2015 八年级下英语语法 ---动词不定式动词短语

Unit1Illhelptocleanupthecitypark.动词不定时,动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形“,有时可以不带to.动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。tolearnEnglish,tospeakatthemeeting.在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。,用法：1.用作宾语(v.+todo)Iwanttobuyacomputer.,needtodolearntodoagreetodoplantododecidetodorefusetodobegintodostarttodotrytodoforgettodoremembertodoliketodostoptodogoontodohopetodowishtodo,2.用作宾语补足语：(v.+sb.+todo),Sheaskedmetohelpher.tellsbtodoteachsbtodowantsb.todowishsb.todogetsb.todoordersb.todofindsb.tobelikesb.todowouldlikesb.todohelpsb.todo,作宾语补足语不带to的情况：,Letmedoit.常见动词有：使役动词:let,make,have感官动词:see,watch,hear,feel,listentonotice比较：Iheardhersinginginthenextroom.Iheardhersinginthenextroom.,二看,watch,see,lookat,三使,let,make,have,一听,listento,hear,四注意:,feel,notice,五感觉:,3.用作状语,HecametoshowmehisnewCDplayer.(目的)Theboywastoofrightenedtomove.(结果),4.用作主语,Togoabroadishisdream.,(这时可用形式主语it来替换),Itishisdreamtogoabroad.,5.用作表语,Mywishistobeascientist.,Ihavetwobookstoread.Heaskedforaroomtolivein.,6.用作定语(这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。若是不及物动词,介词不能省略),7.疑问词who,what,which,where,when,how加todo可构成不定式短语,在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。,Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.(主语)Idontknowwhattodo.(宾语)Hecantellyouwheretogetthebook.(宾语补足语)Thequestioniswho(m)toask.(表语),比较(Compare),Idontknowwhattodo.Idontknowhowtodoit.Idontknowwhattodoaboutit.,8动词不定式的否定式,Myteachertoldmenottobelazyagain.Hisbossmademenotdorestfor12hours.,Its+,+(for+sb.)+todosth.,Its+,difficult,hard,easy,possible,impossibleimportant,+(of+sb.)+todosth.,clever,wise,kind,good,right,nicewrong,bad,cruelsilly,stupid,foolishcareful,careless,e.gItishard_youtodoitwell.=Foryoutodoitwellishard.Itiskind_youtohelpme.=Youarekindtohelpme.,for,of,Itsclever_himtosayso.Itisimpossible_youtofinishit.Itwaswrong_youtotellalie.Itwascareless_youtomakesomanymistakesintheexam.Itissilly_hertodosuchathing.Itisimportant_youtolearnEnglishwell.,of,for,of,of,of,for,e.g,Exercises,1.-Youvedoneverywellthistime.-Itsreallykind_.A.foryoutosaysoB.foryousayingsoC.ofyoutosaysoD.ofyousayingso2.Itisbettertoloseoneslifethan_.A.ifyouloseyourspiritB.losinghisspiritC.toloseonesspiritD.yourspiritgettinglost,C,C,3.Icantworkinthisway.-Whynot_itinsomeotherway?A.trytodoB.trydoingC.tryingtodoD.tryingdoing4.Sinceyoufinditdifficult_adecision,youdbetteradiscussion(讨论)withyourparents.A.reach;haveB.reaching;haveC.reach;havingD.toreach;have,B,D,7.Thereisntanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydontknow_.A.wheretochooseB.whichtochooseC.whattochooseD.tochoosewhich8.Thebagistooheavyforme_.A.tocarryitB.nottocarryitC.tocarryD.nottocarry9.Theteacherwillteachhim_.A.touseB.useitC.howtouseitD.uses,B,C,C,找出句子中的不定式,并说出作用：,1.Ittakesyoutenminutestogetthere.2.Ihopetoseehimsoon.3.Hiswishistobecomeanartist.4.Peopleeattolive,butnotlivetoeat.,状语,表语,宾语,主语,5.Ihavealottotellyou.6.Itsnotrighttobealwaysthinkingofoneself.7.Weoftenseehimplayfootball.,定语,主语,宾语补足语,1.跳舞非常有趣。2.种些植物是非常有必要的。,Todanceisalotoffun.,Itisalotoffuntodance.,Togrowplantsisveryimportant.,3.说英语对我来说并不容易。4.听到你的声音真高兴。,Tohearyourvoiceissonice.,Itissonicetohearyourvoice.,TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforme.,1.我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。2.最好的计划就是马上离开这儿。3.我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。,Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.,Thebestplanistoleaveatonce.,Mydreamistobeascientist.,1.他想借用我的录音机。2.他们开始读和写。3.李琳喜欢玩什么？她喜欢踢足球。4.你长大了想做什么？,Hewantstoborrowmyradio.,Theybegantoreadandwrite.,WhatdoesLiLinliketoplay?Shelikestoplaysoccer.,Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?,1.我有许多书要看。2.她有几个问题要问。3.他有一台电视要修。4.我没什么可担心的。,Ihavemanybookstoread.,Shehasafewquestionstoask.,HehasaTVsettorepair.,Ihavenothingtoworryabout.,5.他是一个值得信赖的人。6.他是第一个来这的人。7.他那生病母亲最多可活三个月。,Heisamantobelievein.,Hewasthefirstmantocomehere.,Hissickmotherhasthreemonthstoliveatmost.,Theylookedforhimeverywhereandfoundhim_underthetree.a.liesb.lyingc.layd.lain,考点:see/hear/find/watchsb.dosth.(看见某人做了某事）See/hear/find/watchsb.doingsth.(看见某人正在做某事),b,Isawhim_thesupermarketjustnow.a.enteredb.enteringc.enterd.toenterThegirlwhosoldmatcheswasfound_thenextmorning.a.dieb.dyingc.diedd.dead,c,d,forget/remembertodosth.forget/rememberdoingsth.stop/goontodosthstop/goondoingsth,Thescientiststopped_tomethoughhewasbusy.a.talkingb.totalkc.tohavetalkd.havingtalk,b,Themoreyouthinkaboutit,themorequestionsyouwillthinkof_.a.askb.askedc.askingd.toask考点:todo表示目的Thedoctordidwhathecould_thatchild.a.saveb.tosavec.savedd.saving,d,b,Ihavenopen_.a.writingb.writingwithc.towritewithd.writing,todo作定语,如是不及物动词构成不定式短语作定语,其后需接介词,c,5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard_.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn6.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh,Iforgot_.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff,D,C,8.-Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?-Itisaverygood_.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudy,A,11.-IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.-Whynot_therebyboatforachange?totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogo,B,12._aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade13.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan_forfood.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg14.Theboypretended_whenhismotherentered.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingread,A,A,C,9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto,14._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep15.Theteacheraskedus_somuchnoise.A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake,Unit1Illhelptocleanupthecitypark.动词短语,动词短语,1.定义:动词之后加介词副词或名词构成短语,表达一种特定的含义;如果被拆开则不能表达这种特定的含义.takecareof,lookafter,2.分类:及物的短语动词必须接宾语,不及物的短语动词则不需接宾语.hangout,callup,构成,1动词副词：takeoff,writedown,fixup,cleanup,cheerup,giveout,giveaway,handout,callup,hangout,tryout等。这些