外文文献及翻译：基于单片机的电子称设计-pdf

本科生毕业设计（论文）外文翻译毕业设计题目： 基于单片机的电子称设计学 院：专业班级：学生指导教师：2011年 3 月 9日Electronic scalesElectronic scales are weighing technology in a new type of instrument iswidely used in various occasions. Electronic scales and mechanical scales havemore small size, light weight, simple structure, low price and practical value ofstrong, convenient maintenance and so on can be in a variety of environmentalwork, the weight of the signal can be Remote, the weight of display is easy toimplement digital, easy-to-computer network, production automation, higher laborproductivity. Scale labels in the supermarket is in the application of face value. Asmall label contains: name, price, weight, etc. 11 list in this small electronic label.Greatly accelerated the use of label machine sales pace, but also convenient forcustomers. Top barcode labels have many remarkable features of scale, Ethernetfeature makes the management more convenient.Electronic Scale Classification (scales can be divided into mechanical andelectronic type)1 How it works: electronic works in electronic components (weighingsensor, AD conversion circuit, microcontroller circuits, display circuit, keyboardcircuitry, communications interface circuits, regulated power supply circuit circuit.2 using the function: electronic weighing the use of modern sensortechnology, electronics and computer technology integration, electronic weighingdevices, in order to meet and solve real lifes fast, accurate, continuous,automatic weighing requirements, while effectively eliminating human error, tomake it more in line with the management of legal metrology and industrialproduction process control applications.3.Three health scales are weighing the use of features in a category(divided into mechanical and electronic), inexpensive, it can help people toeffectively monitor their own body weight changes, new products also can detecttheir fat content, but also Some human-oriented subsidiary functions. May not bepart of measuring equipment.4 Electronic Scale is a measurement of the state compulsory test apparatus,and his qualified products are test indexing the value of D values of e andsubdivision standards, is subject to the protection of the national metrologyproducts. In the electronic weighing there is a category called human scaleproducts, which can test in the measurement sector, weighing very precise.Block diagram interpretation of the principle of electronic balanceThe first part of the electronic scale principle block diagram:Program K / B (button) Fx Sensors OP Zoom A / D converter CPU display driver display memoryWorkflow Note: When an object on the pan when the pressure facilities to thesensor that occurred deformation, so that resistance to change, while the use ofexcitation voltage changes, the output of a change in analog signal. This signalamplification by the amplifier output to the ADC. Converted to facilitate theprocessing of the digital signal output to the CPU operator control. CPU under thekeyboard commands and program output to display this result. Until the show sucha result.The second part of the scale of the classification: 1. According to principlesof points: E-scale mechanical scale mechanical and electrical integration scales 2.According to the functions sub: Counting Scales Weighing Scale Pricing Scale 3.Purpose: Industrial Commercial Scales Special Scales BalanceThe third part of the scale types: 1. The full name of the desktop Scale refersto the volume of less than 30Kg electronic scale 2. The full name of platform scalerefers to the volume within the 30-300Kg Electronic Scale 3. Loadometer fullname refers to the volume of more than 300Kg Electronic Scale 4. PrecisionBalance4th Part of the accuracy of classification: I Class: Special scales precision 1/ 10 Wan II level: high-precision scale 1 / 10000 precision of 1 / 100,000 III:the accuracy of scale 1 / 1000 precision of 1 / 10000 Class IV: Common Scale 1/ 100 precision of 1 / 1000Part V of professional terminology: 1. Maximum weighing: an electronbalance, excluding tare weight, the maximum load can weigh; 2. Minimum weigh:a electronic scales below the value that would have occurred when a relativelyerror; 3. safe load: 120% of the normal weighing range; 4. Rated load: normalweighing range; 5. permissible error: class test when the maximum deviation; 6. asense of quantity: a single electronic scales can show the smallest scale; usuallyd to represent; 7. analytic capacity: a function with a count of the electronicscales, can distinguish the smallest scale; 8. Resolution: a counting function withan electronic scale, the internal capacity of a Resolution of a parameter; 9.Warm-up time: a scale used to achieve the targets of the time; 10. Accuracy: Thefull name of a sense of volume and volume ratios; 11. electronic scale use ofenvironmental temperature: -10 degrees Celsius to 40 degrees Celsius 12. platformscale The table size: 25cm X 30cm 30cm X 40cm 40cm X 50cm 42cm X 52cm45cm X 60cmPart VI electronic scale features: 1. To achieve long-distance operations; 2.To achieve automatic control; 3. Figures show that an intuitive, reduce humanerror; 4. High accuracy and resolution strong; 5. Weighing range is wide; 6 .unique features: buckle weight, withholding weight, zero, accumulated, warning,etc.; 7. maintenance simple; 8. size is small; 9. installation, calibration simple; 10.special industry, can be accessed by the printer or computer-driven; 11. Intelligentelectronic scale, quick reaction, high efficiency; Part VII of the electronic scaleinspection process: 1. First, the overall examination: whether the wear and tear; 2.Whether the boot: the boot sequence is from 0 to 9 in turn shows that figures arevague, can zero; 3. Whether the backlight ; 4. with the weight tests in weighing; 5.chargers is intact, can use; 6. parts are complete; Part VIII sensor type: 1.Resistive: affordable, high accuracy, widely used; 2. Capacitive: small size, lowprecision; 3. Maglev-style: special high-precision, high cost; 4. Hydraulic formula:the current the market has been eliminated; Display Type: 1.LCD (liquid crystaldisplay): free electricity, energy-saving, with backlight; 2.LED: free electricity,power consumption, very bright; 3. Lamp: electricity, power consumption , high;K / B (button) type: 1. film button: contact type; 2. mechanical buttons: made upof many individual combinations of keys together; sensor characteristics: 1. ratedload; 2. output sensitivity; 3. non-linear; 4. hysteresis; 5. repeatable; 6. creep; 7.12:00 output effects; 8. rated output temperature; 9. 12:00 input; 10. inputimpedance; 11. output impedance; 12. Insulation Resistance ; 13. to allowexcitation voltage; (5-18V)Part IX sensor damaged phenomenon: 1. Weighing not allowed; 2. Shows noreturn to zero; 3. Shows the number of bounce to judge the sensor + E,-E, + S,-S 1.The first to use resistance profile measurement 4-line 22 This resistance value, atotal of 6 groups. The case of 400-450, compared with Europe + E,-E; if it is 350in Europe, compared to + S,-S; for the 290 in Europe, compared to R-arm; 2. +E,-E terminated on the + 1.5V voltageSensor correctly to exert a pressure, such as the output + _S increase, thenthe red table pens as + S, the contrary-S; 10th part of the high-precision countingscale features: 1.Kg/Ib unit conversion functions; 2. 12:00 display rangeadjustment function (GLH series does not) 3. Sampling speed adjustment function;4. There are 10 groups memory function singlet; 5. may be at the same time theweight, quantity, the cumulative function (GLH only the number of cumulative) 6.can set the weight, the maximum amount of warning function; 7. automatic zerotracking, temperature linear correction; 8. deduction of withholding heavy weightand function; 9. Standby function; 10. there is zero shows zero tracking range andscope; 11. there is the battery voltage control to limit the function; Electronicscales are weighing technology in a new type of instrument is widely used invarious occasions. Electronic scales and mechanical scales have more small size,light weight, simple structure, low price and practical value of strong, convenientmaintenance and so on can be in a variety of environmental work, the weight ofthe signal can be Remote, the weight of display is easy to implement digital,easy-to-computer networking, process automation of production and improvelabor productivity. Electronic Scale also has an automatic zero tracking, overloaddisplay of self-extinguishing characteristics.Mechanical scales, floor scale / land in the value (car value), weigh-bridgesand other fitted force-sensitive sensors and microcomputer-controlled intelligentweighing instruments become intelligent digital electrical and mechanical balance(or the mechanical and electrical dual-use scales), to improve the mechanicalbalance of the measurement accuracy, with low cost, high reliability, simpleinstallation and so on, without prejudice to the original mechanical scales to anytransmission bearing structure. There are peeled, set to zero, the cumulativenumber of times, the cumulative weight (cumulative amount of valuation-based),auto-zeroing, auto-tracking and other functions. Weighing data can be directlyprinted or transmitted via computer networks, industrial processes can improve thelevel of scale and product quality, trade clearing with the scale can improve thecredibility of incalculable social and economic benefits.Electronic Scale is basically a sensor, amplifier circuit, A / D conversioncircuit, microcontroller control of display parts, switch matrix circuit, thekeyboard circuit and power circuit. Weight sensor signals are converted to acorresponding electrical signal, after amplified into the A / D converted into pulsesweight, through the SCM under the control of the analog voltage signals intodigital. The digital conversion by the SCM program in line with the actual weightof the value of sending the number of display windows.MCU at the same time the keyboard and switch matrix for monitoring.According to the input parameter values, the program handled accordingly. Powercircuit to provide the various parts of the operating voltage. Microprocessors suchas 8050, HDF, 8031, etc. CPU. Highly versatile motherboard, differentvalues of range and sub-degree scales, just adjust the jumpers on the motherboardand the DIP switch can be achieved, the only difference is that the sensor usedwith a rated carrying capacitySensor is a physical device or biological organ that can detect and feel theoutside of the signal, physical condition (such as light, heat, humidity) or chemicalcomposition (such as smoke), and Discovery of information to other devices ororgans. Definition of sensorNational standard GB7665-87 sensor is defined as: can feel the requirementsare measured and converted in accordance with the laws of certain signal device ordevices available, usually composed of sensitive components and conversiondevices. Sensor is a detection device, can feel the information being measured,and can detect sense of information, according to certain laws of transformationinto electrical signals, or other forms of information required for output to meetthe information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording and controlrequirements. It is the automatic detection and control of the primary link.The role of sensorPeople in order to obtain information from the outside world must help ofsense organs. And rely on peoples own sense organs, the study of naturalphenomena and laws, and production activities in their functions on far enough.To meet this situation, we need sensors. It can be said sensor is an extension ofhuman senses, also known as electronic features.The arrival of the new technological revolution, the world entered theinformation age. In the course of the use of information, we must first resolve is toobtain accurate and reliable information, and sensors is to obtain information inthe field of natural and production of the main ways and means.In modern industrial production, especially automated production process, theuse of various sensors to monitor and control the various parameters of theproduction process, so that devices work best in the normal state or condition, andto achieve the best quality products. Therefore we can say, without a large numberof good sensors, modern production base will be lost.In the basic science research, a more prominent position sensor. Thedevelopment of modern science and technology into many new areas: for example,thousands of light years to observe the macro level of the vast universe, to observemicroscopically small particles cm the world, vertical, to observe the evolutionover hundreds of years of celestial bodies , a short response to the s moment. Inaddition, there was even a matter of deepening understanding, developing newenergy, new materials, play an important role in a variety of extreme technologysuch as ultra-high temperature, ultra-low temperature, high pressure, ultra-highvacuum, powerful magnetic field, ultra-weak magnetic bagging, etc. . Obviously,to obtain a large number of human senses can not directly access the information,Not compatible with sensors is impossible. Many basic scientific researchobstacles, first of all to obtain information on the object is difficult, and a newhighly sensitive detection mechanism and the emergence of sensors, often lead tobreakthroughs in the field. The development of a number of sensors is often apioneer in the development of marginal subjects.Sensor has already penetrated into, such as industrial production, spacedevelopment, marine exploration, environmental protection, resource survey,medical diagnostics, biotechnology, and even conservation areas and so most ofthe pan. It is no exaggeration to say that, from the vast space, the vastness of theocean, as well as a variety of complex engineering systems, almost every modernproject, are inseparable from a variety of sensors.Thus, the sensor technology in economic development, promote the importantrole of social progress is very clear. Countries in the world attach great importanceto the development of this area. I believe in the near future, there will be a leap insensor technology, to achieve status commensurate with its important new level.Sensor classificationDifferent views can be classified on the sensors: they transform principle(Transducer on the basic physical or chemical effect); their purpose; their outputsignal types and the production of their materials and processes.Working principle of the sensor can be divided into physical sensors andchemical sensors two categories:Sensor working principle of the classification of physical sensors thatphysical effects, such as the piezoelectric effect, magnetostriction, ionization,polarization, thermal, optical, magnetic and electric effects. Small changes in theamount of the measured signal will be converted into electrical signals.Chemical sensors, including those with chemical adsorption, electrochemicalreaction, a causal relationship between the phenomenon of the sensor, themeasured signal will be small changes in volume converted to electrical signals.Some sensors can not divided into physics, can not be divided into chemicalclasses. Most of the physics-based sensor is functioning. Many problems ofchemical sensor technology, such as reliability issues, the possibility of massproduction, prices, etc., solve such problems, the application of chemical sensorswill have tremendous growth.Dynamic characteristicThe so-called dynamic characteristics, is the change in the input sensor, itsoutput characteristics. In practice, the sensors dynamic characteristics common tocertain standards of its response to said input signal. This is because the sensorresponse to the standard input signal easily obtained by experime