高中英语 MODULE 5 A Lesson in a+Lab背景知识拓展 外研版必修1

MODULE 5 A Lesson in a LabDaydreaming is good for the mind聪明人才爱做白日梦Catch yourself daydreaming while washing the dishes again? If this happens often you probably have a pretty capable working memory, new research suggests.洗碗的时候发现自己又在做白日梦了？新的研究表明，如果你经常做白日梦，那么你的工作记忆力可能会很好。This mind wandering, it seems, actually gives your working memory a workout. Working memory is the mental work space that allows the brain to juggle multiple thoughts simultaneously. The more working memory a person has, the more daydreaming they can do without forgetting the task at hand.走神实际上会锻炼你的工作记忆力。工作记忆是大脑的工作空间， 能让大脑同时在多种想法间跳跃。人的工作记忆容量越大 ，那在不影响手头工作的情况下做的白日梦就越多。Our results suggest that the sorts of planning that people do quite often in daily life when theyre on the bus, when theyre cycling to work, when theyre in the shower,etc. are probably supported by working memory, study researcher Jonathan Smallwood, of the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Science, said in a statement. Their brains are trying to allocate resources to the most pressing problems.“我们的研究结果表明，人们在日常生活中，在公交车上，骑自行车上班时，淋浴时等，经常做的那类计划很有可能都是由工作记忆来支持的，” 马克斯普朗克人类认知和脑科学研究所的研究人员乔纳森斯莫尔伍德在一篇报道中写道。“他们的大脑试图把资源分配给最紧迫的问题。”Researchers studied groups of people from the University of Wisconsin-Madison community, ranging in age from 18 to 65. The first group was asked to perform simple tasks, like pressing a button every time they took a breath or clicking in response to a letter popping up on a computer screen; these tasks were so easy that their minds were likely to wander, the researchers figured.研究人员对来自威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校社区中的几组年龄从18岁到65岁的人员进行了研究。让第一组人员执行简单的任务，像每次按按钮的时候吸口气，或者点击电脑屏幕上跳出来的字母，研究人员推测，由于这些任务都非常简单，所以他们应该会很容易走神。The researchers checked in periodically, asking the participants if their minds were on task or wandering. When the task was over, they measured each participants working memory capacity by having them remember letters while doing math equations. Though all the participants performed well on the task, the researchers noticed that the individuals who indicated their minds had wandered more than others also scored higher on the working memory test.研究人员每隔一段时间就检查一次，询问受试者他们是在工作还是在走神。当任务结束时，他们让受试者一边做数学方程一边记忆字母，通过这种方式对他们的工作记忆能力进行了评测。研究人员发现，虽然所有的受试者都很好的完成了任务，但是说自己走神次数多的受试者工作记忆评测的分数也比较高。What this study seems to suggest is that, when circumstances for the task arent very difficult, people who have additional working memory resources deploy them to think about things other than what theyre doing, Smallwood said.“这次研究似乎表明，当工作情况不是很费力的时候，人们会有额外的工作记忆资源，可以让自己去想工作以外的事情。” 斯莫尔伍德说。Missing moments失踪的时刻When our minds run out of working memory, these off-topic thoughts can take the main stage without us consciously meaning them to; for instance, arriving at home with no recollection of the actual trip, or suddenly realizing that theyve turned several pages in a book without comprehending any of the words.当我们大脑的工作记忆空间塞满时，这些离题的思想会在我们无意识的情况下占据主导地位；例如，回到家却想不起来实际的行程，或者翻了几页书却突然意识到自己不明白里面的意思。Its almost like your attention was so absorbed in the mind wandering that there wasnt any left over to remember your goal to read, study researcher Daniel Levinson, a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin-Madisons Center for Investigating Healthy Minds, a part of the Waisman Center for Brain Imaging and Behavior, said in a statement.研究人员丹尼尔莱文森在一篇报告里说:“你的注意力好像都用来走神了，没有余下的用来阅读。” 丹尼尔是威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校健康头脑调查中心的一名研究生，该调查中心是韦斯曼脑成像和行为研究中心的分部。People with overall higher working memory were better able to stay focused when the task at hand required it. Those who had low working memory often had their thoughts drift away from the task, and did less well at it.工作记忆力较好的人，在手头上的工作需要时，可以更好地集中注意力。工作记忆力较差的人，在工作时，思想总会偏离工作，所以工作完成的不是很好。The findings add to past research suggesting these mind drifts can be positive moments. For instance, daydreaming has often been associated with creativity researchers think that our most creative and inventive moments come when daydre