高中英语 Unit5 Nelson Mandeladoc同步教材导学 新人教版必修1（通用）

Unit 5Nelson Mandelaa modern hero【单元导航】Nelson MandelaImagine growing up in a country where drinking out of the wrong water fountain might get you thrown into jail；where a man might have the very same job as his neighbor，but because of the color of his skin，get paid less in a year than the other man made in a week；where the government told you that your ancestors and their ways of living were wrong and savage and not even human.Sounds like a futuristic (幻想未来的) film，doesnt it? Well，for Nelson Mandela，this was not a movie.Growing up in South africa under the apartheid system of government meant these things，and worse，which were part of his daily life.But Nelson Mandela was a fighter.Instead of bowing down to this unjust system of government，he became a lifelong warrior in the battle to free South Africa.Today，thanks to the selfsacrifice of Nelson Mandela，apartheid has been outlawed.Everyone in South Africa now has an equal opportunity at home and at work to live comfortable，productive lives.Nelson Mandela is one of the worlds true freedom fighters.Section OneWarming Up and Reading.Leadin1.What words will we use to describe a person?kind，honest，brave，loyal，happy，wise，smart，friendly，warm，cheerful，popular，generous，hardworking，diligent，weak，stupid，lazy，dishonest，mean，tense，cold，unkind，miserable，dull，strongminded，determined，etc.2.Can you name some great people?3.What are the qualities that great people have in common?intelligent，never give up，help others，never lose heart when in great trouble，insist on what they pursue，set up an aim，get on well with others，be active insociety activities，be willing to do public service，do their best，etc.速读课文，回答下面的问题What did Mandela do?He set up a law office to help black people on their problems.He helped Elias to get the necessary papers to stay in Johannesburg.He founded the ANC Youth League.He first chose to attack the law in a peaceful way.He encouraged violence against the government.His dream was to make black and white people equal.精读课文，回答下列问题1.True or False?(1)Elias met Nelson Mandela at school.(F)(2)Nelson Mandela was a black lawyer.(T)(3)Elias was unable to read or write because he was lazy.(F)(4)Nelson Mandela helped him keep his job.(T)(5)Elias was happy blowing up government buildings.(F)(6)Nelson Mandela believed that black people were being treated as well as white people inSouth Africa.(F)(7)Nelson Mandela thought violence was a good way to help black people.(F)(8)The government were happy with Nelson Mandela and the ANC.(F)2.Work out the year and Elias age to fit the events in his life. YearElias ageEvents(1)1940bornElias was born.1946(2)6Elias (3)began school.1948(4)8Elias (5)left school.Elias got a job but was worried about (6)losing it.1952(7)12(8) Elias met Nelson Mandela.He joined (9)the ANC Youth League.1963(10)23He helped Mandela (11)blow up some government buildings and helped to fight for their (12)equality.3.根括每一部分的大意Part (Paras.12)：The life of Elias before he met Nelson Mandela.Part (Paras.35 )：The change of Elias life after he met Nelson Mandela and whatMandela did.4.回答下列问题(1)Why did Elias support Nelson Mandela?Because Nelson Mandela used to help him in Johannesburg.And Elias joined theANC Youth League which was organized by Nelson Mandela.(2)What problems did the black people like Elias have?Black people had no vote and could not choose who ruled them.The parts of townwhere they lived were places decided by white people.They could not get jobs theywanted.The places where they lived were the poorest areas in South Africa.No onecould grow food there.(3)Why did Elias support violence when he did not agree with it?Because he wanted to realize their dream of making black and white people equal.与同桌讨论、理解下列长难句并尝试翻译成汉语1.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.句子结构分析：when I first met Nelson Mandela修饰先行词the time。翻译：第一次见到纳尔逊曼德拉的时候是我一生中最困难的时候。2.After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine.句子结构分析：after在本句中的词性是介词，后接名词或动名词。翻译：几经周折，我在一家金矿找到一份工作。3.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，untiltoday we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.句子结构分析：本句的主语是the last thirty years；where we have almost no rights at all是先行词a stage的定语从句。翻译：过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻碍了我们的进步，一直到今天我们还一直处于毫无权利可言的地步。4.we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fightthe government.句子结构分析：in which引导的定语从句，其先行词是a position；either.or.意为“要么要么”。翻译：我们被置于这样一个境地，要么接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府做斗争。5.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.句子结构分析：本句中only修饰状语then放在了句首，所以用倒装结构。翻译：只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力抵抗暴力。.小组讨论1.Is it fair to treat others badly for things they cannot change，like the color of skin or eyes or therace one belongs to? Give your reasons.2.What do we call it when some people are badly treated because of their race and others not？Section TwoLanguage Points1. And what qualities does a great person have？一个伟人有什么样的品质？I want some meat of the best quality.我要一些质量最好的肉。They spoke of his fine qualities as a modern painter.他们(还)谈到了他作为一名当代画家的优秀品质。One quality of this plastic is that it is almost unbreakable.这种塑料有个特点是不易断裂。quality，词性名词，意为“质量”时是不可数名词，意为“品质，性质”时是可数名词。of great quality意为“具有高质量的”，可作定语和表语。(1)The goods are of poor .A.quantity B.qualitiesC.quality D.quantities答案C(2)Courage is one of the best of a good soldier.A.quality B.quantity C.qualities D.feature答案C2. A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.伟人就是把自己的一生致力于帮助他人的人。I dont think we should devote any more time to this question.我认为我们不应该在这个问题上花更多的时间。He devoted his whole life to teaching.他把毕生精力献给了教学。devote，词性动词，意为“奉献，献身；投注”，常与介词to搭配，构成devote.to.结构，to是介词，后接名词或动名词。devote oneself to意为“致力于，献身于”；devoteones life to意为“把某人的生命献给”；devote ones energy to意为“把某人的精力献给”。devotion n.(与to连用)献身；忠诚；热心；专心devoted adj.热心的，忠诚的；恩爱的；献身的；专心于的；专用于的He is devoted to his country.他精忠报国。Theyre a devoted couple.他们是一对恩爱夫妻。This is a magazine devoted to childrens literature.这是一本儿童文学刊物。(1)他献身于帮助穷人。He devoted himself to helping the poor.(2)四年来，他全力倾注于音乐。For four years，he devoted himself to music.(3)她把精力都献给了和平事业。She devoted her energies to the cause of peace.3. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights andprogress，.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，National Day saw people singing and dancing happily in the street.国庆节那天人们在大街上载歌载舞。The old house saw the changes in the big family.这座老房子见证了这个大家庭的变迁。本句的主语是the last thirty years，不是表人的而是表时间的。在英语表达中，有时用表时间或地点的词作主语，可使语言显得生动形象，此时的谓语动词常用see或find。(1)随后几年，她在许多剧中扮演角色。The following years saw her act in many plays.(2)第二天清晨人们发现这小女孩躺在街上，死了。The next morning found the little girl lay on the street，dead.4. .until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.一直到今天我们处于毫无权利可言的地步。She left the stage at 60.她60岁的时候离开了舞台。Their firm is at the stage of development.他们的公司处于发展阶段。Her illness has developed to the stage where nobody can cure her.她的病已发展到没人能治的阶段。stage，词性名词，意为“舞台；阶段；时期”，其后接的定语从句常用where引导，相当于at which或in which。point，situation，case(情形；案例)，occasion(场合)，position等名词后接定语从句时，其关系词常用where。.we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fightthe government.我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。There is one point where Id like your advice.有时我也乐意听取你的建议。Imagine that you are in a situation where no one believes in you.设想你在一个没人信任你的环境中。(1)We are in a position we may lose a large sum of money.A.where B.which C.that D.when答案A(2)You have come to the stage you cant understand yourself well.A.for which B.at whichC.with whichD.about which答案B5. Black people couldnt vote or choose their leaders.黑人们不能选举或选择自己的领导人。They voted her their headmistress.他们选她做校长。He was voted the most promising new director.他当选为最有前途的新导演。Congress voted to increase foreign aid by 10%.国会表决通过增加10%的对外援助。The committee voted that the game should be put off.委员会投票决定比赛应延期。Vote for the man you can trust.选你能信赖的人。People voted against Henry.人们投票反对亨利。As we are not unanimous for this matter，lets vote on it.因为我们在这件事上无法一致同意，我们投票表决吧。(1)vote用作及物动词时，后可接单宾语、双宾语、动词不定式或宾语从句。vote sb./sth.投票支持(人或政党)vote双宾语选出或推举某人担任某职vote to do sth.投票去做某事votethat从句投票去做某事(2)vote用作不及物动词时，常与以下介词连用：vote for/against sth.投票赞成/反对vote on sth.就投票表决vote还可作名词，意为“选举；投票；表决”。The matter will be decided by vote. 此事将投票表决。In that country，people get the vote at the age of 18.在那个国家，人们年满18岁获得选举权。(1)Many people voted for (投票支持)Obama in the election of America.(2)Now we will vote on (投票)this project.(3)We Chinese women have the vote (选举权).6.Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到那时，我们才决定用暴力对付暴力。Only after the accident did he have his car inspected.直到那件意外事件后，他才叫人检查他的车子。Only by working hard can we succeed in doing everything.只有努力工作，我们做每一件事才能成功。Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth，which was a big surprise.昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他，这对他真是一个令人吃惊的消息。上列句式都用了部分倒装。当only修饰状语置于句首时，主句经常使用倒装结构。其结构为：Only状语助动词(情态动词或be)主语动词原形。only修饰主语时不用倒装语序。Only fifty of the original one hundred men came back.在原来的一百人当中，只有五十人回来了。(1)It was announced that only when the fire was under control to return to their homes.A.the residents would be permittedB.had the residents been permittedC.would the residents be permittedD.the residents had been permitted答案C解析句意为：据宣布，只有在火势被控制住的时候居民们才被允许回到家中。that从句中only引导的时间状语从句位于句首，主句需用部分倒装结构。(2)Only when I left my parents for Italy how much I loved them.A.I realized B.I had realizedC.had I realized D.did I realize答案D解析考查部分倒装。“only状语”放于句首时主句用部分倒装。(3)Only when Dr.Yang arrives able to be operated on?Yes，only save his life.A.is he；can he B.was him；he canC.is he；he can D.is him；can he答案C(4)Only then how much damage had been caused.A.she realized B.she had realizedC.had she realized D.did she realize答案D解析“only介词短语/句子”这一结构置于句首时，整个主句必须倒装。此外，由then可确定用过去时态。7. As a matter of fact，I do not like violence.but in 1963 I helped him blow up somegovernment buildings.事实上，我不喜欢暴力但1963年我却帮着他炸毁了一些政府的建筑物。As a matter of fact，I dont know the truth.说真的，我不知道事实真相。Can you lend me a pump to blow up my bicycle tyres?你能借给我个打气筒给自行车打打气吗？The bomb blew up.炸弹爆炸了。They blew up the old bridge and then built a new one across the river.他们炸毁了那座旧桥，然后在河上建了座新桥。as a matter of fact意为“事实上，实际上”，同义短语是in fact。blow up意为“使充气；爆炸”。blow away吹走(1)I would like a job which pays more，but I enjoy the work Im doing at themoment.A.in other words B.on the other handC.for one thing D.as a matter of fact答案B解析本题考查介词短语的用法。in other words换句话说；on the other hand另一方面；for one thing一则，常与for another thing连用，意为再则；as a matter of factin fact事实上。根据句意，B项正确。(2)The organization is going to the plane.A.blow away B.hide awayC.blow up D.put up答案C8 Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.伊莱亚斯身处困境时就去找曼德拉。I happened to be there when you were in trouble.当你有困难时我碰巧在那儿。He is ready to help those in trouble.他乐意帮助身处困境的人。in trouble意为“有困难”，在句中作表语或定语。trouble前无冠词。make trouble惹是生非get into trouble遇到麻烦ask for trouble自找麻烦have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难have trouble with sth.对有麻烦take (the) trouble to do sth.不辞辛苦地做某事(1)He was with the police.A.in danger B.in troubleC.in control D.in need答案B(2)Do you know the I have had finding your house?A.troubles B.difficultiesC.trouble D.difficult答案C9. Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal？为让黑人与白人平等，曼德拉为什么会求助于暴力？Turn to him for help if (it is) necessary.如果有必要可求助于他。She often turns to music for comfort when she is sad.她悲伤时常听音乐寻求安慰。There was no one in the street to whom I could turn for help at that time.那时大街上没有我能求助的人。turn to意为“转向；求助于；致力于”，其中to是介词，后接名词或动名词。(1)Shes having a lot of trouble with the new computer，but she doesnt know whom tofor help.A.turn to B.look forC.deal with D.talk about答案A(2)Through the economic reform，the economic situation of China much better than itused to be.A.turned intoB.turned offC.turned inD.turned out答案D(3)Do you know where my blue coat is?Dont bother to look for it.Im sure it will some day.A.turn out B.turn onC.turn up D.turn over答案C伊莱亚斯的故事我的名字叫伊莱亚斯。我是南非的一个穷苦的黑人工人。第一次见到纳尔逊曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。(当时)我才12岁，那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。他为那些穷苦黑人提供法律指导。他十分慷慨地给予我时间，我为此非常感激。由于我所受的教育很少，所以我需要他的帮助。我六岁开始上学。我仅仅在那里读了两年的学校有三公里远。我不得不辍学，因为我的家庭无法继续支付学费和交通费。我既不太会读，也不怎么会写。几经周折，我才在一家金矿找到一份工作。然而在那个时候，你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。糟糕的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心我是不是会失业。纳尔逊曼德拉给予我帮助的那一天是我一生中最高兴的日子。他告诉我要想在约翰内斯堡立住脚，应当如何获取所需证件。我对自己的未来又充满了希望。我永远也忘不了他对我的恩情。当他组织了非国大青年联盟时，我马上就参加了这个组织。他说：“过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。”他说的是真话。当时黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。他们不能做自己想要做的工作。他们所能住的城区都是由白人决定的。他们被打发去住的城外地区是南非最贫穷的地区。在那儿，没有人能够种庄稼。事实上，就像纳尔逊曼德拉所说的：“我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。我们选择向法律进攻。首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律，而当这种方式也得不到允许时，只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。”事实上，我并不喜欢暴力但是在1963年的时候，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。那是很危险的事情，因为如果我被抓住了，可能就会被关进监狱。但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。Section ThreeGrammar定语从句()1.What is the name of the town where we stayed last night?2.Oct.1,1949 was the day when the Peples Republic of China was founded.3.I dont know the reason why she looks unhappy today.4.The school in which he once studied is very famous.5.Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.由以上14例句可以看出，若定语从句所修饰的先行词在定语从句中作地点、时间、原因状语时，常用关系副词或“介词which”引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作状语；另外，当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常由“介词which/whom”引导，如例5。1.where表示地点，只能跟在表地点或场合的名词后，在定语从句中只能作地点状语。注意：where不在从句中作主语或宾语。Its one of the few countries where people drive on the left.Think of a place where we can go for dinner.2.when表示时间，只能跟在表时间的名词后，在定语从句中只能作时间状语。Oct.1,1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?3.why表示原因，通常跟在reason后引导定语从句，在定语从句中只能作原因状语。I dont know the reason why she looks unhappy today.This is the reason why( for which) he cried.4.介词which/whom结构(1)当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常由“介词which/whom”引导；关系副词有时也可以被此结构代替。Tomorrow I will bring here the magazine (that/which) you asked for.Tomorrow I will bring here the magazine for which you asked.(2)关系词whose常用“the名词of which”或“of whichthe名词”结构来代替。The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.(3)“介词which/whom”前可有some，any，none，both，all，neither，most，each，few等代词或者数词，表示部分与整体的关系。He loved his parents deeply，both of whom are very kind to him.In the basket there are quite many apples，some of which have gone bad.There are forty students in our class in all，most of whom are from big cities.【注意】1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for，look after，take care of等。This is the watch which/that I am looking for.()This is the watch for which I am looking.() 2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that。The man with whom you talked is my friend.()The man with that you talked is my friend.()【支招】如何判断关系代词与关系副词用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于关系词在从句中所作的句子成分，若关系词在从句中作状语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；若作宾语、主语或表语，则要求用关系代词。(1)Ill never forget the days I worked together with you.(2)Ill never forget the days I spent in the countryside.在句(1)中，要填的关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以填when；在句(2)中，要填的关系词在定语从句中作spent的宾语，所以应填that或which。.用where，which，when，why，whose填空1.Dorothy always spoke highly of her role in the play which made the others unhappy.2.I shall never forget the days when I lived in the country with my parents.3.The factory where his brother works lies in the south of the city.4.They took care of the old man whose son lost his life in the fire.5.The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is not clear.6.We visited a factory which makes toys for children.7.We visited a factory where toys are made for children.8.Summer is the season when I like to travel.将下列句子合并成带有定语从句的复合句1.Whats the name of the girl?Her grandapa took part in the Long March.What is the name of the girl whose grandpa took part in the Long March?2.The bus was the wrong one.Xiao Li was running after it.The bus which Xiao Li was running after was the wrong one.3.The wallet has been found.Mr. Hopkins was looking for it.The wallet which Mr.Hopkins was looking for has been found.4.The factory has been sold.He worked there ten years ago.The factory where he worked ten years ago has been sold.5.The day was enjoyable.We played on the beach on that day.The day when we played on the beach was enjoyable.6.Why is he so upset?The reason is unknown.The reason why he is so upset is unknown.Section FourUsing Language.速读课文，回答下列问题(1)What did Elias do when he was in prison?He studied and was taught by Nelson Mandela when he was in prison.(2) Finally，what did Elias take as his job？Did he enjoy it?His job was taking the tourists round his old prison，at first he didnt enjoyhis job but later he was proud to do this.精读课文，完成下列问题1.Elias was unhappy