Grammar focus(1)

Unit2,SectionA,GrammarFocus,Idliketohelphomelesspeople.2.Shedecidedtotryoutforavolunteer.3.Youcouldaskhospitalstoletyouvisitthekidsandcheerthemup.4.Mariobelievesitcanhelphimtogethisfuturedreamjob.5.Shevolunteersthereonceaweektohelpkidslearntoread.6.Imtakingsomesignstoputuparoundtheschool.,Revision,could是情态动词can的过去式,但常用来表示委婉的语气，此时与过去式无关，语气比can更委婉。可以用来表示建议或劝告，意为“可以；不妨”。,couldforsuggestions,Grammar,Thegirlcouldvisitthesickkidsinthehospitaltocheerthemup.Theboycouldgiveoutfoodatthefoodbank.Thegirlcouldvolunteerinanafter-schoolstudyprogramtoteachkids.Theboycouldhelptocleanupthecityparks.,-Ineedtogetsomemoneytopayforsummercamp.WhatshouldIdo?-Ithinkmaybeyoucouldgetapart-timejob.-Couldyouletmehaveyourpassport?-Yes,hereitis.,知识链接could表示“能力”或“可能性”，作为can的过去形式。如：CouldyouspeakEnglishthen？那时你能讲英语吗？,短语动词Phrasalverbs,Grammar,短语动词是指英语中有些动词和其他词类一起连用，构成一个固定词组，可看成一个整体，相当于一个单独的动词，这种组合称之为短语动词。,动词+介词此类短语动词可以用作及物动词,后面必须接宾语。Lookattheblackboard,please!请看黑板！此类短语动词还有listento,dependon/upon,lookfor,dealwith,lookafter,takeafter,waitfor等。,短语动词的构成基本有下列几种:,动词+副词此类短语动词既可以用作及物动词,也可以用作不及物动词。Igetupveryearlyeverymorning.我每天早晨都很早起床。Canyouworkoutthisproblem?你能做出这道题吗？,注意:当此类短语动词用作及物动词时,如果宾语是名词,可以将其放在短语的后面,也可以放在动词和副词之间；如果宾语是代词,则必须将其放在动词和副词之间。,Heputonhisclothesquickly.=Heputhisclothesonquickly.他快速地穿上了衣服。Pleasewakemeupatfivetomorrowmorning.请明天早晨五点钟叫醒我。,此类短语动词还有：cleanup,cheerup,giveout,eatup,fixup,giveup,giveaway,handout,helpout,putoff,putup,takeoff等。,动词+副词+介词此类短语动词可以用作及物动词。Wererunningoutofwater.我们的水快用光了。此类短语动词还有comeupwith,dowellin,lookforwardto,lookdownupon,lookoutof,putupwith等。,动词+名词+介词此类短语动词的意义取决于名词,而不是动词,修饰时不用副词而用形容词。Weshouldtakegoodcareofourparents.我们应该好好照顾我们的父母。此类短语动词还有makeuseof,takepridein,makefriendswith,payattentionto等。,4a,Fillintheblankswiththephrasalverbsinthebox.,1.Iwantto_myplantoworkinananimalhospitaluntilnextsummer.Imtoobusywithmystudiesthisyear.2.Shehopesto_atleastfiveprimaryschoolstoaskiftheyneedtovolunteersfortheirafter-schoolprograms.,putuphandoutcallupcheerupcomeupwithgiveoutputoff,putoff,callup,putuphandoutcallupcheerupcomeupwithgiveoutputoff,3.Ourclassistryingto_someideasto_sickchildrenbecausetheyareoftensad.4.Wedecidedto_signsaroundtheschooland_noticestotellstudentsaboutthebooksale.Wewill_themoneyfromthesaletohomelesspeople.,comeupwith,cheepup,putup,handout,giveout,putup张贴；搭建Heputupsomesignsaskingforoldbikes.他张贴了一些寻求旧自行车的告示。Theyquicklyputupatent.他们迅速地搭建了一个帐篷。,Iboughtanicepictureand_onthewall.A.putupitB.putitupC.putupthemD.putthemup【点拨】选B。代替anicepicture应用代词it,排除C、D两项；putup是“动词+副词”构成的短语动词，代词作宾语时应置于短语中间。,putoff推迟；拖延Wecantputoffmakingaplan.我们不能推迟制订计划。(1)putoff“推迟；拖延”，是由“动词+副词”构成的短语动词，其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。(2)当代词作宾语时，要放在动词和副词中间。类似的短语动词还有：putup,fixup,callup,cheerup,writedown,giveout,handout等。,Themeetingisveryimportant.Wecant_.A.putoffitB.putitoffC.putitupD.putitaway【点拨】选B。句意：这次会议非常重要，我们不能推迟。putoff“推迟；拖延”，代词作宾语时，要置于put与off之间。,根据句意及括号内的汉语提示,用短语的正确形式填空。1.Cantyou_(想出)abetterexcusethanthat?2.Yourdesksaretoodirty.Youshould_(打扫它们)atonce.3.Theschoolhas_(开办)aspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.,thinkup,clean,themup,setup,4.Weshouldtryourbestto_(使她开心起来).5.Whocan_(想出)agoodideaforourparty?6.Theteacher_(挂起)aChinesemaponthewalloftheclassroomyesterday.7.Therearesomepeople_(分发)papersattheshoppingcentereveryday.,cheerherup,comeupwith,putup,givingout/handingout,根据句意,从方框中选择正确的短语,并用其正确形式填空。hangoutwritedownhandouttakeafterfixupworkoutaskforrunoutoftakeawayfrom,1.Dontworry.Iwillhelpyou_yourcomputer.2.Theproblemistoodifficultformeto_.3.Whoishelpingtheteacher_thestudentshomework?,hangout,writedown,handout,takeafter,fixup,workout,askfor,runoutof,takeawayfrom,fixup,workout,handout,4.Ihavetwochildren.Mysonlookslikemeandmydaughter_hermother.5.Pleasewaitaminute!Illgetapento_yourtelephonenumber.6.Ifyouhaveanyproblems,youcan_help.,hangout,writedown,handout,takeafter,fixup,workout,askfor,runoutof,takeawayfrom,takesafter,writedown,askfor,7.Thesebooksmustnt_thelibrary.8.Ilike_withmyfriendsafterschool.9.Haveyou_allofyourmoney?,hangout,writedown,handout,takeafter,fixup,workout,askfor,runoutof,takeawayfrom,betakenawayfrom,hangingout/tohangout,runoutof,单项选择Youaresohandsome.Ithinkyoumight_yourfather.A.lookafterB.takeafterC.lookupD.lookfor,2.Mypetdogislost.Couldyoupleasehelpme_?A.lookitforB.lookthemforC.lookforitD.lookforthem3.Thecomputerdoesntwork.Lets_.A.fixupitB.fixitupC.fixupthemD.fixthemup,4.Bobcantbuyanynewbooksbecausehehas_hismoney.A.runoutB.runoutofC.ranoutD.ranoutof5.Thetreeisverytall.Icant_now.A.getdownB.turndownC.getoutD.turnoff,6.Imgoingonvacation.Couldyouplease_mydogwhileIamaway?A.takecareB.takecareofC.tookcareD.tookcareof,7.Youmustpayattention_yourpronunciation.A.atB.withC.toD.in8.Ithinkparentsshouldbestrict_theirchildren.A.isB.aboutC.ofD.with,【2011山东济宁】18.-Couldyoupleaseprovideus_someinformationaboutthestudentshealth?-Ofcourse,itsmypleasure.A.toB.ofC.fromD.with答案：D【解析】介词的用法。providesb.withsth.意为“向某人提供某物”，为固定短语。故选D。,【2012福建福州】Itwassuchafunnyshowthatpeoplecouldnthelp_againandagain.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughing【解析】考查固定搭配。canthelpdoingsth.意为“禁不住做某事”，此处句意为：这是一场如此有趣的表演,以至于人们忍不住笑了一次又一次。故选C。,【2012贵州贵阳】Whenyouleavethereadingroom,youshouldrememberto_thelights.A.turnonB.turndownC.turnoff【解析】考查动词短语的用法。turnon意为“打开”；turndown意为“关小”；turnoff意为“关上”。根据句意：当你离开阅览室时，你应该记住把灯关上。故选C。,【2012安徽省】-Smokingisbadforyourhealth.-Youreright.Idecideto_.A.takeitdownB.finditoutC.turnitoffD.giveitup【答案】D,【2012甘肃鸡西市】Mygrandpaissleeping.Willyouplease_theradio?A.turndownB.turnupC.turnon【答案】A,【2012湖北黄石】Weshouldlearnhowto_wellwithpeoplearoundus.A.getalongB.getdownC.gettoD.getup【答案】A,【2012湖北荆州】Idontthinkwecanfindanewwaytoworkouttheproblem.Butwedbetternot_.A.endupB.handoutC.giveupD.putout【答案】C,【2012浙江杭州】Hefailedinthemathtestandlookssad.Lets_.A.puthimupB.sethimupC.cheerhimupD.cleanhimup【答案】C,【2012重庆市】Youdonthavetoworryaboutme.Imoldenoughto_myself.A.lookafterB.lookforC.lookupD.lookat【答案】A,Grammar,动词不定式Infinitive,当我们要表示“想做某事、需要做某事或决定做某事”时，就会出现两个动词连用的情况，这时应如何表达呢？,同学们自然会想到wanttodosth.,needtodosth.和decidetodosth.等表达方式。,主要行为动词后面的动词采用“to+动词原形”的结构，我们把这种结构称为动词不定式（有时可以不带to）。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。下面我们一起来看一下动词不定式有哪些语法功能。,1.什么是动词不定式？,1.不定式作宾语2)动词不定式作动词的宾语。学习不定式作宾语时,要注意掌握后接不定式作宾语的动词。常见动词有:want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,agree,help等。Manypeopledecidenottothinkaboutit.许多人决定不去想这件事。Iwanttogotothelibrary.我想去图书馆。,2.动词不定式的主要语法功能：,动词+todosth.的固定搭配：wanttodosth.decidetodosth.hopetodosth.plantodosth.offertodosth.agreetodosth.learntodosth.asksb.todosth.tellsb.todosth.wantsb.todosth.invitesb.todosth.,(无锡中考)Hellusewhathehas_heranewdress.A.boughtB.tobuyC.buyingD.beenbought【解析】选B2.(2005武汉)Motherasksme_computergamesbeforefinishingmyhomework.A.notplayB.toplayC.nottoplayD.tonotplay【解析】选C,2.(宿迁中考)-Mum,canIhavesomething_?-Oh,dear.Youcanonlydrinksomewater.Thereis_inthekitchen.A.todrink;nothingelseB.drinking;somethingelseC.toeat;somethingelseD.eating;nothingelse【解析】选A。不定式作定语修饰名词或代词时要放在后面，先排除B、D二项；由关键信息Youcanonlydrinksomewater.可排除C。,2)动词不定式作形容词的宾语。这类形容词有:able,afraid,angry,careful,easy等。如：Iamveryhappytomeetyou.我见到你很高兴。Sheisafraidtowalkatnight.她害怕走夜路。Itiseasytounderstandthecartoon.看懂这部卡通片很容易。,3)动词不定式作介词but和except的宾语。介词之前有行为动词do或它的其它形式时，不定式符号to通常被省略。如：Hehadnochoicebuttositthereasusual.他没有什么选择，只好像往常一样坐在那儿。Ihavenootherwishexcepttopasstheexamination.我除了要通过考试之外，没有别的心愿。Hecantdoanythingbutwaitformethere.他什么也不能做，只好在那等我。,()1.Hewants_somevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys()2.Dontforget_yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking()3.Hefounditverydifficult_.A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep,C,A,D,Practice,2.动词不定式做宾语补足语,不定式做宾语补足语是对宾语的补充说明。1）带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask,allow,advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expect,invite,encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach,tell,want)，等待希望愿意(waitfor,wish,wouldlike/love)。如：Idinvitehertohavedinneratmyhouse.Weshouldallowthechildrentochoosetheirownclothes.,2）不带to的不定式作宾补在主动句里，动词不定式在使役动词(make,let,have)或感官动词(feel,listento,hear,lookat,see,watch,notice)之后作宾补时，不定式需省去to。包括四“看”：lookat,observe,see,watch；三“让”：have,let,make；二“听”：hear,listento；一“感觉”：feel；一“注意”：notice。如：,Ifeltsomeoneopenmydoor.我感觉有人开了我的门。Pleaselistentomesingthesongagain.请听我把这首歌再唱一遍。Youcantlettheboystandinthesun.你不能让那孩子站在太阳底下。Youmustwatchmecarefullydoeverything.你必须仔细观察我所做的一切。,注意：感官动词后既可跟省略to的不定式作宾补，也可跟现在分词作宾补。其区别是：前者强调动作的全过程或经常性；后者则强调动作在进行(片断)。试比较：Iheardhersing.我听见她唱了歌。Iheardhersinging.我听见她正在唱歌。,3）带to或不带to的不定式作宾补动词help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。TheycanhelpyoutolearnEnglish.UsingemailEnglishhelpsyouwritequickly.,4）不定式做宾语补足语时，如果要表达否定的意思，要在todo前加not,构成nottodo的形式。如：Tomtoldmenottotouchanything.Motheraskedusnottomaketoomuchnoise.,3.不定式作状语不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。不定式作状语时，要注意不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。IcametoBeijingtoseemygrandpa.我来北京看望我爷爷。Imgladtomeetyou！很高兴见到你！Imtootiredtowalk.我太累了，走不动了。,1）目的状语,如果想要表达“做某事是为了什么”，可以用动词不定式表示目的，作目的状语。不定式做目的状语时，可以放在句首，页可以放在句尾。置于句首时常表示强调。如：Inordertocatchtheearlybus,shegotupveryearly.Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscussthisquestion.Shecametothiscitytovisitherdaughter.,2）原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+todo.”结构句中。如：Ifeelveryluckytohavehim.Heranoutofmoneytobuyoldbikes.3）结果状语，多见于“too.to”，“enoughto.”结构句中。如：Imtootiredtodoitwell.Theroomisbigenoughforthreepeopletolivein.,4b,Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebox.,helpmovedomakevisitspend,Mostpeopletodayareonlyworriedaboutgettinggoodjobs_lotsofmoney.Intheirfreetime,theythinkaboutwhat_forfun.However,fewpeoplethinkaboutwhattheycando_others.,tomake,todo,tohelp,Therearemanypeoplewhoarelessluckythanus.Volunteeringourtimetohelpthesepeopleisagoodway_ourfreetime.Forexample,wecanmakeplans_sickchildreninthehospitalorraisemoneyforhomelesspeople.Somepeopleevenstopdoingtheirjobsforafewmonthsorayear_toanotherplace,likeoneofthecountriesinAfrica,andhelppeoplethere.,tospend,tovisit,tomove,4c,Completethesentenceswithyourownideas.Useinfinitives.,1.Idliketovolunteer_.2.At12:00a.m.,Icalledmyfriend_.3.ImverybusybutIcouldhelp_.,atthefoodbankandhelptogiveoutfoodtothehomelesspeople,toaskhimanimportantquestion,topaintthehouseforafewhourstomorrow,4.Summervacationiscoming,andIwant_.5.Iwanttotravelalone.Myparentstoldme_.,tovisitmygrandparentsinHunan,nottodothatbecauseIamtooyounganditisnotsafe,1.ItoldBob_theTVsinceitwastoolate.（2001陕西）A.turnoffB.turnsoffC.turningoffD.toturnoff2.Myparentsaskedme_homeearlieryesterday.（2000北京朝阳区）A.getB.gettingC.togetD.got,D,C,3.Thegreedyinn-keeperoncemadethepoorheroin_twiceaday.(2001上海)A.danceB.dancesC.dancedD.todance4.-IsWeiFanggoodatsinging？-Yes,sheis.Weoftenhearher_inthenextroom.（2001苏州）A.tosingB.singsC.singD.singing,A,C,5.Whatdidyourteachersaythismorning?Shetoldus_makefacesinclass.(2013湖北随州)A.tonotB.nottoC.donotD.didnt6.Jessicasparentsalwaysencourageher_outheropinions.(2013辽宁鞍山)A.speakB.speakingC.tospeakD.willspeak,B,C,()7.Driversshouldntbeallowed_afterdrinking,ortheywillbreakthelaw.(2012湖北咸宁)A.driveB.drivingC.todriveD.to