中考命题研究（贵阳）2020中考英语 语法专题突破 专题八 动词（无答案）

专题八动词第一节动词的分类及辨析,贵阳五年中考命题规律考查点年份题号考查角度选项设置分值动词词义辨析202070动词词义辨析study/work/practice1分202060动词词义辨析doing/climbing/answering1分61动词词义辨析enjoy/like/mind1分63动词词义辨析writing/heaving/telling1分69动词词义辨析trained/excited/taught1分202036动词词义辨析worried/remembered/forgot1分59动词词义辨析save/waste/lend1分61感官动词辨析sounds/looks/feels1分202046动词词义辨析mind/keep/like/remember1分60感官动词辨析smell/taste/look1分62动词词义辨析passed/failed/forgot1分65动词词义辨析agreed/refused/answered1分202061动词词义辨析left/came/smile1分70动词词义辨析receive/accept/give1分37感官动词辨析feels/sounds/tastes/smells1分47动词词义辨析liked/hated/found/lost1分50动词词义辨析happened/changed/ended/appeared1分贵阳中考单项选择对动词的考查主要涉及动词(包括实义动词和感官动词)、动词短语、情态动词、非谓语动词(只考查动词不定式)。完形填空中也涉及实义动词词义辨析，而词语运用中对动词的考查主要是和时态相结合。预计2020年贵阳中考单选仍会从动词短语、情态动词、动词不定式方面来考查。完形填空主要考查动词词义辨析。,贵阳中考重难点突破动词的分类实义动词是否接宾语及物动词不及物动词是否延续性延续性动词短暂性动词系动词助动词情态动词动词分类【考点抢测】()1._ everyone here today？Now lets begin the meeting.ABeBAreCIs()2.He _ pale at the meeting this morning.Agot Blooked Cturned()3.I _ go to bed until I finished my work.Adont Bdid Cdidnt()4.He said that he dropped his bag when he _ running for the bus.Awas Bwere Care()5.He _ an English club last year and has made great progress in English.Aprotected BproducedCjoined()6.If you want to change the world，you have to _ yourself first.Aenjoy Bcheck Cchange()7.I will meet Jane at the station.Please _ what time she will arrive.Acount Bchose Ccheck()8.It is helpful to _ a good habit of reading in language learning.Atake Bshow Cdevelop()9.The man over there _ be Mr. Smith.He has gone to Hong Kong.Amust Bmay Ccant()10.According to the new traffic law，everyone in a car _ wear the belt.Acan Bmay Cmust【满分点拨】动词按照含义及它们在句中的作用分为4类，即行为动词，也称实义动词，(连)系动词、助动词和情态动词。情态动词将在第三节中具体讲解。贵阳中考侧重于感官动词的考查，偶尔也涉及实义动词的辨析。动词作为句子的核心成分，学生应重点掌握。1动词的分类动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词分为四类：实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。(1)实义动词的用法(及物动词与不及物动词)实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其是否跟宾语分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)；按是否具有延续性分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思表达完整，如reach，ask，return，love，need。具体用法为：动词宾语。如：He reached Canada yesterday.他昨天到达加拿大。动词宾语宾语补足语。如：They asked me to go fishing with them.他们让我一起去钓鱼。I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园里玩。注意：带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的常考动词有：make，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等。动词间接宾语直接宾语。如：I will return the storybook to him.我准备把故事书还给他。注意：带双宾语的常考动词有：give，bring，buy，get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell，reach，return等。不及物动词不及物动词本身意思完整，无须接宾语，构成“主语谓语”的句型，如swim，come，go，run，travel等；如后面接宾语，必须与介词连用。如：Lucy is swimming.露西正在游泳。I am waiting for you at the school gate.我正在校门口等你。有些动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。如：We study English.我们学习英语。(及物)We study hard.我们学习努力。(不及物)The little girl is singing an English song.这个小女孩正在唱一首英语歌曲。(及物)The little girl sings well.这个小女孩唱歌很好。(不及物)(2)系动词的用法系动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。常考系动词的分类类别功能例词表示状态表示主语所处的状态am，is，are，was，were表示持续表示主语继续或保持某种身份和状态keep，remain，stay，stand，lie表示感官表示人体感官的系动词look，feel，smell，taste，sound表示状态变化表示主语从一种状态变换到另一种状态become，get，go，grow，turn常见用法的注意事项：一般情况下，系动词没有被动语态形式。表示状态的系动词一般不用于进行时(feel除外)；变化系动词表示“渐渐”，可用于进行时。如：Its getting warmer and warmer.天气渐渐变得暖和。(3)助动词的用法助动词本身没有意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数。此外，还可以用来构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。具体用法见下表：分类作用beam/is/are现在分词现在进行时was/were现在分词过去进行时be过去分词被动语态do形式有do，does，did，用于构成疑问句和否定句，或用在动词前加强语气havehave/has过去分词现在完成时had过去分词过去完成时havebeen现在分词现在完成进行时will/shallwill/shall动词原形一般将来时would/should动词原形过去将来时【易错点提醒】will，would，shall，should除了表示单纯的将来时间以外，更多的是用作情态动词。(4)情态动词的用法(具体用法和习题详见本专题的第三节情态动词)2动词的基本形式英语动词有五种基本形式，即：动词原形、第三人称单数(现在时)、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。形式构成例词动词原形不带to的动词不定式形式be，do，have，come第三人称单数一般在动词原形后直接加sworkworksreadreads以s，o，x，z，sh，ch结尾的动词，后加esgogoeswashwashes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加esflyfliesstudystudies过去式与过去分词一般在动词原形后直接加edworkworkedstaystayed在以e结尾的动词后只加dcloseclosedlikeliked以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加edstudystudiedcarrycarried以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加edstopstoppedplanplanned现在分词一般在动词原形后直接加ingsleepsleepingwaitwaiting以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加ingsmilesmilingmovemoving以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加ingsitsittingdigdiggingplanplanning少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加ingdiedyinglielying动词辨析【考点抢测】一、词语运用。join，wear，smell，cost1We need to buy a computer that _ least and has the best quality.2Why are you _ a Tshirt？Youll probably catch a cold in this very cold weather.3Mom，this kind of fruit _ nice.Id like to taste one.二、单项选择。()4.You are _ to type quickly when talking to each other on QQ so the other person doesnt get bored.AsuggestedBsupportedCsupposed()5.His family are worried about him because they havent _ letters from him for a long time.Aaccepted BreceivedCwritten()6.Daisy is such a good daughter that she _ most of her spare time with her parents.AspendsBcostsCtakes()7.Try to _Do not depend on your dictionary all the time.Aknow Bachieve Cguess()8.Dont forget to _ “Thank you！”when someone helps you.Atalk Btell Csay()9.The roof of the house needs repairing.Its raining now.Youd better get something to _ rain drops.Acontrol Bcover Ccatch()10.Oh，it _ so nice.What beautiful music it is!Asmells Bsounds Ctastes()11.I really enjoy the noodles and vegetables.They _ delicious.Astay Bfeel Ctaste【满分点拨】分析贵阳近几年的中考真题不难看出动词辨析是贵阳中考的一个必考点。主要涉及实义动词辨析，感官动词辨析等。这种题目多会在单选和完形填空中出现。这种题目主要考查学生平时对单词的记忆。第二节动词短语,贵阳五年中考命题规律考查点年份题号考查角度选项设置分值动词短语202033动词短语辨析dont_be_late/keep quiet/no eating1分41up短语辨析look it up/clean them up/cheer_him_up1分45down短语辨析turn down/put down/cut_down1分65动词短语辨析hand up/show off/catch_up1分69down短语辨析knock_down/broke down/went down1分202038out短语辨析look out it/work_it_out/give it out1分56up短语辨析wake_up/hurry up/give up1分58动词短语辨析climbed up/looked_down/ran away1分59动词短语辨析climbing ladders/cleaning_windows/openingthe door1分202037动词短语辨析takes_after/takes out/takes away1分39get短语辨析get_in/get up/get on1分68talk短语辨析talk_with/talk about/talk aloud1分202042up短语辨析fix_up/set up/put up1分58fell短语辨析fell off/fell_into/fell down1分63动词短语辨析drive a car/take flying lessons/fly_a_plane1分70get短语辨析got_in/got on/got_out1分202034look短语辨析look_after/look at/look for1分45up短语辨析dress him up/pick him up/cheer_him_up1分贵阳中考单项选择题对动词短语的考查主要偏向get，look，up，out，down短语等。考查形式主要集中在三个方面：同一动词不同介词，如2020年34题的look短语，2020年58题的fell短语；不同动词同一介词，如2020年45题的down短语；不同动词不同介词，如2020年的65题。设题形式为简单句，词数多为913。预测2020年贵阳中考的单项选择、完形填空题会考查动词短语辨析，另外词语应用中，从方框中选词填空也会涉及动词短语辨析的考查。,贵阳中考重难点突破【考点抢测】()1.Its hot today，isnt it?Yes，it is.Why not _ your jacket?Atake careBtake placeCtake off()2.To keep healthy，many people _ every day.Atake a shower Btake prideCtake exercise()3.I have _ my watch everywhere.But I cannot find it.Alooked at Blooked upClooked for()4.Again and again the doctor _ the crying baby girl but he couldnt find out what was wrong with her.Alooked over Blooked afterClooked for()5.There arent many tickets left for the concert，so youd better _ that you get one today.Amake sure of Bmake a decisionCmake sure()6.The firemen soon _ the big fire.Aput off Bput upCput out()7.The Olympic Games of 2020 will _ in Brazil.Atake after Btake offCtake place()8.Well _ an English play Snow White during this years Art Festival.Alook up Blook outCput on()9.Because of the bad weather，we have to _ the meeting till next week.Atake off Bget offCput off()10.My bike is broken.Could you help me to _？Afix it up Bset it upCmake it up()11.The heavy snow didnt _ the international airlines.Apay attention to Badd toCmake a difference to()12.This morning I _ some new restaurants on the Internet for I wanted to take Mia to a nice restaurant for her birthday.Apicked up Blooked upCcleaned up()13.Alice，could you help me _ the meat？I want to make some dumplings for dinner.OK.Ill do it right away.Aput up Bgive upCcut up()14.Dont _ so often.Its bad for your health.Aget up Bstay upClook up()15.He failed in the math test and looks sad.Lets _.Aput him up Bset him upCcheer him up()16.More and more students _ too much homework and they are really tired of it.Acomplain about Bcare aboutClearn about()17.Its cold outside._ your sweater before you go out.APut on BTurn onCPut up()18.The people in Yaan have met lots of difficulties，but they havent _ hope.Apicked up Bgiven upClooked for()19.I am too tired.I dont know how to _ the problem.Acare about Bdeal withCdepend on【满分点拨】动词短语在意义上相当于一个实义动词。动词短语辨析是近年来各省市中考常考点，同一个动词与不同介词或副词的搭配、不同动词与同一个介词或副词的搭配会产生不同意义的动词短语。动词短语的词义辨析试题旨在通过题干或微型语境考查考生对上下文的理解、动词短语的不同搭配识别、记忆及动词短语词义的辨析并恰当运用动词短语的能力。分析贵阳近5年中考真题可看出单项选择对动词短语的考查主要集中在三方面：(1)同一动词不同介词；(2)不同动词同一介词；(3)不同动词不同介词。A同一动词不同介词。如：get短语：get up，get off，get to，get inturn短语：turn on，turn off，turn up，turn downB不同动词同一介词。如：cut down，look down，turn down，put downput up，get up，look up，wake upC不同动词不同介词。如：put on，take off，look for，cut down第三节情态动词,贵阳五年中考命题规律考查点年份题号考查角度选项设置分值情态动词基本用法202044should基本用法will plant/should plant/should_be_planted1分情态动词表推测202038must表肯定推测must_belong_to/cant belong to/may be1分202032cant表否定推测might/cant/neednt1分202045must表肯定推测cant be/must_be/can be1分情态动词为贵阳历年的必考点，主要为其基本用法和词义辨析，如：may在疑问句中表请求，neednt表示没必要，cant表否定推测和不能。特别是must的各种用法，如：must表肯定推测和强制命令。尤其注意在have to和must的问句中，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt或dont have to。同时，也涉及情态动词在被动语态中的运用。设题形式多为单句或对话形式，且词数为1016。预计2020年贵阳中考的单项选择题会出现一道考查情态动词基本用法的题，且偏向考查must，cant表推测的用法。,贵阳中考重难点突破【考点抢测】()1._ you sing an English song?Yes，I can.ACanBMayCMust()2.Theres only one day to go.You _ finish your schoolwork by tomorrow.Acan Bwill Cmust()3.Excuse me，sir.You _ open the door before the train stops.Amustnt Bneednt Cmay not()4.From March 23rd，2020，anyone under the age of 14 _ go into Disneys US parks alone.Acouldnt Bmustnt Cneednt【满分点拨】情态动词有一定的词义，本身并不表示动作或状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度。它在句中须和实义动词一起构成谓语。常见情态动词的用法情态动词用法例句can表示能力，意为“能、会”Sam can speak English well.Sam英语讲得很好。表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句She cant be at home now because I saw her out.她现在不可能在家，因为我看见她出去了。表示请求、允许，意为“可以”Can I borrow your bike？我能借你的自行车吗？couldcan的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力Lang Lang could play the piano well when he was young.郎朗很小的时候钢琴就弹得非常好。在疑问句中表示委婉的请求Could I have one cup of tea？我可以要一杯茶吗？must表示主观看法，意为“必须、应该”You must finish your homework first！你首先必须完成你的家庭作业！表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句，表示“一定”The coat must be Marys because her name was on it.这个大衣肯定是玛丽的，大衣上面有她的名字。should/ought to意为“应该”，表示要求和命令，也可以表示劝告或建议We should protect the air fresh.我们应该保持空气清新。You ought to teach them carefully.你应该耐心地教导他们。may表示请求、许可，意为“可以”You may sit here if you want.如果你想的话，你可以坐在这儿。表示推测，常用于肯定句，意为“可能，也许”She may come back tomorrow，but I am not sure.她可能明天回来，但是我不确定。mightmay的过去式He asked if he might go home.他问是否他可以回家了。表示请求、许可，语气比may更委婉Might I smoke here？我可以在这里吸烟吗？表示推测，常用于肯定句，意为“可能、也许”(可能性比may小)It might rain tomorrow.明天可能有雨。need表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中You neednt say sorry to him.你不需要对他说对不起。情态动词的其他用法一、must和have tohave to表示因外部因素而使得某人“不得不”；must表示主观上感到“有必要”。此外，must只有一般现在时，表示“过去”通常用had to，表示将来要用will have to。have/has/had to动词原形，在改否定句或疑问句时要外加助动词do/does/did。如：She has to stay at home and look after her sick mother.她得待在家里照顾生病的妈妈。Does she have to stay at home and look after her sick mother？她得待在家里照顾她生病的妈妈吗？Must I go there with you？我必须和你去那儿吗？二、can和be able to两者表“能力”时用法相同，但can只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式，其他时态要用be able to来表示。另外，be able to常常有“做成了某事”的意味。如：Jim cant speak Chinese.吉姆不会说中文。We will be able to see him next week.下个星期，我们将会看到他。三、can和may1can和may均可用来表示请求或许可，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用。如：Can/May I help you？我能帮助你吗？2can与may表示可能性时