that he had a fine vacation.Douglass last public duty was to raise the flag to the top of the new flagpole in front of CollegeHall. He died on February 11 ,1936,but left a story at Gallaudet that would live forever.1. Whats the topic of the passage?A. Craigs working place B. Craigs friendsC. Craigs life D. Craigs duty2. The underlined word “illiterate” in the fourth paragraph means “_”.A. afraid B. too busy C. unable to read or write D. lazy3. We can infer from the sixth paragraph that_.A. Craig knew what the word “vacation” meantB. Craig didnt stop working even on vacationC. Craig heard vacations and he never had vacationsD. Craig never took time off from workBAbout a year ago, a couple with three children moved into the department next door to mine. I never heard any noise from the children, but the parents were always yelling at the kids.We often met in the hallway when we were coming or going. I always spoke, but the only answer I got was a “Hello” from the fouryearold girl.One afternoon when I returned, they were just coming out of their apartment and the little girl was holding the door open for others. I remained in the car doing unnecessary things. But when I looked up I saw the little girl was still holding the door open, waiting for me. I hurried as much as I could and thanked her.I was really touched by her act of kindness. That afternoon I was at the K-Mart and I bought a white Teddy bear for her. The next day, there was a knock on the door and it was the little girl and her father. She was very proud of the little bear and thanked me like I had never been thanked before.Now when we meet in the hall, we all speak in a friendly manner. As time passes, I dont hear that yelling as often as before.Last night, we had about four inches of snow. I looked out at my car and wondered how I was going to keep my doctors appointment, I went out to remove the snow. But when I opened my front door, I found my car was there with all the snow removed. You dont imagine how I felt at that moment. I thanked that family in my heart. Isnt it amazing that a small king act of a fouryearold girl could change so many things for the better? My guardian angel says that good things come from small acts.4. Why did the writer hurry as much as he could in the third paragraph?A. Because he didnt want the little girl to wait too long.B. Because he thought of something very important.C. Because he had a very important appointment.D. Because he was afraid the little girls parents would yell at him.5. Which of the following i