高中英语 Unit3 Words and Expressions学案1 新人教版选修7

Unit3 Words and Expressions1. yell vi. 叫喊;吼叫(声)(+at)+ abouteg: He yelled with pain. 他痛得直叫。Dont yell at me.She yelled at him about his constant drunkenness. 她大嚷大叫说他总是烂醉如泥。vt. 叫喊着说,大声嚷道(+out)eg: She yelled a warning to us. 她大声警告我们。Everybody in the building yelled out in terror.The crowd yelled out encouragement at the players. 人们叫喊着为选手打气。n. 叫喊;吼叫Ceg: I heard a yell inside. 我听到里面一声喊叫。2. ahead of 1) (在空间或时间上）更前，更早eg :The building is completed ahead of schedule. 这座楼提前完工了。The train arrived five minutes ahead of schedule. 火车提前5分钟到达。2) 处于（某人/某事物）的领先地位，比更先进，领先。eg: She was always well ahead of the rest of the class. 她在班上总是遥遥领先。His ideas were ahead of his time. 他的思想比他所处的时代先进。get ahead of 超越 By working hard, he got ahead of the rest of the class.3. depth n.1) 深度,厚度UCeg: The young man dived to a depth of 40 feet. 那个青年人潜到四十英尺的深度。The ice is ten feet in depth. 冰有十英尺深。2) (知识等的)深奥;(感情等的)深厚Ueg: We have expressed the depth of our gratitude to them.我们向他们表示了深切的谢意。3) 深处;深渊the Peg: Scientists used to believe that there was no life in the depths of the ocean.科学家过去认为海洋深处没有生物。He ventured into the depths of the forest. 他大胆地走进树林深处。deep; deeply均可作副词，表示“深深地”。区别如下：(1)修饰动词时，deep 比 deeply 常用；表示空间、时间、程度或说明事物的静止状态时常用 deep，不用 deeply。例如：They slept deep/deeply for eleven hours last night.他们昨天晚上酣睡了十一个小时。I sat deep in the crowd. 我坐在人群深处。be deep in debt 债台高筑be deep in thought 深入沉思do sth. deep into the night 一直做到深夜(2)修饰形容词、分词及某些抽象意义的动词时用 deeply。意为“深深地，深厚地，深切地”，例如：We are deeply grateful for your help. 我们非常感激你的帮助。He was deeply moved by their story.(3)在被动结构中，deeply 常用于过去分词之前；deep 常用于过去分词之后。例如：The oil-pipe lines were deeply buried.(The oil-pipe were buried deep.) 输油管深埋地下。close; closely high; highly wide; widely4. abandon vt.1) 丢弃;抛弃,遗弃eg: The crew abandoned the burning ship. 水手们离弃了燃烧中的船。The broken bike was found abandoned by the river side.人们发现那辆损坏的自行车被扔在河边。2) 放弃,中止eg: He finally abandoned his reformist ideas. 他终于放弃了自己的改良主义思想。3) (与oneself连用)使放纵;使听任;完全屈从于（某种情感或冲动）(+to)eg: She abandoned herself to despair.她陷入绝望之中。5. aware a.1) 知道的,察觉的, 意识到F(+of)+that+wh-eg: I am well aware that this is a tough job. 我深知这是一件棘手的工作。She was not aware of having done wrong. 她没有意识到做错了事。It happened without my being aware of it. 事情在我不知不觉中发生了。2） (与副词连用)有.方面知识(或意识)的He is an artistically aware young man. 他是个懂艺术的青年。6. scare vt.1) 惊吓,使恐惧O8eg: They are scared that the ship might be wrecked. 他们怕船失事。My mother is scared to fly in a plane.我母亲怕搭飞机。He was horribly scared.他惊恐万状。The thunder scared the children. 雷声吓着了孩子。2) 把.吓跑(+away/off)eg: The watchdog scared away the thief by barking. 看门狗大声吠叫吓走了窃贼。3) 把.吓出来(+out/up)eg: She was scared out of her wits. 她被吓得不知所措。vi. 受惊(+at)eg: My horse scares easily. 我的这匹马容易受惊。n. 惊恐;惊吓S 大恐慌Ceg: You did give me a scare. 你可真把我吓了一跳。There was a rabies scare in town. 城里发生了狂犬病恐慌。Reading1. On the afternoon I arrived at the station as I was sorting out my accommodation.* when, as, while在引导时间状语从句时的主要用法：when表示“当的时候”。从句中既可用延续性动词，又可用非延续性动词，这些动词既可以表示动作，又可表示状态。从句中的动作既可和主句的动作同时发生，又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。如： When I came into the room, I found him lying there asleep. Mary was having dinner when I saw her. When you meet a word you dont know, consult the dictionary. She was beautiful when she was a girl. as表示当时一面一面，随着。其具体用法如下：1) 表示当时、和同时。常指从句的动作未结束，主句中的动作就已发生。从句中多用表示动作的动词，而不用be动词或表示感觉、理解、知道这类动词。 As he stood there, he saw two men enter the bar. She dropped the glass as she stood up. As I was walking down the street, an American asked me for directions to the nearest station.2) 用于平行的动作中，表示一面一面。常指一个主语同时进行两个动作。如： He sang as he worked. The students took notes as they listened.3) 用于平行发展的结构中，表示随着。常指一个行为是另一个行为的结果，或一种状态随另一种状态变化。句中的动词多表示状态的发展变化。 As the wind rose the noise increased. As it grew darker it became colder. As he grew older he became more confident.While表示在的时候、在期间。它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中。While从句中必须是表示动作或状态的延续性动词。如： Never get on or off a bus while it is in motion. The weather was fine while we were in Beijing. She called while I was out.如果主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生，从句常用进行时。如： While we were swimming someone stole our clothes. Dont talk so loud while others are working.通过以上分析我们可以看出，when, as, while引导时间状语从句时，侧重点有所不同。 1)When可指时间点，又可指时间段，从句中可用延续性动词，也可用非延续性动词。 2)While总是指一个时间段，从句中必须用延续性动词。 3)as多用于平行结构。表示两个动作同时发生：一个主语同时进行两个动作：一种状态随另一种状态的变化而变化。 * sort out 挑选出; 整理出; 解决eg: He sorted out the papers to be thrown away. 他把要处理掉的文件挑了出来。sort out from 把.从.挑出来 sort oneself out 处理某人自己的事sort sth/sb out 处理某物(或某人); 整治某物(或某人)2. In the distance we could see that something was happening.distance n.1) 距离;路程CU(+to/from/between)It is a long distance from New York to Hongkong. 纽约离香港很远。The house stands on a hill and can be seen from a distance of two miles.2) 远处the SThey saw a few houses in the distance. 他们看到远处有几所房子。3) 时间的距离to look back over a distance of fifty years 回顾过去50年的时间In the distance 在远处 at a distance 不太近3. The fish didnt seem to mind me swimming among them.mind n.1) 头脑,智力CUeg: He has a brilliant mind. 他智力超群。2) 记忆力Ueg: It completely slipped my mind. 对此,我一点也记不起来了。3) 意向CUeg: He has a good mind to quit that job. 他很想辞去那份工作。4)主意;意见,想法Ceg: Two days later he changed his mind. 两天后他改变主意了。5) 精神,心Ueg: I have your safety in mind. 我记挂着你的安全。change ones mind 改变主意 make up ones mind 下定决心set ones mind to(do) 专注于做 keep. in mind 牢记come into ones mind 浮现在脑海vt. 1) 注意,留意,记住要+(that)+wh-eg: Mind the wet paint. 当心油漆未干。2) (用于否定句和疑问句中)介意,反对W+v-ing+if-+wh-O8O4eg: Do you mind if I put my bag here? 我把袋子放在这儿你不介意吧?Would you mind switching