高中英语：直击2020年之《高考优学》 语法专题——动词语态

高考资源网()来源：高考资源网版权所有：高考资源网(www.k s 5 )2020年高考风向标英语目 录第一部分 教材梳理必修一Unit 1 Friendship单元要点预览语言要点词语辨析词性变化重点单词重点词组重点句子课文要点课文词汇填空课文大意概括课文佳句背诵与仿写单元自测Unit 2 English around the world单元要点预览语言要点词语辨析词性变化重点单词重点词组重点句子课文要点课文词汇填空课文大意概括课文佳句背诵与仿写单元自测Unit 3 Travel journal单元要点预览语言要点词语辨析词性变化重点单词重点词组重点句子课文要点课文词汇填空课文大意概括课文佳句背诵与仿写单元自测Unit 4 Earthquakes单元要点预览语言要点词语辨析词性变化重点单词重点词组重点句子课文要点课文词汇填空课文大意概括课文佳句背诵与仿写单元自测Unit 5 Nelson Mandelaa modern hero单元要点预览语言要点词语辨析词性变化重点单词重点词组重点句子课文要点课文词汇填空课文大意概括课文佳句背诵与仿写单元自测必修二Unit 1 Cultural relics单元要点预览语言要点词语辨析词性变化重点单词重点词组重点句子课文要点课文词汇填空课文大意概括课文佳句背诵与仿写单元自测Unit 2 The Olympic Games单元要点预览语言要点词语辨析词性变化重点单词重点词组重点句子课文要点课文词汇填空课文大意概括课文佳句背诵与仿写单元自测Unit 3 Computers单元要点预览语言要点词语辨析词性变化重点单词重点词组重点句子课文要点课文词汇填空课文大意概括课文佳句背诵与仿写单元自测Unit 4 Wildlife protection单元要点预览语言要点词语辨析词性变化重点单词重点词组重点句子课文要点课文词汇填空课文大意概括课文佳句背诵与仿写单元自测Unit 5 Music单元要点预览语言要点词语辨析词性变化重点单词重点词组重点句子课文要点课文词汇填空课文大意概括课文佳句背诵与仿写单元自测必修三Unit 1 Festivals around the world单元要点预览语言要点词语辨析词性变化重点单词重点词组重点句子课文要点课文词汇填空课文大意概括课文佳句背诵与仿写单元自测Unit 2 Healthy eating单元要点预览语言要点词语辨析词性变化重点单词重点词组重点句子课文要点课文词汇填空课文大意概括课文佳句背诵与仿写单元自测Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note单元要点预览语言要点词语辨析词性变化重点单词重点词组重点句子课文要点课文词汇填空课文大意概括课文佳句背诵与仿写单元自测第二部分 语法专题专题一 冠词专题二 名词专题三 代词专题四 数词专题五 形容词和副词专题六 介词专题七 情态动词专题八 非谓语动词专题九 动词和动词短语专题十 动词的时态专题十一 动词的语态专题十二 句子种类专题十三 名词性从句专题十四 定语从句专题十五 状语从句专题十六 倒装句和省略句专题十七 强调句专题十八 虚拟语气专题十九 主谓一致专题二十 直接引语和间接引语第三部分 高考题型讲练听力完形填空语法填空阅读理解信息匹配基础写作读写任务第二部分 语法专题版权所有：高考资源网()版权所有：高考资源网()专题十一 动词的语态1. 被动语态的时态。动词的被动语态由动词be加上过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.一所藏书五千册的图书馆作为礼物被送与国家。The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.因为糟糕的天气运动会将被延期。 When the firefighters arrived, the big fire had been put out.当消防员赶到时，大火已经被扑灭。2. 短语动词的被动语态。由“动词+副词+介词”构成的三词动词和一些以介词结尾的成语动词变被动语态时要避免遗漏介词。The book is often referred to. 这本书经常被参考。3. 不及物动词没有被动语态。例如：appear，arrive , belong, break (开始，突变)，come true，die，escape，fall，happen，last，remain，succeed，take place，occur等。The news quickly spread in the country. 消息很快传遍这个国家。4. 有些动词尽管是及物动词但也不能变为被动语态。如：have on，agree with，write to，belong to，have等。I quite agree with you.我十分同意你的观点。His brother owns a large company. 他的兄弟有家大公司。5. 有些动词的主动形式表示被动含义。这类动词是一些表示主语的特征、性质的不及物动词。如：sell，wash，wear，shut，open，read，write，cut，end，begin等；连系动词look，feel，taste，smell，sound等，也是用主动形式表示被动意义，但后面要接形容词做表语,不能接副词。The cloth looks good and washes well. 这种布料美观易洗。6. 有些动词形式上是被动的，但含义是主动的。He was dressed in a policemans clothes at that time.他当时穿着警服。He was drunk at the dinner.他在宴会上喝醉了。The girl was lost in the forest.这女孩在森林中迷路了。 My uncle has been engaged in the study of cotton growing for 20 years.我叔叔从事棉花生产研究已经20年了。The boy was seated on a chair.那男孩坐在一把椅子上。They are hidden behind the trees.他们躲藏在树后。The soldiers were stationed on the top of the mountain.士兵们驻扎在山顶上。7. 注意系表结构和被动语态的区别。前者往往表示主语所处的“某种状态”或是表示“某人引起某种感情”的动词的过去分词；后者则强调动作的执行者或强调动作的反复性过程。直击高考1. How long _ at this job?Since 1990. (2020北京)A. were you employed B. have you been employedC. had you been employed D. will you be employed2. What happened to the priceless works of art?_. (2020北京)A. They were destroyed in the earthquakeB. The earthquake was destroying themC. They destroyed in the earthquakeD. The earthquake destroyed them3. If city noises _ from increasing, people_ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. (MET1992 )A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to 4.Do you like the material? Yes, it _ very soft. (MET1994 )A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt5. I need one more stamp before my collection _. (MET1994 )A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 6. All the preparations for the task _ , and were ready to start. (NMET 2000春)A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed 7. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. (NMET 2001春)A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose 8. A new cinema_ here. They hope to finish it next month. (NMET 2001春)A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built 答案与分析1. B 从答语Since 1990我们可以知道，说话人问的是一段时间，since表示“从过去一直到现在”，因此本空用现在完成时。2. A 本题考查时态语态与习惯表达。第一个说话人问的是发生在the priceless works of art的事情，因此回答时为了有所侧重，将they放在主语的位置上，they与destroy间为被动关系，在这里叙述过去的事情，因此最佳答案是A。3. A 在真实条件状语从句中，主句应用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。还要注意city noises和keep是被动关系4.C 从形式上看，该句很像是被动语态，结果选D的考生有一些。而实际上feel是摸起来的意思，与后面的soft是系表结构。作为此意讲时，feel没有被动语态，也不可用作进行时，故A、D、B项不可选。本题区分度为0.357，通过率为35%。5. D 该题的考查目标是时间状语从句中时态和语态的用法。从原题的主句时态看出，从句中应该用一般现在时。而complete与collection构成动宾关系，所以用被动语态。故D最佳。本题区分度为0.451，通过率为4l%。6. D All the preparations与complete之间应为被动关系，故排除A、B。依据were ready to start，故排除C。7.B此题是在if引起一个状语从句中，从句用现在时，主句中用一般将来时，而且句意为被动，故B为最佳。 8. D 从后面的提示看，这项工程没有完工，故应正在建设之中，而且是被动语态，故D为最佳。专项训练1. After the class，the students went out of the classroom one by one, but only Mary_.A. left B. had left C. was leaving D. was left2. The teacher told the students that they_ to be useful men to the country.A. were all expected B.were all expectingC. all were expected D. all expected3. He_in a shower last night and got wet through.A. caught B. was caught C. had caught D. caught up 4. The thief_ when he was stealing a wallet from a woman.A. happened to notice B. was taken place to notice C. was happened to be noticed D. happened to be noticed 5. He_ and was made to repeat it.A. didnt understand B. didnt be understoodC. wasnt understand D. wasnt understood 6. The pupils here_ all kinds of exercises every day in the past few weeks.A. kept busy doing B. keep on doingC. have kept busy doing D. have been kept busy doing7. What were you doing when Tom came to see you?I _on my overcoat and _ to visit a friend of mine.A. have just put; leaving B. was put; was leftC .had just put; was leaving D. was putting; left8. They said good-bye, hardly knowing that they _again.A. were never met B. will never meet C. never met D. were never to meet9. What happened to the postman?I dont know. He_ around here for a long time.A. hasnt seen B. didnt see C. wasnt seen D. hasnt been seen10. Dont get that ink on your shirt, for it_.A. wont wash out B. wont be washed outC. isnt washed out D. doesnt wash away11. Do you know anyone in Paris?No. Ill make friends once_.A. Im settled B. I have settled C. Ill be settled D. Im settling12. Not having finished his homework,_ to watch TV.A. Mother forbade him B. so he was forbidden C. and he wanted D. he was forbidden13 . Bob, you_ on the phone._.A. are needed; Im coming B. are wanted; ComingC. are called; Ill come D. are rung up; Thanks14. E-mail, as well as telephones,_ an important part in daily communication.A. is being played B. are playing C. have played D. is playing15. Jackson_ to work in government office though he hated serving there.A. wanted B. was wanted C. was wanting D. had wanted16. Your cough ought _ before it gets worse.A. to see B. to be seen C. to see to D. to be seen to17. Im going away for the weekend.But you _you_ out to dinner with me.A. say; will come B. say; cameC. said; would come D. have said; will made18. I dont know what decisions _ at the conference as John hasnt reported to me yet.A. would make B. will make C. are made D. were made 19. Would you have come to his help, had you been free?Yes. But I_ engaged.A. was B. were C. had been D. would be20. All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start.A. completed B. completeC. had been completed D. have been completed答案与分析1. D leave既可作“离开”解，又可作“留下”解。本题明显含有“Mary被留在教室里 (by the teacher)”之意。 2. A 此句用被动语态，表示“他们被期待、被指望”，all常置于be动词或第一个助动词之后。3. B 表示“淋雨”、“碰上阵雨”时，若“雨”作主语，用主动形式，动词用catch；若“人”作主语，则用be caught in结构。 4. D happen，take place不用于被动语态，但happen to (碰巧) 之后的不定式可以用被动语态。本题的notice与主语thief是动宾关系，故用不定式的被动形式。 5. D 从He.was made to repeat it可推断他的话未被理解，故用被动形式。6. D keep sb