河北省邢台市2020年中考英语二轮复习 书面表达讲义

书面表达经过全面的、细致的一轮对课本的复习及梳理后，我们要进行专项的复习及集训。书面表达在河北省中考中分值为15分，是考查学生综合运用英语能力的一种题型，它要求考生根据所给情景和要求写一篇短文，文章内容要符合所给的情景和要求。一个英语成绩优异的学生，他的书面表达水平应当在一档的水平。相反基础薄弱的学生难以取胜。它是英语水平的试金石。中考作文的题材，内容的设置再变，但是在说明中第二页考试内容中对于学生写作技能的要求没有变。有这些关键的字眼，我们需要注意：进行信息沟通，再现生活经历，描述周围事物，发表意见和观点。能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明。一、写作技巧书面表达要求句子要通顺，它既像作文又不完全是作文，因为书面表达有提示和要求两部分。“提示”一般包括与写作内容紧密相关的信息;“要求”一般包括对短文的文体、格式及字数的要求。我们不能离开情景和要求自行立意、选材，随意发挥。它类似汉译英，但又不同于汉译英，因为我们必须根据所给材料进行适当地发挥，切中题意，语言准确，条理清楚，书写规范。为此我们要做到以下几点，按要求完成题目，取得良好的成绩。1、审题要仔细仔细阅读“书面表达”的提示及要求，有给文字背景材料的，有看图作文的，还有两者兼而有之的。对于文字材料，我们要仔细阅读其内容，并对材料中所给的信息进行筛选，抓住重点，进行立意，否则，会导致书面表达的错误率升高，甚至逻辑不清，文不对题。对于看图作文，我们把几幅画面联系起来，若是漫画式的，一般主题鲜明，图画中多余的内容很少，读起来比较容易理解。若是写实式的，图画中与主题无关的内容较多，有时容易被细小问题所纠缠而不能明确主题，所以要仔细审题，领会作者究竟想表达一个什么样的中心思想，然后再分别去描述。2、行文要正确读完提示与要求之后，就要对提供的信息或画面进行语言上的组织，要用英语进行思维，有的学生习惯用汉语打底稿，再逐句翻译，这样一方面浪费时间，另一方面容易写成汉语式的英语。要学会用英语思维，直接用英语表达，使文章意思连贯，语言流畅，逻辑严谨。3、语言要严谨尽量使用自己熟悉的已经掌握的词汇和句型，长短句子要结合，尽量使用简单句，正确选择人称和时态。若一时想不起某个单词的拼写，可“ 绕道而行”， 由同义词或近义词来代替， 也可使用同义句或者正话反说。如“他英语学得很好” ，可以说He studies English very well./ He is good at English./ He does well in English. 或者His English isnt poor. 这是关键的一步，只有把握好这一关，才能有效地减少错误的发生。4、适当发挥适当发挥但不能脱离中心， 还要符合字数要求，切忌多多益善。古人云“言多易失”，你写得越多，出错的几率就越大，所以不可画蛇添足，为了语言的连贯性，适当使用过渡词，如and、then、so、or、but等，可使文章锦上添花。5、书写要规范卷面要清楚，书写要规范。卷面就像是人的脸面，干干净净，一尘不染最好。首先你就能得到一些感情分，即便有些错误，阅卷者也不愿意忍痛割爱。相反，字迹潦草，涂涂改改，肯定要被扣分，另外书写时要压格，这样会使字迹看起来更清楚、更漂亮。6、成文多查看文章写完后， 一定要回过头来认真检查，检查时注意以下要点文章是否符合题意要求，要点有无遗漏语言是否流畅，语法是否正确，包括单词拼写、大小写，标点符号;动词时态，语态，名词单复数，所有格，主谓一致，词语搭配等。总之，英语书面表达能力的提高是一个从量变到质变的过程，需要我们平时在学习中多注意，多积累，从根本上解决存在的问题，这样才有“一份耕耘，一份收获”，也才能让自己“下笔如有神”。二、句型积累1、那就是（说）；亦即That is to say,.That is ,.Namely,.That is to say, it is possible for it to show various colors.也就是说，它表现出多种多样的颜色是可能的。2、基于这个理由For this reason,.For this reason, prices can supposedly never go down.出于这个原因，可以推测价格不会下降。3、我们有理由相信.We have reasons to believe (that).We have abundant reasons to believe that he is a good comrade.我们有充分的理由相信他是一位好同志。4、事实上As a matter of fact,.in factAs a matter of fact, youve been there many times.事实上， 你曾有过太多次这样的体验5、例如For example,.Take.for example.Let me take Edison for example.让我以爱迪生为例。6、此外，我们不应忽视.Besides (In addition), we should not neglect.Besides, we should not neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society.此外，我们不应该忽视每个人都想要一个温馨祥和的社会。7、相反地on the contrary,.On the contrary, many people defended him.相反，很多人还为他进行辩护。8、另一方面On the other hand,.On the other hand, the public also should develop the good habit of reducing pollution.政府应严格执法另一方面大众也应该培养减少污染的好习惯。9、然而很可惜的是.However, it is a pity that.However, it is a pity that he always does not work hard.然而，很可惜的是他总是不用功。10、换言之in other words.to put it differentlyIn other words, you should read and speak English everyday.换句话说，你应该读每天读英文和说英文。11、别人可能认为这是事实，但我不是。我认为It may be true as assumed by others, but I dont. I believe that.It may be true as assumed by others, but I dont. I believe that if you have strong determination and perseverance, the success will certainly come to you in the end.别人可能认为这是事实，但我不是。我认为如果你有很大的决心和毅力，成功最后一定属于你。12、从此以后，我已发现Ever since then, I have found that.Ever since then, I have found that smiling is the best way to avoid any possible conflicts in our daily life.从此之后，我已发现微笑是避免我们日常生活中发生纠纷的最好办法。13、这样说来，假如当然毫无疑问地.In this light, If., there can surely be no doubt(that).In this light, if we can make good use of time, there can surely be no doubt that we will get somewhere.这样说来假如我们能善用时间当然毫无疑问地我们会成功。14、更严重的是.What is more serious is (that).What is more serious is that we do not cherish the wildlife.更严重的是我们不珍惜野生动物15、鉴于社会的实际需要In view of the practical need of society,.In view of the practical need of society, there are more and more people interested in learning English.鉴于社会的实际需要赂愈来愈多人对学英语有兴趣。16、如果能实践这三点If one can really put the three points into action (practice),.If one can really put the three points into action(practice), he will surely be able to live a healthy and happy life.如果能实践这三点，他肯定能过上健康和愉快的生活。17、做这些简单之事，我们一定可以By doing these simple things, we surely can.By doing these simple things， we surely can go out of the door happily and come back home safe every day.做这些简单之事，我们一定可以快乐出门平安回家。18、如此，我相信In this way, I believe (that).In this way, I believe that all the people may be able to enjoy the bus ride like me.例如此，我相信大家能够像我一样，享受乘坐公车的乐趣19、实践这些By putting them (the above) into practice,.By putting them (the above)into practice I have been able to make constant progress in intellectual education.实践这些，在智育方面我一直能不断进步。20、唯有通力合作，我们才能Only with combined efforts, can we.Only with combined efforts, can we expect our hometown take on a new look in due course.唯有通力合作，我们才能期望我们的家乡不久会有新的面貌21、最后，但并非不重要Last but not least,.Last but not least, I want to be able to spend more time with family and friends. 跟读最后但并非不重要，我希望能够花更多的与家人和朋友的时间。22、这证据显示.的重要性再怎么强调都不为过This evidence shows that the importance of.cannot be over emphasized.This evidence shows that the importance of traffic safety cannot be over emphasized.这证据显示交通安全的性在怎么强调都不为过23、由于这些理由，我.For these reasons, I.For these reasons, I think that receiving college education in Beijing is wise.例由于这些理由，我认为在北京接受大学教育是明智的24、总而言之In conclusion,.To sum up,.So, in conclusion, all of us need to be concerned about AIDS, not just gay people.所以结论是，所有人都应该关注艾滋病，而不仅仅是同性恋者。25、因此我们可以下个结论，那就是We can, therefore, come to the conclusion(that).We can, therefore, come to the conclusion that nothing is more precious than love in the world.因此我们能得出结论，那就是：爱是世上最珍贵的东西。26、如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问地If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt ( that ).If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that we can master English.如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问地，我们就能精通英语。27、因此，这就是.的原因Thus, this is the reason why.Thus, this is the reason why I caught a bad cold.因此，这就是我重感冒的原因。28、所以，我们应该了解.Therefore, we should realize (that).Therefore, we should realize the importance of electricity.因此，我们应认识到电力的重要性。29、因此，由上列的讨论我们可以明了.We therefore, can make clear from the above discussion (that).We therefore, can make clear from the above discussion that perseverance can overcome any difficulty.因此, 由上列的讨论我们可以明了毅力可以克服任何困难30、从观点来看From the point of view，.From the political point of view, Its a complex question.从政治的观点来看，这是一个很复杂的问题。三、书面表达中常用的连接词 1表选择关系或对等关系的连接词eitheror, neithernor, or, as well as, and, bothand. 2表因果关系的连接词therefore, so, as a result, as the result of, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to等。 3表时间顺序的连接词the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhile, at the beginning, in the end, before long, for the first time, the minute. 4表转折关系的连接词yet, and yet, but, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time 5表解释说明的连接词that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for example, for instance, and so on, etc, and the like, 6表递进关系的连接词not onlybut (also), whats more, whats worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all7表总结的连接词in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all 1)表层次: first, firstly, to begin with, further, in the first place second, secondly, to start with, still, furthermore third, thirdly, what is more, last, last but not least also, and then, next, besides and equally important too moreover besides in addition finally 2)表转折 by contrast although though yet at the same time but despite the fact that even so in contrast nevertheless even though for all that on the contrary however in spite of on the other hand otherwise instead still regardless 3)表因果therefore consequently because of for the reason thus due to owing to so accordingly thanks to on this account since as on that account in this way for as a result as a consequence 4表让步still nevertheless concession granted naturally in spite of all the same of course despite even so after all 5)表递近Further more moreover likewise what is more besides also not only.but also. too in addition 6)表举例 for example for instance for one thing that is to illustrate as an illustration a case in point 7)表解释as a matter of fact frankly speaking in this case namely in other words 8)表总结in summary in a word thus as has been said in brief in conclusion altogether in other words to conclude in fact finally in simpler terms indeed in short in particular that is in other words of course on the whole to put it differently namely in all therefore to summarize 四、题例训练1、假设你叫李磊，请你针对这封信的内容，给这位父亲写封回信，谈谈你的看法。要求：条例清楚，语义连贯，句式规范，字迹工整。词数80左右。Dear editor,Im sorry to trouble you. I have a daughter. She is 13 years old. She likes making telephone calls. As soon as he gets back from school, she picks up the telephone and calls her classmates. She talks and talks, sometimes for 2 or 3 hours. We cant use it. I tell him not to do it, but she is unhappy. What should I do?A worried father【步步点拨】1】. 本文主要谈如何纠正孩子爱打电话的问题，属于学生比较熟悉的话题。2】. 本文的格式是书信。特别要求学生注意称呼、正文、结束语和署名。3】. 问题的解决可从内因和外因两个方面出发。内因可以从学生的天职是学习去谈;外因可以去找老师，找同学的家长帮忙，也可以为她安装上部电话，让她付话费。4】. 本文属于论述文，要求在文章中有明确的观点，并用事例论证。2、每个人都有自己的心愿，有自己的希望，有自己想做的事情，例如：“I hope to be a good football playera singer.an astronaut（宇航员） ，“I hope that I can make more good friends.，I can learn more things and dosomething useful ”等。请写一篇短文或写一篇对话，表达你的意愿。_3、假设你是张斌，今年暑假你将参加学校组织的赴加拿大“绿色之旅”夏令营活动。请你准备一篇在开营式上的自我介绍发言稿。name , Zhang Bin , fifteen years old , live in Beijing , favorite subject , biology Interest Free Time ActivitiesFuture JobHopedrawinggo camping , draw pictures of plants , enjoy the singing of birds in nature biologist , grow up good friends , do ones best , make the earth Dear friends ,Im very glad to introduce myself to you . _Thats all . Thank you for listening .4、假如你是 Hope Middle School 的一名学生，请你用英语写一篇80个词左右的短文，向你的英国朋友介绍一下你们学校的概况(不得使用真实的人名、地名)。短文要包括以下几个方面的内容：1.校园(school campus) 2.老师和同学 3.学习情况短文的第一句已经给出。I am a student of Hope Middle School._5、 你们班上有一些外国留学生。明天要去南宁动物园参观。请你替班主任老师用英语写一篇有关动物园的介绍。包括以下内容：南宁动物园是广西最大的动物园，位于南宁市西郊。大约有200多不同种类的动物。我们将看到大象、老虎、熊猫和其他动物。动物是我们的朋友。我们应爱护他们。爱护动物是我们的美德。根据上文及以下英文提示词写一段话，所给词必须都用上。1. one of the biggest, lie in the west ，different ,kind 2. elephant