Billiards台球英文介绍

,Differentpoolsplayedwith15redballsand6ballsofcolorsotherthanred,inwhichaplayermustshootoneoftheredballs,eachwithapointvalueof1,intoapocketbeforeshootingatoneoftheotherballs,withpointvaluesoffrom2-7.,Guess,Snooker,Billiards,TypeofGame,InternationalorEnglishsnookeristhemostwidelyplayedformofsnookeraroundtheworld.Itisgenerallyplayedon350cmx175cmEnglishbilliardtables,withcushionsthataremorenarrowthanonpocketbilliardtablesandwhichcurvesmoothlyintothepocketopenings.252cmx140cmandsnookertablesofevensmallerplayingdimensionsmaybeusedforthegame.Theheightofthetableismeasuredfromthefloortothetopofthecushionrail,andtheheightshallmeasure85cmwithanallowablevarianceof+/-0.2cm.,BallsUsed,SetofSnookerballs:fifteenobjectballsintotal,includingninethatarenotnumberedandaresolidred(calledreds)andsixobjectballsofothercolorsthatarenotnumbered(calledcolors)andacueball(calledthewhiteball).Pointvaluesforobjectballs:red-1,yellow-2,green-3,brown-4,blue-5,pink-6,black-7.InInternationalSnookertheballsusedare5.25cmdiameter.,TheRack,Playbeginswiththeballsplacedasinthepicturebelow.ThepinkisspottedonthePyramidSpot.Theapexballofthetriangleofredsisrackedascloseaspossibletothepinkwithouttouchingit.,Baulk-lineandBaulk,Astraightlinedrawn29fromthefaceofthebottomcushionandparalleltoitiscalledtheBaulk-lineandtheinterveningspacetermedtheBaulk.,TheHalfCircle,TheHalfCircleisasemi-circledescribedinBaulkwithitscenteratthemiddleoftheBaulk-lineandwitharadiusof11.5.WhenthestrikerhascueballinhandwithintheHalfCirclehemayplacethebaseofthecueballanywhereonthelineorwithintheHalfCircle,andmayusehishandoranypartofhiscuetopositionthecueball-aslongasitisjudgedheisnotattemptingtoplayastroke.,ObjectoftheGame,Toscoreagreaternumberofpointsthanopponent.,Scoring,Pointsarescoredintwoways:playersareawardedpointsforfoulsbytheopponentandbylegallypottingredsorcolors.Eachlegallypottedredballhasapointvalueofone;eachlegallypottedcolorballhasapointvalue.Aframeendswhenallballshavebeenpotted,followingtheRulesofPlay;if,however,onlytheblackballisleftonthetable,theframeendswiththefirstscoreorfoul.Iftheplayersscoresareequalafterthatscoring,theblackisspottedonitsoriginalpositionandthelayerslagordrawlotsforthechoiceofplayingat,orassigningopponenttoplayat,theblackballwiththecueballinhandwithintheHalfCircle,firstscoreorfoulthenendstheframe,OpeningBreak,Playerslagordrawlotsofchoiceofbreakintheopeningframe.Inamatchformattheplayersalternatethebreakinsubsequentframes.StartingplayerhascueballinhandwithintheHalfCircle.Hemustcausethecueballtocontactaredball.Itisnotnecessarytosendaballtoarailorintoapocket.Failuretomeetthisrequirementisafoul.Afoulisscoredand-withallfouls-theincomingplayerhasachoiceof(1)acceptingthetableandbecomingthestriker,or(2)requiringtheoffendertobreakagain.,TheRulesofplay,RulesofPlay,1.Alegallypottedballentitlesthestrikertocontinueatthetableuntilhefailstolegallypotaball.2.Onallshots,thestrikermustcomplywiththeappropriaterequirementsofRulesofPlay.Itisnotnecessarytocausethecueballoranobjectballtocontactacushionordropinapocketafterthecueballhascontactedalegalobjectball.Failuretocontactalegalobjectballfirstisafoul.3.Aslongasredsareonthetable,theincomingstriker(playertakinghisfirststrokeofaninning)alwayshasaredashislegalobjectball.4.Anyredballspottedonalegalshotarelegallypottedballs;thestrikerneednotcallanyparticularredball(s),pocket(s)ordetailsofhowthepotwillbeplayed.,RulesofPlay,5.Whenthestrikerhasaredballashisballon(legalobjectball),hemustcausethecueballsfirstcontacttobewitharedball.Failuretodosoisafoul.6.Afterthestrikerhasscoredaredballinitially,hisnextlegalobjectisacolor,andaslongasredsremainonthetablehemustalternatehisplaybetweenredsandcolors(thoughwithineachgrouphemayplayaballofhischoice).Whenredsremainonthetableandacolorishisobject,thestrikermust(a)designatepriortostrokingwhichcolorballishisobject(thatspecificcoloristhenhisballon),and(b)causethecueballsfirstcontactwithaballtobewiththatcoloredball.Ifthestrikerfailstomeettheserequirements,itisafoul.,RulesofPlay,7.Ifthestrikersballonisared,andhepotsacolor,itisafoul.8.Ifthestrikersballonisacolor,andhepotsanyotherball,itisafoul.9.JumpshotsareillegalinInternationalSnooker.Itisafoulifthestrikerintentionallycausesthecueballtojump(risefromthebedofthetable)byanymeans,ifthejumpisanefforttoclearanobstructingball.,RulesofPlay,10.Whileredsremainonthetable,eachpottedcolorisspottedpriortothenextstroke.Afteracolorhasbeenspotted,ifthestrikerplayswhilethatballisincorrectlyspotted(andopponentorrefereecallsitbeforetwosuchplayshavebeentaken),theshottakenisafoul.Ifthestrikerplaystwostrokesaftersucherrorwithoutitsbeingannouncedbyopponentorreferee,heisfreeofpenaltyandcontinuesplayingandscoringnormallyasthoughthespottingerrorsimplyhadnotoccurred.Thestrikerisresponsibleforensuringthatallballsarecorrectlyspottedbeforestriking.Ifthestrikerplayswhileaball(s)thatshouldbeonthetableisnotafoulmaybeawardedwheneverthefoulisdiscoveredduringthestrikersinning.Anyscoringpriortothediscoveryofthefoulwillcount.,RulesofPlay,11.Whennoredsremainonthetable,strikersballsonbecomethecolors,inascendingnumericalorder(2,3,4,5,6,7).Theselegallypottedcolorsarenotspottedaftereachispotted;theyremainoffthetable.(Theblackballisanexceptioninthecaseofatiescore.),ObjectBallsJumpedofftheTable,Redsjumpedoffthetablearenotspottedandthestrikerhascommittedafoul.Colorsjumpedoffthetablearespottedandthestrikerhascommittedafoul.,SpottingBalls,Redsareneverspotted.Colorstobespottedareplacedatthestartofthegame.Ifacolorsspotisoccupied(tomeanthattospotitwouldmakeittouchaball),itisplacedonthespotofthehighestvaluecolorthatisunoccupied.Ifallspotsareoccupied,thecolorisspottedascloseaspossibletoitsoriginalspotonastraightlinebetweenitsspotandthenearestpointonthetop(foot)cushion.,TouchingaBall,Whileballsareinplayitisafou