虚拟现实英文版PPT课件

.,1,Virtualrealitytechnology,.,2,Themaincontent,IOverviewIIVRhardwareandinteractiondevicesIIIVirtualRealityandGISnetworkIVVirtualrealitytechnologydevelopsVvirtualenvironmentmodelingandtoolsVIdevelopmentexample:VirtualCampusXianlinCampusofNanjingNormalUniversityVIIProspectsandProblemsAppendix:References,.,3,IOutline,Virtualrealityisthedevelopmentofcomputertechnologyishighlycrystallineandisreflectedinthevariousfieldsintheapplicationprocess,includingnotonlygraphics,imageprocessing,patternrecognition,networktechnology,parallelprocessingtechnology,artificialintelligenceandotherhigh-performancecomputingtechnology,butalsoinvolvesmathematics,physics,communications,andevenrelatedtometeorology,geography,aesthetics,psychologyandsociology.,.,4,I-IWhatisvirtualreality,Virtualrealityorvirtualenvironmentisgeneratedbyacomputerhavingspotfeelingenvironment,itisanewinteractivesystem.Virtualrealitytechnologyisessentiallyahighlyrealisticsimulationofhumanvisioninreallife.Hearing.Actionandotheractsofinteractivetechnology.Traditionalinformationprocessingenvironmenthasbeenapeopleadaptcomputer,whiletodaysgoalorideaistograduallymakecomputeradaptationandpeoplecalledfortheadoptionofsight,hearing,touch,smell,andbody,gestureorpassword,toparticipateintheinformationenvironmentaltreatedtotherebyobtainanimmersiveexperience.Thisinformationprocessingsystemisnolongerbasedontheone-dimensionaldigitalspace,butonamultidimensionalinformationspace.Virtualrealitytechnologyisakeytechnologytosupportthismulti-dimensionalinformationspace.,.,5,I-IIVirtualRealityFeaturs,ImmersionInteractionImagination,.,6,Immersion,vAnartificialcomputergeneratedvirtualenvironment,thisvirtualenvironmentisathree-dimensionaldigitalmodelsconstructedbycomputergraphics,programmedintoacomputertoproducerealisticvirtualenvironment,allowinguserstogenerateanimmersivevirtualenvironmentvisuallythefeeling,whichisasenseofvirtualrealitytechnologyimmersion(Immersion)orspotasenseofparticipation,.,7,Interaction,Modelandthetraditionalthree-dimensionalanimationandvirtualrealityareusuallygeneratedbyCADsystemsisnotthesame,itisnotastaticworld,butanopen,interactive,virtualrealityenvironmentcaninfluencebycontrollingandmonitoringdevicesorusersEffects,whichisthesecondfeatureVR,eraction(Interaction).,.,8,Imagination,Virtualrealityisnotjustademonstrationofmedia,butalsoadesigntool.Itreflectsthevisualformdesignerideas,suchaswhenthefrontcoverofamodernbuilding,thefirstthingyoudoisforthebuildingsstructure,beautifulideatododetailed,inordertomakequantitative,youneedtomanydesigndrawings,ofcourse,thesedrawingsonlyinsidersunderstand,virtualrealitycanputthisideaintoavisiblevirtualobjectsandenvironments,sothatinthepastonlywithtraditionalsandtabledesignpatternsupgradetodigital-per-viewincomethatisperfection,greatlyimprovingthequalityandefficiencyofthedesignandplanning.ThisisthethirdcategoryofVRhasfeaturesthatimagination(Imagination).,.,9,I-IIIVirtualRealityclassificaion,DesktopVirtualRealityImmersivevirtualrealityAugmentedRealityofVirtualRealityDistributedVirtualReality,.,10,I-IVThedifferencebetweenvirtualrealityandthree-dimensionalanimation,.,11,.,12,I-VVirtualrealitytechnologyusedintherealworld,Manygamemakers,inordertomakethegamemorerealisticcharactermovements,oftenwillusethemotioncapturesystem.Virtualrealitytechnologyuseinthefilm.Example:MatrixDisplayofgoods(suchashome,appliances,etc.),.,13,IIVRhardwareandinteractiondevices,Atypicalsystemconsistsofvirtualrealityspacedataacquisitionsystem,thehumandatacapturesystems,three-dimensionaldisplaydevice,aswellasthree-dimensionalcontrolequipmentandacomputersystem.Spatialdataacquisitionsystem,humandatacapturesysteminavirtualenvironmenttoestablishspacemodel;3Ddisplaydevice,athree-dimensionalcontrolequipmentbelongtothesamethree-dimensionalinteractiveequipment,designandmanufactureof3Dinteractivedevicesuperiorperformanceisthekeytovirtualrealitytechnology.,SpatialDataAcquisitionSystem,Humandatacapturesystem,ComputerSystemsSupergraphicsworkstations,Three-dimensionalcontrolequipment,3Ddisplaydevice,Collection,Alternately,.,14,SpatialDataAcquisitionSystem,Spatialdataacquisitionsystemtoobtaintimelyspatialdatathroughsatelliteremotesensing,aerialremotesensingandglobalpositioningsystems,andestablishinganaccurateandreliablevirtualrealityspaceenvironment.Remotesensingisanadvantageoftheinherentcharacteristicsofelectromagneticradiationreflectedfromanobjectandthroughimplementationofelectromagneticwaves,therearetechnicalenvironmentalconditionsandobjectrecognitionobject.,.,15,Humandatacapturesystem,Humandatacapturedevicethatcanrecordthebodyofpracticaldataandactions,includingthebodymovements,facialexpressions,physiologicalindex,smellandvoice.,.,16,Interactive3DEquipment,Common3Ddisplaydeviceandstereoscopichelmetmounteddisplayglasses.Helmetmounteddisplaywiththree-dimensionaldrawingtechniquestoproducetwospacedapartperspective,anddirectlydisplayedtotheusercorrespondstotheleftandtherighteyeontwomonitors.Thenewhelmet-mounteddisplaysareaccompaniedbymagneticpositionsensor,canmeasurethedirectionoftheuserslineofsight,sothescenecanchangeastheuserslineofsightandmaketheappropriatechanges.,.,17,Interactive3DEquipment,Acommonfeatureofthethree-dimensionalspacecontroldeviceiscapableofcontrollingatleastsixdegreesoffreedom(DegreeofFreedom),correspondingtothethree-dimensionalobjectdescribingthewidth,height,depth,pitch(pitch)angle,rotation(yaw)angleandyaw(roll)angle.Commonthree-dimensionalcontroldevicehasdatagloves,trackball,three-dimensionalprobe,three-dimensionalandthree-dimensionalmousecontrolleverandthelike.Theemergenceofthedataglove,virtualrealitysystemprovidesanewinteractivetoolthatcanprovideuserswithaveryrealandnaturalthree-dimensionalinteractivetools.,.,18,High-performancecomputersystems,High-performancecomputersystemprocessingtechnologyincludesdataconversionanddatapreprocessingtechnologies;real-time,realisticgraphicsimagegenerationanddisplaytechnology;multidimensionalinformationdatafusion,datacompression,andgeneratethedatabase;multiplesoundsynthesisandsoundspacetechnology;includingcommandrecognition,voicerecognition,anddetectgesturesandfacialexpressionsofinformation,includingapatternrecognition;distributedandparallelcomputing,andhigh-speed,large-scaleremotenetworktechnology.,.,19,IIIVirtualrealityandnetworks,GIS,Virtualrealitytechnologynowcombinesthelatestresearchresultsinvariousdisciplines,includingtheresultsofcomputerscience,communicationnetworktechnology,geographicinformationsystems,remotesensingscienceandotherareas.Themaincontentsofthissection:VirtualGISNetworkVirtualGISDistributedGISGeographicalsynergy,.,20,III-IVirtualGIS,Developmentofcomputerscienceandhuman-computerinterfacetechnologyingraphics,especiallythepromotionofvirtualrealitytechnologyforGISprovidesanewanalysisgeosciencedataandtechnologyplatformtoexploreissues,andpromotetheGIStechnologywithvirtualrealitytechnologyandvisualizationfusiontechnology,expandingthemulti-dimensionalGIS,three-dimensionalGISinparticularconnotationstudyprovidesnewspatialdataanalysismodelsandnewGISapplicationmode.CurrentinternationalcallthisvirtualrealitytechnologyandscientificvisualizationtechnologydesignedmultidimensionalGISsystemcalledVirtualGISsystemVirtualGIS(VGIS).,.,21,III-IINetworkVirtualGISpresentation,CombinedwiththecurrentdirectionofthevirtualnetworkisaGISdevelopment.Combinedwithnetworktechnology,networkvirtualGISnotonlyforpeopletoanalyzespatialdataandspatialproblemsolvingnetworkprovidedbythetechnologyplatform,throughimmersivevirtualrealitymodelforpeopletointeractthroughvirtualgeospatialoffersthepossibility,therebyforthestudyofvirtualgeographicalenvironmentprovidesanidealplatform.,.,22,NetworkVirtualGISarchitecture,1.AGISisavirtualnetwork-basedGIS,virtualrealitysystemwiththeGISClient-linkingprovidesasimplespatialanalysisortoanalyzetheresultsofGISintovirtualrealitysystemtosupportvirtualrealitysystemdataformat,forvirtualrealitysystemstoobserve;2.AnothervirtualGISisbasedonadistributedvirtualrealitysystem,extendtheabilitytosupportspatialdatatypesinavirtualrealitysystem,providingsimplespatialanalysis.,.,23,TheoverallstructureofWEBvirtualGIS,.,24,III-IIIGISsystemarchitecturesroleinthenetworkvirtual3.3CORBA,CORBAisoneofthemainstreamcomputingplatformfordistributedobjects,CORBAplatformtobecomewidelyacceptedbythecomputerindustry,andisfullyopentothedistributednetworkplatform.CORBAisadistributedobject-baseddesignhavingscalability,security,loadbalancingandfaulttolerance,real-time,specialperformancerequirementsforthedesignofdistributedsystemsprovidearationalplatform.CORBA-basednetworkplatformtodesignvirtualGIS,byreusingtheCORBAnetworkstructureandbasicnetworkservicesgreatlysimplifyvirtualdifficultyGISnetworkarchitecturedesignbasedonvirtualGISCORBAallowsthenetworktousemoreflexiblenetworkarchitecture.,.,25,CORBA-basednamingservicenetworkVGISsystemimageconceptmap,-,.,26,III-IVVGEandgeographicsynergies,VirtualGeographicEnvironments,isanavatar-basedmulti-userdistributedintelligentthree-dimensionalvirtualenvironment,adigitalgeo-spatialphenomenaandlawsofaparticulargeographicalenvironmentwithmulti-channel-awareexpression,calculationandsimulation,integratedmanagementoftheEarthcanbeusedformulti-dimensionalinformationandmultimediaintegratedpublishing,interactive/innovativeblendofstyleearthscienceresearch,andotherdistributedcollaborativeplanning,designanddecision-making.,.,27,Useravatar,Inthevirtualgeographicenvironments,bothuseravatarcancommunicatefacetofaceinthesamevirtuallocation.Theincarnationasanexpressionofrealusers,anditssourcecancontainvisual,auditoryandeventasteavarietyofinformationsources,etc.,sothattheuserhasasenseofimmersioncanbeimmersivefeelitselfisavirtualgeographicenvironmentspart.Seeingandhearingotherinformationsourcesmaybeco-workerstocommunicatewhattherealattitudesandemotions,isanimportantpartofcommunicationbetweenco-workersinvirtualgeographicenvironments,andanalysisofgeographicdatainplanninganddecision-makingalsoplaysaveryimportanteffect.,.,28,ACMode,Forvirtualgeographicenvironmentisnotonlyarealgeographicalbackground,butalsotoprovideareliableplatformfortheexchangeofinformationco-workersare.Tothisend,weneedmoreresearchonhowtoimprovecommunicationmodesbetweenpeopleandenhancevariousexchangesavatarinvirtualgeographicenvironmentsbetween.Currently,inaccordancewiththetimelinessoftheexchangeofclassified-Non-real-timecommunication:e-mailandbulletinboardInstantcommunication:interactive,real-time,includingthetraditionaltwo-dimensionalscenes,three-dimensionalscene,streamingmediatechnologyandintegrationmode.,.,29,IVThemaindevelopmentofvirtualrealitytechnology,VRMLXMLX3DJava3D,VRML,XML,地理实体,X3D,JAVA3D,Inthevirtualrealitytechnology,VRML/GeoVRML,XML,X3D,GMLandJava3Dtechnologystrengthscomplementeachother,theuseofgraphicalmodelingcapabilitiesVRML,XMLinternationalization,structured,modularfeaturesandpowerfulJavanetworkprogramminglanguage,togetherformapowerfulvirtualrealityenvironments.,.,30,IV-IVRML,In1994,thefirstsessionoftheInternationalInternetConferenceinGeneva,Switzerland,proposedtocreateathree-dimensionalnetworkinterfacetofacilitatenetworktransmissionVRML.In1995,VRML1.0versionlaunched.In1996,basedonthe1.0versionofthemajorimprovementsintroducedinversion2.0,whichaddsinteractivescenarios,multimediasupport,collisiondetection.In1997,afteranassessmentstandardsorganizations,VRML2.0becometheinternationalstandard,andrenamedtheVRML97.,.,31,VRMLsimpleexample,sphere.wrl#VRMLV2.0utf8Shape#DefinenodecontainstwopropertiesappearanceAppearance#AppearancepropertiesmaterialMaterial#material，emissiveColor100#ReflectivematerialgeometrySphere#Geometricpropertiesradius1,.,32,IV-IIXML,XMLfullnameinEnglishisExtensibleMarkupLanguage,theChinesetranslationforextensiblemarkuplanguage.ItisanexchangestandardbytheW3C(WorldWideWebConsortium)thepromotionofstructuredinformation,andhasbeenwidelyused.VRMLadoptXMLastheencodingofthemainreasonsisbecausewiththeinternationalnatureofXML,structuredformatandmodularobjectsandotheradvantages.HasbeenclearlyestablishedbytheimplementationoftheXMLspecification,X3DXML-syntaxiseasytobeimplementedwithouttheneedforahugereverseengineering(reverseengineering).,.,33,XMLandGIS,WhatroledoesXMLplayinGISapplications?WecanuseXMLtodefineaquery,infactthetraditionalGISqueryisnodifferent,forexample,cansay,accordingtoauser-specifiedareafloodedanalysis,andreturnstheresult,theresponsemessagemaybebasedontheresultsoftheanalysisinXMLformatthefollowinggraphic.Thedifferenceliesinthetraditionalway,geographicaldataandrequestsunifiedXMLqueriesincludedinaseparateXMLdocument,aresponsemessagealsoXMLdocuments.XMLsupportforcustomtags,providesapowerfulextensionmechanism,whichinevitablymanyuniquemarkappearsGISindustry.,.,34,XML与GIS,OpenGISConsortium(OGC)launchedatimelyGISXMLtagsetGML(GeographyMarkupLanguage),anXMLapplicationinGISprovidesagoodwayofstandardization,theindustryhasbeensupportedbymanycompanies.TheuseofXML,wecanachievemanyGIStasks-Browseandgenerateimages,suchasSVG,VMLandX3Dformats;Dataconversioncanbeperformed,suchasXSLT,Schemacanbeconfigured,suchasDTD,XMLSchemaandthelike;Youcanquerydata,suchasXpointerandXQL,etc.,itcanalsoberunondifferentplatforms,suchasPDA.,.,35,IV-IIIX3D,X3DfullnameisExtensible3D(X3DearlynameiscalledVRML-NG,VRMLNextGeneration).Itisascalablenext-generation3Dgraphicsstandard,andextendedVRML97features.TheoriginofthenameistheintegrationofX3DXML(ExtensibleMarkupLanguage)andVRML(VirtualRealityModelingLanguage).X3DisVRMLsuccessor.VRML(VirtualRealityModelingLanguage-VirtualRealityModelingLanguage)istheoriginalnetwork3DgraphicsISOstandard(ISO/IEC14772).,.,36,X3Dgoal,1.IncludeVRML97features.(X3DcontentcanstillusethetechniquesbrowseVRML)2.XMLintegration.(YoucanuseXMLtoshowVRML97features)ponentization.(Encapsulatedbythemagnitudeofthecore(core)technology,itcaneasilyaddnewfeatures)4.expandability.(Usingthecomponenttoaddnewnodesandexecutecodeinlinewiththecoretechnology)5.UsetheJavaplatformtoensureuniversal,.,37,IV-IVJAVA3D,DuetospacemodelingVRML,GML,X3Dandotherlanguagesloaderdesigndeficiencies,thereisanurgentneedforahigh-levelprogramminglanguagetoreplacetheoriginalscriptingcapabilities.Javanetworkandplatformindependenceaswellasitsstrongsupportforthethree-dimensionalgraphics,soheoccupiedanimportantpositioninthefuturedevelopmentofthemarketinthethree-dimensional.Java3Dhasputforwardanewscheme,asthemodel-basedtechnologyplatformandinputdevicesdependingonthemodel.Itnotonlyprovideshigh-levelconstructorconstructionandoperationofthe3Dgeometricobjects,andusetheseconstructorscanalsobuildanycomplexitythevirtualscene,thesevirtualscenelargecosmicobjects,smallmicroscopicparticles.,.,38,VVirtualEnvironmentModelingMethodsandTools,Thebasicprincipleistocreateavirtualenvironmentmodelingthree-dimensionalmodelingsoftwareandrealobjectsinthree-dimensionalspace,likeathree-dimensionalmodel,andthengetthepropertiesandtexturedatatomodelrealobjectrendering,simulationmodelsmadeafterthedataconversion,andfinallydriversoftwareinto3Dreal-timethree-dimensionaldynamicsimulationdemo.EnvironmentalModelingEnvironmentalmodelingprocessAUTOCADand3DSMAXcombinethree-dimensionaldynamicsimulationMultigenCreatorandVegathree-dimensionalsimulation,.,39,V-IEnvironmentalModeling,Euclidean-geometryFractal-geometryPhysicallyBasedModelingImageBasedRenderingHybridModelingTechnology:PhysicallyBasedRenderingandImageBasedRendering,isthefuturedirectionofthevirtualenvironmentmodeling.,.,40,V-IIEnvironmentalmodelingprocess,现实世界,数据和纹理采集,三维建模,仿真渲染,数据输出,实时驱动,景观仿真,.,41,V-IIIAUTOCADand3DSMAXcombinethree-dimensionallandscapedynamicssimulation,AutoCADand3DSMAXsoftwarearetwokindsofsoftwareinengineeringfield.AutoCADsoftwareintheconstruction,editingatwo-dimensionalgraphicsfeatures,easytouse,andopen,thereareLISPAutoprogramminglanguagesupportandmanyotheradvantages.3DSMAXsoftwarehasgreatadvantagesin3Dmodeling,animationandrendering.,.,42,VRdataformatconversion,In3dsMaxVRauthoringsystemmodel,combinedwiththerequirementofVRsystem,seewhethertousesuchasLOD(levelofdetail)model,ifneedtouseMaxcomeswithaLODplug-indirectlygeneratetheobjectsLODmodel.Finally,accordingtotheenvironmentoftheVRsystemeditorwillthemodeloutputforeditingenvironmentthatcanbereceivedbyfiletype,suchasvrml97orDXFformatfile.,.,43,在AUTOCAD中进行精确的二维建模，生成*.dwg文件。,在3DSMAX中制作成效果图和动画输出。,处理和制作各种纹理贴图，并在3DSMAX中作立体渲染。,导入3DSMAX中建立三维立体模型。,.,44,V-IVMultigenCreatorandVegadynamicsimulationofthree-dimensionallandscape,TheMultigenCreatorSoftware,developedbyMultiGen-paradigm,anAmericancompany,ithasforreal-timeapplicationoptimizationofopenflightdataformat,powerfulpolygonmodeling,vectormodeling,largeareaterrainandgenerateaccuratefunction,andavarietyofprofessionaloptionsandplugins,cangeneratereal-timethree-dimensional(RT3D)database,andoptimization,andcloselycombinedwiththesubsequentreal-timesimulationsoftwareinthevisualsimulation,simulationtraining,urbansimulation,interactivegamesandengineeringapplications,thescientificvisualizationreal-timesimulationfieldhasaworldleadingposition.,.,45,AUTOCAD和3DSMAX结合进行三维建模，生成*.3ds文件。维建模，生成*.dwg文件。,导入MultigenParadigmCREATOR中对三维立体模型进行纹理贴图和渲染，并输出为OPENFLIGHT文件（*.flt）。,把OpenFlitht文件导入MultigenParadigmVEGA中对三维立体模型进行实时动态驱动，实现漫游和动画输出功能。,.,46,Moreprofessionalmodelingtoolsandprofessionalmodules,BundleTerrain(largeareaaccurate3Dterrainfunctionintegration,needProCreatormodule);RoadTools（Standardroadgenerationtool，andBaseCreator、CreatorProCouldbind）。,.,47,Paradigm-Vega,Efficienttoolsforbuildingadvancedreal-timesimulationVEGAisaleadingsoftwareenvironmentforthedevelopmentofreal-timevisualandauditorysimulation,virtualrealityandgeneralvideoapplications.Vegaincludinglynxgraphicalenvironments,asetcanprovidethefullsoftwarecontrolandmaximumflexibilityandcompleteapplicationprogramminginterfaceandaseriesofrelateddatabaseandAudioWorks2real-timemultichannelaudiosystem.VegaandtheoptionalmodulecanruninWindowsNToperatingsystemandSGIIRIXoperatingsystem,andsupportsavarietyofdatabaseloader,.,48,FlightOpenformatandAPIs,FlightOpenisthemostpopularstandardfileformatinthefieldofvisualsimulationforMultigendevelopment.Openflightusinggeometrichierarchyandnodeattributestodescribethethree-dimensionalobjects,allowsthe