2020年高中英语 初高中衔接课程 第三章 重要词性了解学案（无答案）

第三章了解重要的词类一、名词n .名词分类普通名词物件术语表示人或事物的对象(例如teacher、pen、hand)集体名词表示诸如Family、team、police等对象的集合物质名词表示实体不可分割的固体、液体、气体等实体，如冰、水、气体抽象名词表示特性、状态、感情等抽象概念的名词(如sadness、happiness、work)专有名词人名、地名、机关、事物、组织、概念、节日等。名词复数构成法则变更规则一般直接在名词后附加-s以字母-s、-sh、-ch、-x结尾的名词后接-es以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词，将-f/-fe加-v，然后加-es以-0结尾的名词的复数多数加-es以辅音字母y结尾的名词。将y更改为I，然后添加-es不规则的变化更改单数名词的元音字母短复数形式，如sheep、deer、fish、means表示特定人的名词的复数形式因习惯而异A.单个复数相同(大多数以ese结尾)，例如，Chinese，SwissB.后缀加-s(通常以-an结尾)，例如Americans、Koreans、IndiansC.将man替换为men，将woman替换为women。示例：Englishman-Englishmen其他形式(如mouse-mice、child-children)名词的游击性加-s/-s 以名词单数形式表示，如： the girls books，用-s表示复数形式，用“s”表示，如tices“books”注：所有格后的名词表示位置时，可以省略位置名词。范例：the doctors复合名词在最后一个名词后加上s，例如brother-in-laws books表示时间、距离、重量、国家、城市，场所无生命的术语也可以用“s”的形式表示所有关系，例如three days walk使用介词of没有生命的物体的名词所有地总是用of表示。范例：the cover of the book双重所有制格名词由“s拥有格”和“of拥有格”组合而成(例如Tom s old friend of Tom s)二、代词种类人称人称代词物主代词反身代词第一人称I、we、me、usMy、our、mine、oursMyself，ourselves第二个人说YouYour，yoursYourself，yourselves第三人称We、he、she、it他的his、her、its、hers、theirsHimself、herself、Itself，themselves代词This、that、these、those、such、the same不确定代词All、both、neither、none、either、each、many、few、little、another、much、one、ones、ones疑问代词Who、whom、whose、what、which相互代词Each、other、one、another、each others、one anothersExercises:1.here is the that his younger brother loves best。A.coffee cup b . coffee s cup c . cup of coffee d . coffee of cup2.Tony always has to tell his students at the beginning of his letures。A.some good pieces of newsb。some pieces of good newsC.some good piece of newd .some piece of good news3.as a businessman，Li gained his by selling famous of English and American wristers。A.wealthWork B. wealthWorks C. wealthsWorks D. wealths工作4.he is a kind-hearted man。people can get on well with him。A.few b . a little c . quite a few d . little5.the post office isnt far from here .its only bicycle ride。A.half an hours b . an hour and a half c . half an hour d . half an hour s6.population of Shanghai very big and most of its population native people。A.areIs B. isIs C. areAre D. isAre7.would you like to have，汤姆？-No、thanks、l have had enough。A.anymore orange and apples b . some more oranges and applesC.anymore oranges and apples d . some more oranges and apple8.which do you prefer to drink，or coffee？-，please。A.泰兹；Two tea B. tea二次c .车；两队d .队；两队9.lt was really to get a present from him on her birth day party that she could n t believe it，looking at him in。A.such big surpriseA surprise B. such a big surpriseSurpriseC.so big surpriseA surprise D. such big surpriseSurprise10.these are bikes。the twin brothers like them very much .A.jack s and Jerry s b . jack s and Jerry c . jack s and Jerry b . jack and Jerry s11.how much water is there in the bottle？-。you d better come to fetch another bottle。A.a little B. nothing C. no one D. none12.bill works harder than in his class。he is the most excellent student l have met .A.the other boys b . other boys c . any boy d . another boy三、形容词一、成分形成分数例句决定说话one of the most common languages used for creating web pages is called html。who is the greatest woman writer alive in the world？标语After getting her haicut，she looked even more beautful物件补充语言With the window open，many things in the shop were stolen at night。形鲨The bird fell onto the ground，dead。二、比较水平另外，中学还安排了形容词比较，最高级语法点学习。变更规则如下表所示：规则原级比较等级最高级的后缀中的单音节形容词-er；-est高Few希格FewerHighestFewest以字母e结尾的形容词在后缀后附加-r。-stLarge宽的Larger维瑟LargestWidest重读以废音节结尾的形容词，结尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母。首先要写两次那个辅音字母，然后放-er。-est精简大热Thinner非gger热机Thinnest非ggest热测试辅音字母以y结尾的形容词必须先把y换成I，然后放-er；-est快乐彭尼快乐Funnier赫皮尔斯Funnist在下节形容词前加上更多的比较水平。加上the most最高级别Beautifulintersting比索普More interestingThe most beautifulThe most interesting一些不规则形容词会改变，如下表所示。原级比较等级最高级的古德贝特最佳Bad/ill沃思WorstMany/much更多MostLittle莱斯莱亚斯FarFarther/furtherFarthest/furthestOld奥尔德/埃尔德Oldest/eldest三、具体使用1，形容词原单词very，quite，so，too。示例：He is too tired to walkin。他累得不能再去了。我弟弟跑得太快了，跟不上。2，as.包含as(等于)的主要表示句。例如：Tom is as old as Kate。汤姆和凯特一样大。Tom is twice as old as Kate。汤姆的年龄是凯特的两倍。Tom runs as fast as Mike。汤姆跑得和Mike一样快。注意。1、否定形式not asas.as也不是so.不像as那么好例如：He doesnt walk as slowly as you。他没有你走得那么慢。This room is not as/so big as that one。这个房间没有那个房间大。2，比较级别的单词much、a lot、a great deal、far、by far(.更多)，a little，a bit(.有点)、even(甚至)、still(仍然)、any(否定、疑问)。例如：lesson one is much easier than lesson two。第一节课比第二节容易得多。汤姆鲁克斯even younger than before。汤姆甚至比以前年轻。this train runs much faster than that one。这列火车比那列火车跑得快。she drives still more carefully than her husband。她仍然比她的丈夫开车更努力。典型例子1，the experiement was easier than we had expected。A.more B. much more C. much D. more much答案C. Much可以修饰比较级别，而easier本身已经是比较级别，因此不能再使用more。2，最高级表示3个以上的比较，经常of.in.与一起使用。例如：the Yangtze river is the longgest river in China。长江是中国最长的河流。the Yangtze river is longer than any other river in China。长江