高考七选五解题策略——理清句际关系、把握语脉

高考七选五解题策略理清句际关系、把握语脉,教学背景,河南省高考英语试卷于2011年采用全国新课标试卷，这套试卷与之前的最大不同在于新增了七选五模式的阅读填空，要求从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。此类试题的特点是文中的句与句之间存在着严密的逻辑联系，所设的空白处与前后句之间有着某种逻辑联系，需要考生对字里行间的含义有深刻的理解。这类题目的解答，简单的可以通过某句或某段细节进行推理，而复杂的常要求在全文的内容或结构的基础上进行概括并推理。对考生而言这是一道偏难的题目。,教学设计,教学思路：按照思维的逻辑，从句子，段落再到篇章顺序，有易向难推进。帮助学生体验归纳语句逻辑关系，尝试使用句际关系选出最佳选项。课堂活动以学生个体阅读体验、分组讨论及相互讨论为主。借助PPT展示句际关系，推理依据，推理过程及推理结果。组卷网,教学目标：通过这一节40分钟的课帮助学生（1）体验归纳句际关系（2）将体验归纳的句际关系在阅读实践中运用。,教学重点：（1）体验归纳句际关系（2）句际关系在阅读实践中的运用。,教学难点：引导学生运用句际关系解答七选五。,教学过程,Lead-inUsequestionsleadstudentstothinkabouttherelationsbetweensentences.Dowespeaklogically?Whensomeonemakeaspeech,isitnecessarytobelogically?,Thinkabout：句子与句子之间的关系有哪些？,Relationsbetweensentences如何理清句际关系？,解释关系是指后面的句子对前面的句子作解释（是什么？怎么做？）、引申（有本意引出新意）、例证（举例说明）、是意思更加明了，具体。,如:whatareyouinterestedin?Pets,clothes,Popmusic,ordancinggroups,sports,makingthings?,顺序关系指各句子只能按事物发展的过程有先而后的顺序排列，不可随意改变次序，通常出现于记叙文或描述固定的操作程序的说明文中。,如：Nextyouneedsomefriendstobeinyourclubwithyou.Then,youneedtopickanameforyourclub.常用的连接词有：first,next,thentwoyearsago,later,afterthatfinallyetc.,平列关系指句与句之间处于平等并列的地位，互不相属，而只是组合在一起共同说明一个问题，可以改变次序。,如：thefirstcoinsinEnglandweremadeoftin.SwedenandRussiausedcoppertomaketheirmoney.常见的连接词有first，secondthirdfirstlysecondlythirdlyforonethingforanother,etc.,递进关系是一种固定的顺序关系，但又不同于顺序关系，它是按语义的轻重认识的深浅做由轻到重、由浅入深的排列。,如：Spendafewminuteseachdaythinkingaboutthethingsthatmakeyouhappy.Itisalsoimportanttotakesometimeeachdaytodosomethingniceforyourself.常用的连接词有：also,further,furthermore,besides,inaddition,whatsmore,notonly.butalso,etc.,因果关系是指句与句之间存在前因后果或前果后因的关系。,如：Onceahabitisformed,itisdifficult,andsometimesimpossible,togetridof.Itisthereforeveryimportantthatweshouldpaygreatattentiontotheformationofhabits.常见的连接词有，so,because,since,asaresult,therefore,hence,thus,consequently,etc.,转折关系是指句与句之间存在意义的转折，通常表达对比或对照的意思。,如：Mostofthemoneytodayismadeofmetalorpaper.Butpeopleusedtouseallkindsofthingsasmoney.常用的连接词有：however，but,yet,nevertheless,still,whatever,whoever,whereas,onthecontrary,bycontrast,incomparison,instead,otherwise,etc.,总分关系是指前面的句子陈述两个或两个以上的对象，后面的句子紧接着分别对它们加以说明。,如：Differentcountrieshaveuseddifferentmetalsanddesignsfortheirmoney.ThefirstcoinsinEnglandweremadeoftin.SwedenandRussiausedcoppertomaketheirmoney.第二三句与第一句之间构成总分关系。,注意事项：各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际关系，比如，总分关系也是一种解释关系，递进关系也是一种顺序关系。,分析句际关系（一）分析以下七组句子之间的关系,1.Latertheinformationwastranslatedintotheactionmemoryareainthebearsbrain.Thenitwasreleasedbymeansofelectricpower._关系,2.Whenthelengthofitsbranch,theMissouri,isaddedtoit,theMississippibecomesgreater.Therefore,asweallknow,itisthethirdlongestriverintheworld._关系,3.Datacanmakeourlifeeasierandmorecomfortable.Whatismoreimportant,dataseemtobefairerthanwordsorstatements._关系,4.Anditwillnotbeownedbyoneindividual.Instead,wewillhaveachoiceofcarsandchangethemasfrequentlyaswechangeourclothing._关系,5.Therearemanythingsinourlifewhichcannotbemeasuredbydata.Forexample,thedegreeofyourfeelinghappyinyourlife,thedepthoflovebetweenyouandyourfriends,andthefaithyouhaveinyourcountry._关系,6.Theylabeltheseindifferentways.OntheFahrenheitscalewaterfreezesat32degreesandboilsat212degrees.OntheCelsiusscalewaterfreezesatzerodegreesandboilsat100degrees._关系。,7.TheyspeakFrench,mixedwithEnglish,Indian,SpanishandNegroidioms.Theykeeptothemselves,fanningtherichsoilofthedelta_关系。,（二）分析以下语篇，理清句际关系,（1）Takinggoodnotesisatimesavingskillthatwillhelpyoutobecomeabetterstudentinseveralways.(2)First,thesimpleactofwritingsomethingdownmakesiteasierforyoutounderstandandrememberit.(3)Second,yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.(4)Third,note-takingoffersvarietytoyourstudytimeandhelpsyoutoholdyourinterest.,(5)Youwillwanttotakenotesduringclassroomdiscussionsandwhilereadingatextbookordoingresearchforareport.(6)Youwillalsowanttodevelopyourownmethodfortakingnotes.,(7)Wheneverorhoweveryoutakenotes,keepinmindthatnote-takingisaselectiveprocess.(8)Thatmeansyoumustfirstdecidewhatisimportantenoughtoincludeinyournotes.,(9)Thefollowingmethodsmayworkbestforyou.(10)Readthetextquicklyandfindthemainfactsandideasinit.(11)Carefullyreadthetextandwatchforwordsthatcanshowmainpointsandsupportingfacts.(12)Writeyournotesinyourownwords.(13)Usewords,notcompletesentences.(14)Noteanyquestionsorideasyoumayhaveaboutwhatwassaidorwritten.,(15)Asyoutakenotes,youmaywanttouseyourownshorthand(速记).(16)Whenyoudo,besurethatyouunderstandyoursymbolsandthatyouusethemallthetime.(17)O