2020学年高中英语 Unit 1 Period Two　Learning about Language同步精品学案 新人教版必修1

Period TwoLearning about Language 直接引语和间接引语(一)当我们用引号引出别人的原话时，被引用部分称为直接引语；当我们间接地把别人的意思转述出来时，被转述的部分称为间接引语，我们可以通过口诀来掌握直接引语变间接引语的方法。1陈述句直接引语变为间接引语的口诀：去掉引号加 that,人称变化要灵活；主从时态要一致，状语变化要明确；客观规律永不变，动词变化有一个。(1)He said，“Im going to see a film this afternoon.”He said that he was going to see a film that afternoon.(2)Jack said to me, “I have waited for you for a long time.”Jack told me that he had waited for me for a long time.(3)The teacher said to us，“We will have an English party next week.”The teacher told us that we would have an English party the next week.2直接引语与间接引语时态变化对照一览表直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时 现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时【提醒】下列情况下，直接引语变间接引语时时态不变。(1)直接引语如果陈述的是客观事实或真理，当其变为间接引语时，不管主句用什么时态，间接引语的时态都不变。The teacher told the students，“The earth goes around the sun”The teacher told the students that the earth goes around the sun.(2)直接引语中有明确的表示过去时间的状语时，变间接引语时，其时态仍保持过去时。The girl said，“I was born in Hong Kong in 1990.”The girl said that she was born in Hong Kong in 1990.(3)主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时，变间接引语时，时态通常不变。The old gentleman often says，“Time is life.”The old genteman often says that time is life.3指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化一览表直接引语间接引语this 这that 那these 这些those 那些now 现在then 那时，当时today 今天that day 那天yesterday 昨天the day before 前一天tomorrow 明天the next (following)day第二天tonight 今晚that night 那天晚上last week 上周the week before 前一周next week 下周the next week 第二周two weeks ago两周前two weeks before 两周前the day before yesterday 前天two days before 两天前the day after tomorrow 后天two days later 两天后here 这里there那里come 来go去bring 带来take拿走4.人称代词的变化(1)“一随主”。若直接引语中有第一人称，变间接引语时应与主句中主语的人称相一致。(2)“二随宾”。若直接引语中有第二人称，变间接引语时应与主句中宾语的人称相一致。(3)“第三人称不更新”。直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变化。5疑问句直接引语变间接引语(1)直接引语为一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，常用if或whether引导，引述动词用 asked, 没有间接宾语的可以加一个间接宾语me，him 等。He asked me, “Are you good at English？”He asked me if/whether I was good at English.(2)反意疑问句变间接引语时，只能用whether来引导。(3)特殊疑问句变间接引语时，用原句中的疑问词作连词，将句子改为陈述语序。The teacher asked the boy，“Why are you late again？”The teacher asked the boy why he was late again.I asked her，“When did you come here？”I asked her when she had been there. 6直接引语变间接引语时，还要注意几种特殊情况：(1)陈述句由直接引语变为间接引语时，如果有两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时，仅能省略第一个 that，其余的均不可省略。He said，“I want to visit the Great Wall，and my father will go with me then.”He said (that) he wanted to visit the Great Wall and that his father would go with him then.(2)直接引语是祈使句时，变间接引语时常变为ask/tell/order sb. to do sth.句型。如果是以lets开头的祈使句，则通常变为suggest doing 或 suggestthat 从句。“Do it again.”the teacher said to us.The teacher told us to do it again.(3)直接引语中有when，since，while引导的从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句的时态，从句的时态不变。(4)如果在当地转述，here不必变为there，come不必变为go；如果在当天转述，则today，yesterday，tomorrow等时间状语也不必变化。(5)有的疑问句并非提出疑问，而是表示请求、建议、劝告等意义。引述这类疑问句时，通常用“ask/advise/want宾语不定式”的结构，表示建议时，通常用“suggest动名词”等结构。Mr. Green asked，“Shall we go to Beijing to watch the Olympic Games？”Mr. Green suggested going to Beijing to watch the Olympic Games.及时反馈.句型转换1He said to me，“I broke your CD player yesterday.”He told me that he had broken my CD player the day before.2He said to me，“What can I do for you？”He asked me what he could do for me.3He said，“I havent seen these children by now.”He said that he hadnt seen those children by then.4He asked me，“Can I go to see her tomorrow？”He asked me if he could go to see her the next day.把下列直接引语变为间接引语或间接引语变为直接引语1“Weve lived there for two years，”he told me.He_told_me_that_they_had_lived_there_for_two_years.2“I was here a few weeks ago，”she said.She_said_she_had_been_there_a_few_weeks_before.3“I went to university in the 1960s，”Wang Hua told his students.Wang_Hua_told_his_students_that_she/he_went_to_university_in_the_1960s.4The teacher asked Wang Ying why she hadnt gone to school the day before.“Why_didnt_you_go_to_school_yesterday？”the_teacher_asked_Wang_Ying. .将下列句子变为间接引语1Mr.Wang said，“I will leave for Shanghai on business next month，children.”Mr.Wang_told_the_children_that_he_would_leave_for_Shanghai_on_business_the_next_month.2“I havent heard from my parents these days，”said Mary.Mary_said_that_she_hadnt_heard_from_her_parents_those_days.3The geography teacher said to us，“The moon moves around the earth and the earth goes around the sun.”The_geography_teacher_told_us_that_the_moon_moves_around_the_earth_and_the_earth_goes_around_the_sun.4Zhang Hong said to me，“Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.”Zhang_Hong_told_me_that_Doctor_Wang_passed_away_in_1948.5John said to his parents，“I had learned 500 Chinese characters by the end of last term.”John_told_his_parents_that_he_had_learned_500_Chinese_characeters_by_the_end_of_last_term.6“Have you got anything interesting I can read，George？”she asked.She_asked_George_if_he_had_got_anything_interesting_she_could_read.7“Shes here to ask for help，isnt she？”he asked.He_asked_whether_she_was_there_to_ask_for_help_or_not.8“Where are you going？”the father asked his son.The_father_asked_his_son_where_he_was_going.9“Are you sorry for what you have done？”the mother asked the naughty boy.The_mother_asked_the_naughty_boy_if_he_was_sorry_for_what_he_had_done.把下列句子变为直接引语1I told him that I had lost my money and that I would find it.I_said_to_him，“I_have_lost_my_money.I_will_find_it.”2She asked whether I would be free the next day or not.She_asked_me，“You_will_be_free_tomorrow，wont_you？”3I asked her where she was going and what she was going to do the next day.I_asked_her，“Where_are_you_going_and_what_are_you_going_to_do_tomorrow？”4His father told him not to climb that high tree in his new coat.His_father_said_to_him，“Dont_climb_this_high_tree_in_your_new_coat.”5The stranger asked me what my name was.The_stranger_asked_me，“Whats_your_name？”6She said that she would finish her work the next day.“Ill_finish_my_work_tomorrow，”she_said.7The teacher asked if we could do it.The_teacher_asked_us，“Can_you_do_it？”8The commander ordered his men not to cross the river before dawn.The_commander_ordered_his_men，“Dont_cross_the_river_before_dawn.”9My teacher asked whether he was coming.My_teacher_asked，“Is_he_coming？”10The scientist asked me what I was doing.The_scientist_asked_me，“What_are_you_doing？”.用所给词的适当形式填空1What he did has added_to our difficulties.(add)2Any student caught cheating will have to leave the classroom.(cheat)3Concerning your letter，Im pleased to inform you.(concern)4I have one hand loose but the other is tied.(loose)5Linda hides herself away in her office all day.(hide)6If you are free，you can join_in our discussion now.(join)7The novel is about a family who cant communicate_with each other.(communicate)8How are you getting_along_with your English study？(get)9Danny is becoming so crazy_about dancing.(crazy).单句改错1My camera was broken and I had to get it repair. repairrepaired2Keeping diary is a good habit for students. diary前加a3Mr.Smith said that he would leave for Europe next Monday. next前加the4He went back home，hungrily and tired. hungryhungry5My friend would go on a holiday，so he asked me to take care his dog. care后加of6While he walking the dog in the park，he happened to meet an old friend. walking前加was或去掉he7.That happened that I was reading upstairs when he came in. That It8One should have a friend whom you can share something. whom前加with9She fell love with the manager and then married him. fell后加in10How are you getting along your studies recently？ along后加with.翻译句子1汤姆告诉他的老师，他出生于1990年。Tom_told_his_teacher_that_he_was_born_in_1990.2爸爸告诉儿子，地球围绕太阳转动。Father_told_his_son_that_the_earth_goes_around_the_sun.3妈妈问她的女儿，她的玩具小汽车出什么故障了。 Mother_asked_her_daughter_what_was_the_matter_with_her_toy_car.4他说他两星期前就参观了那个公园。He_said_he_had_visited_the_park_two_weeks_before.5他问我第二天是否去参加他的生日晚会。He_asked_if/whether_I_would_go_to_his_birthday_party_the_next_day.单项填空1Did you ask whose computer_？Athis blue one was Bis this blue oneCit was this blue one Dthis blue one is 答案A解析由主句动词的过去时判断排除B、D两项；由宾语从句的语序应为陈述语序知选A项。2Mother asked me where I _ the next day.Awould go Bwill go Cam going Dwent答案A解析由主句时态为一般过去时可排除B、C两项；由题意知表示将来的动作，故用过去将来时。3The nurse told the children that the sun _ in the east.Arisen Brose Crises Drising答案C解析直接引语如果表达的是客观真理、谚语，变成间接引语时时态不变，仍用一般现在时。4This area soon _from the effects of the earthquake.Ahid Brecovered Cconcerned Dset答案B解析recover 意为“痊愈；恢复”时为不及物动词，后接宾语时需加介词from。5As I _ there，my friend had left three days _ .Aarrived；ago Barrived at；beforeCarrived at；ago Darrived；before答案D解析there是副词，arrive 后只有接地点名词时才加介词。过去完成时中“三天以前”用 three days before。6He asked me _ I would go to Beijing by air the next day.Athat if Bif Cthat whether Dhow 答案B解析that，if 和 whether都是连接词，不能并用；by air 已经明确了去北京的方式 ，故不选how。 7The mother asked her son _.Awhat did he do the day before Bwhere did he find his lost walletCwhat time he got up that morning Dthat if he had finished his homework答案C解析直接引语为特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时需用陈述语气，排除A、B两项；直接引语为陈述句时，变成间接引语可用引导词 that 引导；直接引语为一般疑问句，变成间接引语时常用 if 或 whether 引导，故排除D项。8The visitor_that he _very glad to visit our country.Asaid；was Bsaid；has beenCtold；was Dspoke；had been 答案A解析say 后直接接所说的内容；tell 常用于 tell sb.about sth.结构；当从句动作只着眼于转述事实时，可与主句时态一致。9She_ such a serious heart trouble that it was difficult to regain her health.Asuffered Btook Cowned Dcarried 答案A解析suffer 此处意为“忍受；遭受”，符合题意。suffer 意为“患病”，后接宾语时需加 from。take“带走”；own“拥有”；carry“携带”。10The history teacher told them that the Chinese Communist Party _founded on July 1st,1921.Awas Bhad been Cis Dhas been 答案A解析如果直接引语中有确定的过去时间状语，变为接引语时态不变。.阅读理解Everyone needs friends. We all like to feel close to someone. It is nice to have a friend to talk, laugh, and do things with. Surely，there are times when we need to be alone. We dont always want people around. But we would feel lonely if we never had a friend.No two people are just the same. Sometimes friends dont get along well.That doesnt mean that they no longer like each other. Most of the time they will make up and go on being friends.Sometimes friends move away. Then we feel very sad. We miss them very much. But we call them and write to them.It could be that we would even see them again. And we can make new friends. It is surprising to find out how much we like new people when we get to know them.Families sometimes name their children after a close friend. Many