高中英语 Unit 4 Body Language背景知识拓展 新人教版必修4

Unit 4 Body LanguageAbout Body LanguageHave you ever wondered why you sometimes take an almost immediate liking to a person you have just met? Or worried about why someone you were talking to suddenly became cool and distant? The chances are that it wasnt anything that was said but something that happened: a gesture, a movement, a smile. Social scientists are now devoting considerable attention to “non-verbal communication,” what happens when people get together, apart from their actual conversation.Eye contact is one way of measuring the degree of closeness of relationship between two speakers, although there are cultural variations in the meaning of eye contact. In the Middle East, for example, it is considered extremely provocative for a woman to let a man catch her eye, let alone return his gaze. Social psychologist Michael Argyle observes that there is more eye contact between people who like each other than those who are indifferent or hostile towards each other. And the longer the length of the gaze, the more likely it is that the listener is more interested in the person who is speaking, than the actual topic of conversation. Frequently looking down can indicate submissiveness or embarrass-ment. Looking away repeatedly may express boredom or dislike. Women tend to engage in more eye contact than men, especially when talking to other women.The next time you are at a party, take note of some of the silent messages being sent around you. You may find that this silent language is much more fascinating than the actual conversation going on around you.关于肢体语言你有没有想过为什么有时你刚刚见到了一个人，你就会立刻喜欢上这个人？或者你有没有因为一位正在跟你谈话的人突然态度变得冷淡并且疏远，这使你心情感到焦虑不安？这很可能并不是因为你说错了什么话，而是由你的一个手势、一个小动作、一个微笑引起的。社会科学家们现在特别注意“非语言文字的交际”，即当人们到一起时，除了人们实际上所谈的话之外所发生的事情。目光的接触是衡量两个谈话人之间关系亲密程度的一个标准，尽管在不同的民族文化中对目光接触的意义有所不同。例如，在中东，如果一位女士惹得一个男子的注目，就被认为是带有极端的挑逗行为的性质，更不用说回眸再去凝视那个男士了。社会心理学家迈克阿吉尔观察到两个互相爱慕的人看对方的次数和时间，要比两个互相冷漠甚至敌视的人互相看对方的次数和时间要多。听讲话的人若是凝视讲话的人的时间越长，越有可能是，听讲话的人对讲话人本人的举止大过于对他所讲的真正话题的兴趣。频繁地低头往下看通常都表示顺从或不好意思。反复的扭转头看别处可能表示厌烦或不喜欢。女士比男士更喜欢用目光接触，特别是在和另一些女士谈话时更是这样。下次参加社交聚会时，多留意一下你周围人所传送的无声的语言信息。你会发现这些无声的语