高中一年级英语必修4课件

过去分词作状语,左歆,_intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildrensloveofart.(安徽2013)A.TofoundB.FoundingC.FoundedD.Havingfounded,C,Foundedintheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchilrensloveofart.,found(v.):tobuild,Aftertheschoolwasfoundedintheearly20thcentury,过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，即过去分词与主语之间是动宾关系，即被动关系。,过去分词(pastparticiples)或过去分词短语(pastparticipialphrases)作状语是英语中常见的语言现象，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。,Whenitisseenfromthehill,ourschoollooksquitebeautiful.Seenfromthehill,ourschoollooksquitebeautiful.,XingnanMiddleSchool,1.时间,可在过去分词前加上连词when,while等来强调时间概念。Whenyouarelostinaforest,youshouldfirstcalmyourselfdown.Dontspeakuntilyouarespokento.,Whenlost,untilspokento,1.时间,Becausehewasbroughtupinthecountryside,heisinterestedinbiology.Broughtupinthecountryside,heisinterestedinbiology.,country,2.原因,相当于as,since,because引导的从句,这类状语多放在句子前半部分。BecauseXiaoMingwaspraisedbytheteacher,hefeltreallyproudofhimself._,XiaoMing.Becauseitissungbymanypeople,thesongLittleAppleisquitepopularnow._,thesongLittleApple.,Praisedbytheteacher,Sungbymanypeople,2.原因,IfIamgivenanotherchance,IwilltellthegirlIloveher.Givenanotherchance,IwilltellthegirlIloveher.,Givemeachance!,3.条件,假设,相当于if,unless引导的从句,Ifitisheatedintoahightemperature,waterwillchangeintovapor._,waterwillchangeintovapor.,Heatedintoahightemperature,3.条件,water,vapor,Althoughmymotherwaspersuadedtobuyaniphone6,shestilldoesntknowhowtouseit.Persuadedtobuyaniphone6,mymotherstilldoesntknowhowtouseit.,iphone,4.让步,4.让步相当于though,although引导的从句。Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.Exhaustedbytheclimbing,theoldmanwasdeterminedtogettothetopofthehill.,Though/Althoughhewaslaughedatbymanypeople,Though/Althoughtheoldmanwasexhaustedbytheclimbing,he,JerrycameintotheroomandhewasfollowedbyTom.Jerrycameintotoroom,followedbyTom.,5.方式，伴随,5.方式、伴随,Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,andhewasfollowedbyagroupofstudents.,Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.,Theteacherstoodthereandwassurroundedbythestudents.,Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbythestudents.,注意过去分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语必须保持一致，请体会下列例句：,1)当被问及为什么会迟到时，她的脸涨得通红。(1)Askedwhyshewaslate,herfacewentred.(2)Askedwhyshewaslate,shewentredintheface.2)小偷如果被抓，会受到警方的惩处。(1)Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.(2)Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.,Whenshewasaskedwhyshewaslate,Whenthethiefwascaught,_fromthehill,thecitylookslikeabiggarden.,如果句子的主语和分词的逻辑主语是主动关系,用_，句子的主语和分词的逻辑主语是被动关系，用_。,现在分词,过去分词,重难点辨析（一）：主语一致,_fromthehill,youwillfindthecitylookslikeabiggarden.,Seen,Seeing,从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。_fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.A.SeeingB.Seen2.从太空看,宇航员看不到长城。_fromthespace,theastronautcannotdiscovertheGreatWall.A.SeeingB.Seen,visiting,visited,难点一独立成分作状语不用考虑主动被动,有些分词作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。_bythescore,thisgrouprankedfirst.(从判断）类似的独立成分还有：generallyspeaking,franklyspeaking,judgingfrom/by,considering/takingintoconsideration,totellyouthetruth,seeing,supposing,saving,assuming,admitting,given,provided/providing,comparedwith等等。,Judging,Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidnthearthesound.Surprisedatwhathadhappened,Tomdidntknowwhattodo.,1，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。,lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲);lost/absorbedin(沉溺于);born(出身于);dressedin(穿着);2，由某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词也具有此用法。如：frightened,satisfied,tired,disappointed等。,难点（二）：不表被动的特殊情况,重难点辨析（三）：过去分词(done)和现在分词完成被动式(havingbeendone)的区别1.Havingfinishedthehomework,Tomwentouttoplay.2.Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.现在分词的完成被动式更强调分词动作明显先于谓语动作完成。,_inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose2.If_thesametreatmentagain,hessuretogetwell.A.givingB.giveC.givenD.beinggiven3._in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.FoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.BeingfoundedD.Founding,Practicemakesperfect,4._withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesntseembigatall.A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared5._time,hellmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given,6._inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed7.Unless_tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited,8._moreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven.9.Thecomputercenter,_lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened10.Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written,11.When_,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted,12._suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered,13.Theresearcherissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun,14.The_morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,_byhisnaughtyboy.A.following,followingB.followed,followedC.following,followedDfollowed,following15._,buthestillcouldnotunderstandit.A.ToldmanytimesB.HavingbeentoldmanytimesC.HehasbeentoldmanytimesD.Thoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes,2011天津卷_intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.A.TranslatingB.TranslatedC.TotranslateD.Havingtranslated2011上海春招_in1955,DisneylandinCaliforniaisreg