新人教版高中英语选修10Unit4 Learning efficiently

Unit 4 Learning efficientlySkill goals:talk bout techniques of English learningpractose talking about techniques of reading and giving a talkPractise giving suggestions审阅the subjunctive moodwrite an e-mail to give suggestions on English learningSpecial Focus:1.environmental、efficiently、centrigrade、recipe、bookslet、endeavour、competent、upto.caption、digest、beneach、adopt、Preview、frequent、manual、assess、consult、shabby、rainbow2.improve writing ability3.审阅the subjunctive mood1)I wish I had been in hong kong last year。(2)if I had gone to the English corner very offten，my spoken English would have been improved。3)it s important that he should complete the work on time。Additional materials:语法审查假设(I)(a)声调的定义和类型(1)音调的定义语气是表示说话者对某一行为或事物的看法和态度的动词的一种形式。(2)音色的种类陈述语气用于陈述、疑问句及特定感叹语，以确定行动或状态是否真实、确实或符合事实。例如：我们还没准备好。Did it rain all day yesterday？昨天下了一天雨吗？What a fine day it is！多么好的天气啊！避开语气表示说话者的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。例如：Be careful！小心！Dont forget to close the window .别忘了关上窗户。Open the door，please。请开门。家庭法不是行为或状态客观存在的事实，而是表示说话者的主观需要、家庭或推测等。例如：I were you，I should study English。如果我是你，我学过英语。我wish you could go with me。希望你能和我们一起去。May you succeed！祝你成功！(b)在条件条款中使用家庭法条件语句有两类：一类是实际条件语句，另一类是虚拟条件语句。如果假设的情况有可能发生，则是实际的条件语句。这种实际条件语句中的谓语是陈述句。例如：If it doesn？T rain tomorrow，we will go to the park。如果明天不下雨的话，我们去公园吧。假设的情况无论过去还是现在都不存在，或者将来发生的可能性很小的情况下，虚拟条件语句。例如：If he had seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it。如果他昨天见到你，就会问那个事实。其实他昨天没见到你，所以没问你这件事。)在包含虚拟条件语句的复合句子中，主句和子句的谓语都使用假设法。(1)表示与当前事实相反的假设和结果If I were you，I should (would，could，might) tell him the truth。如果我是你，我会告诉他真相。If he had time，he would (could，might) go with you。如果他有时间，他(可能)会和你一起去。If my brother were here，everyhing would be all right。我弟弟在这，一切都没问题。(2)表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果If you had taken my advice，you would en t(could n t)have failed in the exam。如果你按照我的建议去做，你决不会(考试不及格)。if I had the money last week，I should (would，could，might) have bought a car。如果上周有这笔钱，我就买一辆车。She would (could，might)have telephoned you immediately，if shehad won the game。如果她赢了比赛，她会给你打电话的。If you had coma few minutes earrier，you would (could，might) have met the famous singer。如果早来几分钟，就可能见到那个著名的歌手。(3)表示可能与未来事实相反的假设和结果If it were Sunday tomorrow，I should (would，could，might) go to see my grandmother。如果明天是星期天，我就去看望奶奶。If it were to snow this evening，they would not go out。如果今晚下雪，他们就不出去了。If it should rain，the crops would (could，might) be saved。如果下雨，庄稼一定会得救。(4)主节和节的运动不一致的情况有时条件子句的动作和咒语的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。If you had listened to the doctor，you would be all right now。如果一开始听了医生的话，身体现在会好起来的。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在)you had practiced speaking English more，you would be able to speak it fluently。多练习说英语，现在可以说得很流利了。省略连接词if在语句中，如果虚拟条件子句中有were、had或should，则可以省略if，在将这几个词放入主语之前，可以配置主谓词翻转。例如：Should he come (if he should come)，tell him to ring me up。如果他来了，就让他给我打电话。Were I you (if I were you)，I would not do it。如果我是你，就不做这件事。had he been more careful(if he had been more careful)，such mistakes could have been avoided。如果他细心行动，这样的错误本可以避免的。虚拟条件语句中省略连接词的倒装形式，在句子开头不能使用语气动词的缩略语否定式。如果我们可以说：Were it not for the expense，I would go to Paris。但我不能说：werent it for the expense，I would go to Paris。用介词短语代替条件副词子句有时假设不是条件子句，而是介词短语。例如：Without air (if there were no air)，there would be no living things。没有空气，就不会有生物。but for your help(if it haden t been for your help)I coul dn？T have done it。没有你的帮助，我不可能完成这项工作。假设的情况有时可以用上下文或其他方式表达。例如：I was busy that day。otherwise I would have gone there with them。(if I hadent been busy that day，I would have gone there with them。)我那天很忙，不然我会和他们一起去那儿的。(如果我当天不忙的话.）I would have finished the work，but I have been ill。(if I hadent been ill，I would have finished the work。)本该完成这项工作的，但我病了。如果我没有生病，我会结束的.）(5)保存条件子句或主要句子可以省略假想出来的周名或寺庙，但其意义仍然可以推测。省略条件子句you could have washed your clothes your self。你本可以自己洗衣服的。节省了“If you had wanted to”。(事实是你没有亲自洗衣服，因为你不想洗。)，以获取详细信息保存主要句子(通常表示愿望)If my grandmother were with me！我奶奶和我在一起多好啊！事实上，奶奶已经不在人世了。)，以获取详细信息If only she had not left！希望她没去！事实是：她已经走了。)，以获取详细信息If only the wind would stop！风停了该多好啊！事实是风停止的可能性很小。)，以获取详细信息家庭法(ii)(1)在主题条款中使用家庭法“it is important (strange，natural，neceary) that .”在这样的句子模式中，that领导的主语子句的谓语动词通常使用“should动词原型”结构，表示某事物的意思是“重要”、“奇怪”、“自然”、“必需”等。例如：it is important that every member(should)inform himself of these rules。重要的是，每个成员都知道这些规则。it is neceary that he(should)be set there at once。我们必须马上送到那里。it is decided(has been decided)that the meeting(should)be post poned till tomorrow。决定把会议推迟到明天。it is very strange that she(should)have left without saying good bye。她告别了。真奇怪。(2)在目的条款中使用家庭法动词wish后面的宾语从句与现在或过去的事实相反，或对未来的主观愿望，寺庙通常省略连词。1)对当前情况的虚拟：子句动词使用过去时态或过去时态(be动词通常是were)。例如：I wish I knew the answer to the question。我想知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道)I wish it were autumn in beijin all the year round。希望北京全年都是秋天。这只是愿望。实际完全不能实现。)，以获取详细信息shewishes she were still living with her grand mother。她仍然想和奶奶住在一起。(实际上没有发生)(2)表示对过去情况的假想：子句动词常用“had过去分词法”。(。例如：I wish (wished) I hadn？T spent so much money。我后悔不该花那么多钱。(实际消耗)He wished he had not lost the chance。他真希望没有失去机会。事实上失去了机会，他感到遗憾。)，以获取详细信息3)表达对未来的主观愿望：从句动词形式是“would 10动词原形”。这时要注意，主句的主语和从句的主语不能相同。咒语的主语期待的子句动作的实现与否取决于子句主题的态度或意志(动物名词除外)。例如：I wish it would stop raining。希望雨停了。I wish you would come soon。希望你马上来。动词后的宾语从句，如Su