高考英语一轮复习 Unit13—Unit14知识要点聚焦1

Unit 13Unit 14知识要点聚焦1重点词汇单词：fat，stomach，fever，salad, ripe，ought，examine，plenty，energy, soft，fuel，pace, function，chemical，balance，fit，unit，gain, sleepy，boil，mixture，theme，conflict, argument，opinion，major， Probably，honour, nation, purpose，faith，Joy，light，similar，salute，nod，respect，gift，fool，invitation短语：ought to, plenty of, keep up with，make a choice，now and then, roll up dress up, in ones opinion, play a trick on sb., take in2. 重点句型You had better get some restYoud better get some restYou should/ought to be careful with fruitPeople must only do things that will make others happyYou havent got to be in such a hurryStudents mustnt cheat in the exams3交际用语Ive got a pain hereThis place hurts.Lie down and let me examine youLet me have a lookWhat can I do for you？ Can I help you? Whats the matter?I advise you to Youd betterI think you shouldWhy not？I suggest you shouldWhy dont you？In my opinion，we should.I believe we should.重点考点精释1辨析examine/check两者都有“检查”之意，但具体含义不同。check表示“查证，核实以杏明是否正确、属实”。而examine表示“为了解决问题而检查”，另有“考试”之意：Youd better check your answers before you hand it inIs the baby asleep? I11 go and checkIm going to have my teeth examined next weekOur teacher examined us in English yesterday2offer vt提供；提出Offer n. offer n. to offer to doOffer n. n.Please offer your price.She offered his help to us.My classmate offered to help me with my English.Someone will offer you 10,000 yuan for your house.3. pain n. 辛劳；努力No pains, no gains.We must share pains and pleasure in face of the enemy.In pain 痛苦；疼痛（通常充当表语）With pain 痛苦；疼痛（一般用做状语） Im wounded and in pain.He was almost mad with pain.4. 辨析 a bit/a littleA bit 和a little 在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、副词及其比较级时，可以互换，表示“一点儿”的意思，相当于副词，表示形容词及副词的程度：The speaker spoke up a bit/a little so as to make himself heard more clearly.In fact, the earth is actually a bit/a little nearer to the sun during the winter.接不可数名次时a bit 后边需要家of , 而a little 则不需：a bit of water=a little water. Not a bit “一点也不”,not a little “非常“，意思相反：Im full, Im not a bit hungry.He traveled far and was not a little tired.5. 辨析 habit /customHabit 表示“习惯，习性”。通常指个人习以为常的行为，即生活习惯；也可以指不外露的思想等。它有时含有长时间养成的习惯，不易曲调的意味，后常接of doing 结构，不可接不定式。Custom 常指在社会团体或国家中长期形成或流传的传统的“风俗，习惯“。这个词也可以指个人习惯，但常指外露的行为或做法，后接不定式结构：My husband has got into the habit of turning on the TV as soon as he gets home.Custom is sometimes considered as important as law.6. fuel n. 燃料v. 给加燃料Wood, coal, oil, gas, and plutonium are different kinds of fuel.Aircraft sometimes fuel(up)in mid-air7. pace n. 步幅，一步；步调，步速Im too tired to walk a pace furtherHe went home with heavy paceI saw them walking at a fast pace8. balance n.平衡；均衡v（使）平稳；权衡Destroy the balance of 打破平衡Keep the balance of 保持平衡Keep ones balance 保持平衡Lose ones balance 失去平衡On balance 考虑之后，权衡一切的结果；来说来说Man mustnt destroy the balance of natureWe have to keep the balance of ecosystemI found it hard to keep my balance on the icy pathHe lost his balance and fell off bikeI think on balance I prefer the old systemWhen you learn to ride a bicycle, you must learn to balance9. keep短语Keep up 保持（高昂的气势等）Keep up with 和并驾齐驱Keep out 使不进入Keep off 使不靠近Keep away (from.) 使远离；不接近 Class, lets keep up our high spirits in our studies for the coming examI really hope that such nice weather will keep upWalk slower please. Im afraid I wont keep up with youThey shut a11 the windows to keep out the cold airThey made a fire to keep off wild animalsYou must keep the children away from the pooll0. equipment n设备：装备He offered us a new piece of equipmentThis is shoe factory with modern equipmentEquip vt装备：配备Equipped sb. With st.Equip sb. For sth.Our army is equipped with modern weaponEveryone， equip yourself for the task11advice短语Give sb. Advice on sth. 对提出建议Give sb. Advice on what/how to do 对某人作什麽或怎么做提出建议Take/follow ones advice on 接受某人在某方面的建议Ask sb. For advice 征求某人的意见Listen to ones advice 听从某人的意见 Please give me some advice on my English learning，Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign languageThey refused to take your advice on the plan12careful短语Be careful/take care (to do ) 小心，当心Be careful/take care+从句Be careful with 留神，小心Be careful of 当心Be careful in doing 在方面细心Do be careful/Take care not to break the jarlie careful/Take care there is no mistakeYou should be careful with your spelling/workDont drink too muchlie careful of your healthHe is always careful in giving others advice，13short短语Be short of 缺少In short 简言之，一言以蔽之For short 简称The crops are short of water，for it hasnt rained for daysIn short，we should depend on ourselves in our studies，We call a laboratry lab for short14. be always doing“总是；老是”，多指不太正常，或不为说话人所欣赏的行为，有时也可用来赞扬某一行为His son is always asking for toysHave you noticed the young man that is always walking in the market？She is always singing at homeHes always working late into the night15word短语A man of few words 言语不多的人Beyond words 无法用语言形容Break ones word 失信By word of mouth 口头上Eat ones words 收回所说Get in a word 插句话Have a word with 谈谈Have words with 吵架In a word 总之In other words 换言之In words 用言语Keep ones word 遵守诺言Word came that . 有消息说Word for word 逐次词逐句地16build vt（身体）长得（被动）：增强体质（up)He is too slightly built for hard workOur maths teacher is not very tall but he is healthily builtYou should build up your body yourself now，if you want to be a success in the futureExercise builds up the muscles17take in留（某人）住宿；包含；把（衣服）改窄；充分理解；欺骗；吸收He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take hint inThis is the total cost of the holiday，、along everything inMy dress is bit loose round the waistCould you take it in for me?It took me a long time to take in what you were sayingDont be taken in by his promisesThis kind of paper takes in ink quickly.18辨析learn /stud表示“学习”，有时可以互换：We are studying/learning English表示“向学习”，只能用learn,不用study：Learn from Comrade Lei Feng用作不及物动词，表示学习时，只用study:He studied abroad 1998study还可以表示“仔细看” ( look at carefully），这时不用learn：He studied the map and smiledlearn可用作及物动词，表示“了解到”study没有这种含义：He soon learn，that a professor would come to give a report.19learn短语Learn about 了解Learn from sb. 向某人学习Learn .from sb. 从某人那里得知Learn of .得知Learn .by heart 熟记，背诵Scientists are trying to learn more about the oceanWe should learn from Comrade Lei FengI learnt the clews from MrWangI learned of her lung cancer this morningClass，please learn this paragraph by heart20dress up盛装；打扮；装饰A lot of young people dont want to dress up for workShe dressed her girl up for the festival21Conflict v冲突；争执；抵触n冲突，战斗；争论，抵触Conflict with 与冲突Come into conflict 与（某人）发生争执In conflict with 与（某人）意见不一致In conflict 有矛盾，不一致Do British laws conflict with any international laws？There is some research that conflicts with this viewThe workers are in conflict with the boss22in ones opinion/in the opinion of依照某人的看法In my opinion autumn is the most beautiful seasonIn the opinion of most people，that was the right thing to do辨析opinion/idea/thoughtopinion表示对争论或讨论的问题事先所持有的“看法”：I have no opinion on this subjectWhats your opinion of the new president？idea指通过感觉和想象，在头脑中对某一事物所形成的“看法，思想，概念”，可以用于指各种思想活动：The idea of death is frightening to some peoplethought指“思考”，或通过推论，而不是单凭直观形成的“思想，想法”：He sat there，deep in thought23honour vt尊敬；纪念；给予荣誉n荣誉；尊敬Do/show honour to n. 向某人致意；尊敬某人In honour of 为纪念；为了向表示敬意Be honoured for 因而受到尊敬Miss Li was honoured for her excellent teachingWe must show honour to the oldWe shall give dinner in honour of the foreign guestsThe day was kept as a holiday in honour of the victoryI had the honour of being invited to the party24辨析nation/country/statenation着重指人民，因此也可译作“民族，国民（总称）”：the Chinese nation中华民族The President spoke on TV to the nationcountry着重指疆土、国土、家园：Germany and France are European countriesChina is a socialist countrystate着重指政权、国家机器：a head of state国家元首Railways in China belong to the state25. faith n信仰、信任、信念Have faith in 相信、信任Lose faith in 对失去信心Faith can move mountains.精诚所至，金石为开：Have you any faith in what he said？Ive lost faith in that fellow高考样题例释1（2020年天津）How often do you eat out?一 _ but usually once a weekAHave no idea BIt dependsCAs usual DGenerally speaking【解析】答案为B。It depends“视情况而定”。2（2020年江苏）More patients_ in hospital this year than last year.Atreated Bhave treatedChad been treated Dhave been treated【解析】答案为D。this year今年以来，指年初到现在（年末），用完成时。3(2020年全国)Why don t you put the meat in the fridge? Itwill _ fresh for several daysA. be stayed Bstay Cbe staying Dhave stayed【解析】答案为B。本题考查动词stay的用法及时态与语态。由fresh可知stay应表示“保持（某种状态）”，是系动词，不能用于被动语态，可排除A。根据前句的语境，后一个句子表示的是将来某一段时间内存在的状态，应用一般将来时，故答案为B。单选高考模拟1Could it be in the restaurant in_ you had dinner with me yesterday_ you left behind your keys and wallet？Athat；which Bwhich：thatCwhere；that Dthat；where2You were_ at the meeting，but to our disappointment, you didnt .Ahoped：come out Bwanted；turn outCinvited；come up Dexpected：turn up3一I went to see you at about ten this morning，but you were not in the officeOh，that was probably_ I was talking with the head masterAwhen Bwhy Cwhat Dthat4What are Johnsons family like？_.ATheyre all warm-hearted and thoughtfulBOh，its a very big oneCThey all like sports and gamesDHis family is very similar to mine5Are all the names of your class here_ ?Yes，all _ mineAlisted；included Blisting; includesClisted；including hbeing listed; being included6.Karl Marx first developed_ political theory known as _communismAa；a Bthe；the Cthe；不填Da；不填7Dont talk with your mouth full！Where are your _ ?Apolitenesses Bmanners Cfoods Ddishes8What is that building?一_the students have their dance classesAThe building that BThere areCThats the building which DThats where9Are you going to watch TV now?一_.AI would if I had the time BIm sorry厂There is no answerCAll right Thank you DYes. I agree with you10They decided to drive the cattle away_ they did more damageA. until Bunless Cbefore Dalthough全真模拟训练一、单项填空1I was _ supper while my mother was _ supper when he came inApreparing for；preparing for B preparing；preparing forCpreparing for；preparing Dpreparing；preparing2The salesman scolded the girl_ and let her offA. caught to steal B. caught stealingCcaught to have stolen Dcaught to be stealing3I wonder why they were so easily _ by his storyAtaken in Btaken into Ctaken on Dtaken up4You _ the same mistake again and againA. always make B. always are makingCare always making Dare always made5The _ for which he wanted to _ with them is still unknownAreason：cause Bcause：reasonCreason；reason Dcame；cause6We all think that taking more exercise every day will prevent you weightAto put up Bputting up Cto put on Dputting on7The doctor advised me not to eat fruit that isnt ripe_ Ain the future Bin futureCfor future Dfor the future8It was his _ to take a walk along the river after supperAway Bcustom Chabit Dinterest9The fire spread throught the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get outAhad Bwould Ccould Dwas able to10After school，on my way home，I found that a lot of_ grass on the hillsideAcattles were eating Bcattles was feedingCcattle were eating Dcattle was feeding11Little Tom seemed to be unable to _ what the teacher was saying in classAtake on Btake in Ctake down Dtake off12All of us have got _ his ability to succeedAa great faith in Bgreat faith atCgreat faith for Dgreat faith in13As an engineer，he _ with the development of science and technologyAcatches up B. keeps upCgets up Dcomes up14The tourist industry has _ a variety of jobsAinvented Bdeveloped Cdiscovered Dcreated15The policeman asked me how the accident_ Abrought in Bbrought outCcame about Dcame by二、完形填空Are you left-handed？if、，did your childhood friends 1 at you? Did your parents 2 you to use your right hand？Did you have tools that felt 3 when you used them？Most people（about87-90）are right-handed， 4 many people think left-handed people are different， 5 strangeAlmost every culture has images（印象）of negativity（否定）or worthlessness 6 left-handednessIn English，the word“left” itself 7 an ancient word for“worthless”or“weak”In many cultures，ceremonies（仪式） 8 to death or dead people are done only with the left handAnd in cultures where food is eaten 9 hand，the left hand is thought to be dirty and not to be used for 10 11 If you are left-handed，you have probably 12 you have some 13 Left-handers are better than right-handers at using both hands 14 well，for example. This is very useful in many sports and in some jobs 15 special skills.16 you be happy or sad if you are left-handed? These days, most people 17 left handedness so life is easier for you now. Today, for example，you can buy left-handed tools, sports equipment，and musical instruments. But 18 are still not equalIn the United States，right-handed people live to as average age of 75，but left-handers die 19 an average of 66Left=handed people die in accidents nearly six times more often than right-handed peopleIt seems that living with right-handers really is a disadvantage for left-handers. So left-handers，be 20 .1A. smile B. look C. shout D. laugh2A. ask B. tell C. teach D. call3A. common B. usual C. comfortable Dstrange4. A. so B. but C. for D. then5A. still B. rather C. even D. quite6A. stuck to Bgot to Cconnected to Dadded to7A. comes across B. comes from C. comes to D. comes on8. A. related B. referred to C. led to D. belonged to9A. with B. by C. in D. in10A. drinking Bwriting C. doing Deating11A. So B. For C. But D. Yet12A. saw B. watched C. looked D. found13A. skills B. mistakes C. pains D. advantages14A. mostly Bfairly C. equally D. partly15A. practising B. needing C. lacking Dlearning16A. Should B. Will C. May D. Can17A. receive Bfind Caccept Dadmit18A. chances B. things C. lucksD. jobs19A. to B. in C. at D. by20A. careless B. hopeless C. hopeful D. careful三、阅读理解AOld age in the United States presents many problems and opportunities（chances)As a result of improved medical services，people live longer than they used to. This increase in longevity（length of life）creates a wide range(范围）of social needs that didnt exist when the average life expectancy（估计寿命） was lowerThe specialty of gerontology （老年医学）has opened research areas and careers(职业）related only to the elderly.Because of the fact that a family has become smaller than before，the elderly have to create a way of life separated from basical1y small family units. This situation is complicated （变得复杂）by the fact that many of their friends may have died and their children have moved away.The elderly person must set up a new life. Often, the elderly must live on a fixed income Social Security (社会保障制度)and pensions (养老金)and gradually becoming smaller savings. While some live with their children, many more live by themselves, with a friend, or in a nursing home.However, the increasing proportion（比例）of elderly people has given them a new political power. They have formed some organizations to voice their own needs and demands to local and federal governments. They often ask the members of the government to vote for increasing Social Security benefits（资金）,better health care，income tax benefits, and rent controls. All this has enabled the public to realize the determination of the elderly to show their ability to deal effectively with own lives.1Which of the following expressions can be explained the word“presents” in the first paragraph?A. Gives sb. sth.BPuts forward sth. to be considered and accepted or refused.C. Appears and is present at.D. None of the above.2For the main idea of Paragraph 1，which of the following is the best choice?A. The first sentence in Paragraph 1BThe second sentence.C. The third sentence.D. The fourth sentence.3With the changes in. the family structure elderly people have to live in new ways, What are the new ways mentioned in this passage?A. To live on Social Security and pensions and their savings which are becoming smaller.BTo live with their children or with a friendC. To live by themselves or in a nursing homeD. All of the above.4From the following statements, choose the one that is most probably the main idea of the passageA. Old age in the United States presents many problems and opportunities.BBecause of changes in the family structure，the elderly have to create a way of life separated from basically small family units.C. The elderly person must set up a new life.DThe increasing proportion of elderly people has given them a new political power.BSir，The majority of your readers must have been surprised and shocked to read a letter from MrR. Hogg，published in last Wednesdays Herald. Mr. Hogg seems to think that his own convenience and that of motorists in general are the only things that matter in our city.I would have more sympathy（同情）with Mr. Hogg if he just made suggestions to, improve the situation. No doubt his problems would be partly solved if the local government b