高考英语 最全的定语从句基础篇

定语从句基础篇定语从句形成三步法：1. 找出相等词。2. 重复改引导。3. 引导词前置，从句紧相随。定于从句还原三步法：1. 找出两关键。2. 引导词还原。3. 代入从句中。 分类 限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 定语从句引导词关系代词（在从句中作主语或宾语）: who, whom, that, which, whose（作定语); as关系副词（在从句中作状语，表时间、地点或原因）: when, where, why限制性定语从句1. Yao Ming is a young man _ who / that _ plays basketball very well.2. Yao Ming is a young man _ (who / whom / that) _ I admire very much.3. Yao Ming is a young man _whose_ girlfriend is a basketball player as well.4. The man _ (who / whom / that) _ Yao Ming is talking with is his interpreter.5. The man with _whom_ Yao Ming is talking is his interpreter.Summary:当先行词是人时，用who, whom, that, whose引导。 当关系代词是定语从句的主语时，用who ,that引导。 当关系代词是定语从句的宾语时，用whom, who, that引导，或省略。当关系代词出现在介词后面时，只能用whom引导。 当关系代词作定语从句中的定语时，用whose引导。1. The computer is a machine _ _that / which can do a lot of amazing work.2. The computer is a machine _（that / which）_ she uses almost every day.3. The computer is a machine _ whose_ speed of calculation is very fast.4. The machine _（that / which）_ she is working with is called a computer.5. The machine with _ which _ she is working is called a computer.Summary:当先行词是物时，用that, which, whose引导。 当关系代词是定语从句的主语时，用that, which引导。 当关系代词是定语从句的宾语时，用that, which引导，或省略。当关系代词出现在介词后面时，只能用which引导。 当关系代词作定语从句中的定语时，用whose引导。Notice: “that” or “which”：1. This is the 2nd article _ that_ I have written in English.2. It is the best film _ that _ he has ever seen.3. This is the very book _ that _ I want to read.4. All _ that they told me surprised me.5. They talked about the teachers and schools _ that _ they had visited.6. Who is the comrade _ that _ was there?7. There is a bed in the room _ that _is still vacant.8. Our village is no longer the place _ that _ it used to be.9. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of _which_ hadnt been cleaned at least a year.10. The weather turned out to be very good, _ which _ was more than we could expect.11. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through _ which _ he could see what was going on inside the house.Summary:*that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which（1）先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。（2）先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。（3）先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。（4）先行词被the only, the very, just the 修饰时。（5）先行词既有人也有物时。（6） who, which疑问句。（7）两个定语从句时,交换使用。（8）先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。*在下列情况下只用which,不用that（1）引导非限定性定语从句。（2）直接作介词的宾语。（3）避免与that重复。Notice:That is the book.The cover of the book is blue.That is the book _whose cover / of which the cover / the cover of which_ is blue.*注意：1. 关系代词whose表示所有关系，在从句中作定语，常用of which 代替。2. 用of短语修饰的名词应带有the；whose则不用。3. of which短语可放在所修饰的名词前后，whose只能在前。关系副词 (where， when， why)1.Where 先行词是地点的名词，在定语从句中充当状语(= 介+which)This is the factory.We worked in the factory 3 years ago.which/that we worked in. This is the factory in which we worked.where we worked.This is the town _where_ I spent my childhood.This is the town _which/that_ I visited yesterday.The table _where_ she is sitting is a new one.I visited the house _ which/that_ once belonged to Lu Xun. 先行词是situation, case, point 都要用where引导.2. when 先行词是表时间的名词，在定语从句中充当时间状语。（介+which） I will remember the days.I stayed there in the days. when I stayed there. I will remember the days in which I stayed there.which I stayed there in.Ill never forget the day _when_ (= _on_ which) I was born.This was the time _when_ (= _at_ which) he left for Beijing.We will put off the meeting until next week, _when_ we wont be busy.Do you still remember the days _ (that/which) _ we spent in the countryside3. why 先行词是表原因的名词，作原因状语。(= for +which)This is the reason.I cant finish it for this reason. This is the reason for which I cant finish it.why I cant finish it.Summary: 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。非限制性定语从句1. Liu Xiang is a great athlete, who won a gold medal in the Athens Olympic Games.2. Liu Xiang is a great athlete, whom we are proud of.Liu Xiang is a great athlete, of whom we are proud.3. Liu Xiang is a great athlete, whose aim is to win another gold medal in 2020.1. He is fond of sports cars, which are very expensive.2. He is fond of sports cars, of which Ferrari is his favorite.3. He is fond of sports cars, whose appearances are very attractive.the appearances of which are very attractive.*表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of, 有时可用whose转换。1) There are 100 teachers in our school, _60 are women teachers.2) He has three children, two _ work as teachers.3) That table has four legs, all _ are very short.4) Im painting a house, the roof _ is round.*“介词关系代词”即“介词whom/which”引导定语从句应注意：1.介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2) I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3) I will never forget the year _ my son went to college.4) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, _ most people had had supper.B. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Have you found the book _ I paid29 US dollars?2) Have you found the book _ I spent29 US dollars?3) Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4) Have you found th