高中英语 Unit 2《What is happiness to you-grammar and usage》学案1 牛津译林版选修6

Unit 2 What is happiness to you?Grammar and usage学案第一部分：重点讲解过去时态谈论过去的状况或动作一般用过去时态。过去时态包括一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时和过去完成时等。1 一般过去时1)表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的具体的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, a moment ago, the next day等。Sang Lan was born in Ningbo, China in 1981.I attended a meeting yesterday.Where did he go a moment ago?2)表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作。I went to school by bus.He was often late for school.3)常用一般过去时的句型。Why didnt you/I think of that?I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.I didnt recognize him.2. 一般过去时和现在完成比较一般过去时和现在完成时均表示发生在过去的动作,但前者侧重过去的事实,后者侧重过去的动作对现在的影响.- My computer _ wrong although I used it only once.- youd better go to check it.试比较:I cant enter the room now because I _ (lose) my key.I cant find my text book now, but I _ (put) it here.3过去进行时1)它是用来表示在特定的某一时刻正在发生的事情，或者过去某一时段内持续发生的事情。主要从点和段上来强调动作的过去进行时。What were you doing at nine last night?I first met Lisa three years ago. She was working at the radio shop at that time.2)表示过去某一阶段内一直在进行的动作。I was reading a novel last night.As she was reading the newspaper, her sister was doing her homework.过去进行时在近年高考中的考查:1. Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.- Where was I?- You _you didnt like your fathers job. (04 北京)A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying2. You were out when I dropped in at your house. (04 广东)- Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport.A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited3. Has Sam finished his homework today?- I have no idea. He _ it this morning. (04吉林)A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done4. Whats wrong with your coat? (05 重庆)- Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _ on it.A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sittingAnswers: CACD4. 一般过去时和过去进行时的区别1). 一般过去时表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态（包括过去习惯动作），常与just now, a moment ago, yesterday, last week(month, year), the day before yesterday及表示过去的时间状语从句。如 I was sixteen years old last year.He worked in a factory in 1986.I met her in the street the day before yesterday.He often swam in the river when he was young.2). 过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/ Sunday/week), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday)，when sb. did sth等时间状语从句。Eg. What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday? I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. I was cooking when she knocked at the door.3). 一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去 进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。 I saw you while you were speaking to Joan.注意：有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时，也可用于过去进行时，但含义不同。如：She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。(信写完了) She was writing a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信.（信不一定写完）4). 过去进行时的时间状语从句(1). when 和while引导的状语从句 while表示一段时间，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如： When/While we were having supper, the light went out.(2). when用作并列连词时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。 I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我5过去完成时1)在某一过去时间以前或过去某事之前已发生并完成的动作。By the end of last month they had treated 3,000 patients.By the time she competed in the New York Goodwill Games, she had been a dedicated junior gymnast for eleven years.2)表示一种未实现的愿望和想法。I had hoped to go on Monday, but I couldnt get away.I had thought that he was our English teacher.3)用与Hardlywhen, Scarcelywhen, No soonerthan句型中。Hardly had he finished his homework when we went home.6. 过去完成时与一般过去时1). 历史事实通常用一般过去时表示，如： They learned that Lincoln led the American War.He told the students that Hitler killed millions of Jews.2). 过去完成时可以代替一般过去时，表示惊奇.I saw her coming, but in a minute, she had disappeared.They wanted to keep it a secret, but a few days later, everyone had known it.3). 当主从复合句中有after, before 引导的时间状语从句时,用过去完成时的地方可用一般过去时.He (had) finished all the homework before his patents got home.After I (had) had a short break, I went on to work out the problem.将来时态谈论将来的状况或动作一般用将来时态。将来时态包括一般将来时、将来进行时和将来完成时等。1 一般将来时一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或情况。常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, next week等。She will come with us to watch a football match tomorrow.有几种方法可以表示一般将来。1). will/shall do:表示将来发生的动作或出现的状态,shall仅与第一人称连用I know I will think about her whenever my life feels unbearable.2). be going to do:表示主语计划打算的行动或看来就要发生的事情Today, Im going to talk about how to find happiness.3). be doing:表示计划或安排好的动作（go, come, leave, begin 等动词）4). be to do:表示客观上计划或安排好的动作The line is to be opened to traffic on May Day.5). be about to do:表示即将发生的动作,一般不带时间副词或短语He is about to retire.6). do:表示与安排，计划或时刻表有关的动作；或用于if, when等状语从句中代替will do.2 将来进行时(1)表示将来某一时间点或时间段正在进行的动作。Dr Brain will be talking about success next time.What will you be doing at eight tomorrow evening?I wonder if it will still be raining this afternoon.(2). 表示即将或按计划在未来要发生的事情, 主语为第一人称时往往含有期盼情感.Ill be seeing my grandma next month.They will be separating in the summer.3将来完成时表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。When you get home, you father will have left for America.By the end of next month he will have finished his novel.4. 过去将来时1)从过去某时看将要发生的动作。I never imagined that he would become a doctor.I was about to leave when my uncle arrived.2)come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移动的词，可用过去进行时表过去将来。Mr. Smith telephoned home to tell his wife that John was coming for supper.He told me that he was leaving soon.5. 近年高考中时态考查示例例1： 考查过去完成时2001上海春：The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed解析：by (the end of ) last month是过去完成时的典型的时间状语. 悬挂大桥是被设计, 用过去完成时的被动形式. 答案: B演变: John and I _ friends for eight years. We first went to know each other at a Christmas partyBut we _ each other a couple of times before that.A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seenC. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen点拨：约翰和我(到现在)已经做朋友8年, 用现在完成时; 后面是在过去某时间前已经见过几次, 用过去完成时. 答案: D小结：过去完成时描述一动作先于另一动作完成，可由时间状语来反映，如：by, by the end of, before, after等；但更多的是由句子含义来决定。例2： 考查一般将来时2020高考全国卷：Lets keep to the point or we_ any decisions.Awill never reach Bhave never reachedCnever reach Dnever reached解析： 本题考查一般将来时的基本用法， 理清句子结构和含义：让我们紧扣主题,否则的话,我们将达不成任何决定. 答案: A演变: 06江苏卷34 ：A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A. is B. are C. was D. were点拨：a poet and artist一个诗人兼画家,做主语用单数谓语形式;时态是明天下午将来, 用进行时表将来. 答案: A小结：对于一般将来时的掌握，特别要能记住和区分它的各种表达形式， 如：be to do sth, be doing, be going to do, will do, be about to do, 一般现在时表将来等。例3： 考查过去进行时Shirley a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished.Ahas written Bwrote Chad written Dwas writing解析：本题一定要考虑后半句“但是我不知道他是否已完成”， 所以应理解成去年（我看到他时），他当时正在写一本书。用过去进行时。答案：D演变: 2020太原质检：- Sorry to have interrupt you. Please go on.- Where was I ?- You _ you didnt like your fathers job.A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying点拨：注意情景隐藏的时间状语: 在你被打断的时候,你正在讲.用过去进行时. 答案:C小结：现在的题目一般不会给你明显的时间状语，往往要很好地理解情景，去挖掘隐含的时间状语。第二部分：练习I. 用所给动词的适当的过去时或将来时的形式填充1. Lets keep to the point or we _ never_ (reach) any decisions.2. My mind wasnt on what he was saying, so Im afraid I_ (miss) half of it.3. I dont think Jim saw me; he _ just _ (start) into space.4. I _ (ask) you not to move my dictionarynow I cant find it.5. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _ (begin) to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.6. -George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?-No, I _ _ _(invite). Did they have a big wedding?7. Shirley _ (write) a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.8. John and I have been friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ _(see) each other a couple of times before that.9. His wife _ _ (hope) to catch the first train but she was too late.10. I _ _ (catch) in the heavy rain on the way to the cinema.11. I found the sentence _ _ (not read) smoothly.12. What he had said at the meeting _ (prove) true.13. -Did you see Tom at the party?- No. He _ _ (leave) by the time I arrived.14. - How time flies! Its already 10 oclock.- Oh, I _ _ (not realize) it at all.15. - Im sorry that I shouldnt have been so rude to you.- You did_ (lose) your temper but thats OK.II.用所给动词的适当的过去时或将来时的形式确翻译下列各句1. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who _ _(一直抓着) him but failed.2. -What were you doing when Tony phoned you?-I had just finished my work and _ _(正准备开始)to take a shower.3. -You were out when I dropped in at your house.-Oh, I_ _(在等候)for a friend from England at the airport.4. - Why havent you asked her to come here?- She _(正在做工) an important experiment when I found her and she hasnt finished it.5. - What