高中英语 Unit1《Getting along with others》教案（8） 译林牛津版必修5

课 题M5U1 Getting along with others教 学 目 标1. Let students read the new words correctly.2. Get students to master some important words. 教学重、难点How to get students master the important words and phrases.教、 学 具Slides预习要求Workbook教师活动内容、方式学生活动内容、方式旁注. 不定式句法功能1. 作主语：The cat said, “To take roller coaster” is terrible.不定式短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情况下，尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语之后，而用先行代词it作形式主语。 The cat said, “Its terrible to take roller coaster.”不定式作主语常见句型：a) It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult) + 不定式b) It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, ones duty, a shame) + 不定式eg. Its my duty to teach you how to be a student of No.3 Middle School.c) It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience) + 不定式2. 作表语：当句子的主语是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。Our most important task now is to make a plan.3.作宾语The cat said “Remember not to take it next time!”.a) 可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等当不定式短语比宾补长时，往往将不定式放到宾补后，而用先行代词it作形式宾语，常用动词有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster.b) 不定式一般不作介词的宾语，只有少数介词如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词都是实义动词do, does, did时，通常省略to。We have no choice but to wait.We can do nothing but wait.4. 宾语补足语在SVOC句型中，许多动词都可以按不定式作宾语补足语。a) 通常作宾语补语的不定式要带to，常用于以下动词之后：ask, tell, advise, allow, enable, expect, force, get, like, order, teach, want, invite, wish, beg等You should get them to help you.但在谓语动词believe, find, think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove等后面跟to be作宾补，不跟to dob) 以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带to一些表示“致使”意义的动词，如：let, have, make等一些表示感觉的动词，如：hear, feel, see, watch, notice等Dont let the children trouble you.I heard someone open the door.但当这两类动词为被动态时，不定式就成了主补。作主补的必须加上toHis father made him go to bed early.He was made to go to bed early by his father.5. 作定语不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词。能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有attempt, decision, promise, plan等He hasnt kept his promise to write to his parents regularly.常与不定式搭配的形容词，其同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。常见的有ability, determination, anxiety, eagerness等His eagerness to finish his homework was quite clear.序数词形容词最高级或被only, last, next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语：She was the only person to survive after the earthquake.Tips: 不定式在作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，它后面需要加上适当介词。Hes always the first to come and the last to leave. 主谓关系Ive no time to listen to your excuse. 同位关系She has a meeting to attend. （动宾关系=attend a meeting）Theres nothing to worry about. (动宾关系=worry about nothing)6. 作状语不定式可以作状语，表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。to, in order to , so as to (不能放在句首)作目的状语在soas to, such.as to, only to 结构中不定式作结果状语，其中only to用于表示意想不到的结果。enough to, tooto结构The boy isnt old enough to go to school.= The boy is too young to go to school.形容词（happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever等）+ 不定式结构eg. Im glad to meet you.The question is different to answer.He is hard to get along with.7. 作插入语，用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，如to be frank（坦白地说），to be sure（确实）等。Eg. To tell you the truth, I hate you.8. 作同位语The order to start the general attack soon came.不定式的进行式由to be + V-ing构成，用来表示谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。Eg. Some students pretended to be reading English when the teacher came in.不定式完成式由to have + V-ed构成，用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。不定式的被动式分为一般式被动to be V-ing和完成式被动to have been V-ed。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动语态。动名词1. 动名词的句法功能：动名词由动词加ing构成，与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用，在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。作主语，可以直接放在句首，也可以用先行代词it作为形式主语，而把动名词后置。Seeing is believing. (眼见为实)Saying is easier than doing.Collecting stamps is a good hobby. (单个动名词短语作主语时，动词用单数)动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表答法：It is no use (good) + 动名词：做某事没有用Eg. Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收)There is no + 动名词 (= It is impossible to do sth.)Eg. There is no knowing what may happen.（未来的事无法知道）作表语：通常是说明主语的内容，注意它与谓语动词进行时的区别eg. His hobby is collecting stamps. (此句为SVC结构) 可改为：Collecting stamps is his hobby.Cf. He is collecting stamps. (is collecting是谓语动词进行时，此句为SVO结构)不能改为：Collecting stamps is he.作宾语A. 作及物动词 的宾语(enjoy, mind, finish, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, escape, pratise, suggest, keep(on), miss)eg. 2020年上海卷No.32He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost答案为B有些动词（attempt, begin, continue, hate, like, love）后面既可以接不定式作宾语，也可以接动名词作宾语，意义差别不大。通常认为用动名词泛指一般的倾向性，用不定式则表示特定或具体某一种动作。Eg. I like swimming but I dont like to swim in winter.动词prefer后面接不定式作宾语时，句子结构与按动名词作宾语是不一样。eg. I prefer to drive rather than to be driven.I prefer driving to riding.有些动词，如forget, remember, regret等，后面接动名词表示的动作先于谓语动词动作，不定式表示的动作后于谓语动词。在下列句型中动名词作真正宾语：动词+it（形式宾语）+宾补+动名词（真正宾语）eg. I think it no use telling them.We think it no good inviting to him.B. 作介词的宾语be used to doing 习惯于做；look forward to doing 盼望做；devote ones life to doing 致力于做；spent time (in) doing 花时间做；be fond of doing 喜爱做；be good at doing 擅长做；be proud of doing 为做而自豪；be tired of doing 对做感到厌倦；feel like doing 欲想做； go on doing 继续做（原来的事）；keep on doing 不停地做；what about doing 做怎么样；think of doing 考虑做；be interested in doing 对做感兴趣；have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing 做某事有困难；be busy (in) doing 忙于做；instead of doing 做而不做作定语swimming pool waiting room walking sticka sleeping car=a car for sleeping a sleeping child= a child who is sleeping作同位语eg. Thats the queens full-time job, laying eggs.2动名词的逻辑主语人称代词做逻辑主语时应用所有格，即形容词性物主代词。Do you minding my smoking here?逻辑主语是不定代词或指示代词时，很少用所有格，而用普通格。He was awakened by someone knocking the door.Theres no need for that being done.逻辑主语是名词时，用所有格，但是如果名词为无生命物体时，则用普通