初中英语学习八时态

Tenses,.初中英语八种时态归纳复习,一、一般现在时,二、一般过去时,三、一般将来时,四、现在进行时,五、现在完成时,六、过去进行时,八、过去将来时,七、过去完成时,tocleantheroom,1.一般现在时：,2.一般过去时：,3.现在进行时：,4.过去进行时：,5.现在完成时：,6.过去完成时：,7.一般将来时：,8.过去将来时：,We_theroomeveryday.We_theroomjustnow.We_theroomnow.We_theroomat5:00Yesterdayafternoon.We_theroomalready.We_theroombeforehearrived.We_theroomtomorrow.Hesaidhe_theroomnext.,clean,cleaned,arecleaning,werecleaning,havecleaned,hadcleaned,willclean,wouldclean,概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。,Back,时间状语：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month),onceaweek,onSundays,etc.,基本结构：be动词；行为动词,1.Theboyusually_(play)footballafterschool.2.There_(be)manypeopleintheworld.3.Thesun_(rise)intheeastand_(set)inthewest.,一般现在时,否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。,一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。,1.Hedoeshishomeworkeveryday.(改为否定句）He_hishomeworkeveryday.,2.Mr.Smithhasameetingeveryweek.(改为否定）Mr.Smith_ameetingeveryweek.,doesnt,do,doesnt,have,IoftengoshoppingonSundays._youoften_shoppingonSundays?,Tomalwayshasashowerinthemorning._Tomalways_ashowerinthemorning?,Do,go,Does,have,知识扩展：一般现在时表将来1）下列动词：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsintenminutes.2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.3）在时间或条件句中。WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.IllwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.4）在动词hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等后。Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom,1.Theyusuallyhavelunchatfactory.Theyusuallyhavelunchatfactory_?,2.Theboyhardlyknowsanythingaboutit.Theboyhardlyknowsanythingaboutit,_?,dont,they,does,he,反义疑问句：肯定的陈述句+否定的疑问句；否定的陈述句+肯定的疑问句。,特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句的语序。,1.Heweighs70kilograms.,Howmuchdoesheweigh?,2.Wehaveaclassmeetingonceaweek.,Howoftendoyouhaveaclassmeeting?,概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。,时间状语：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.,基本结构：be动词；行为动词,Back,否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。,一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。,一般过去时,用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。IfIwereabird,IwouldflytoBeijing.Ifhewereherenow,wecouldturntohimforhelp.,1.I_inthatuniversitytenyearsago.（be)2.Theyathomeatthattime.(be)3.ShewellwhenIlastsawher.(notlook),Back,6.youwelllastnight?(sleep)7.Itonacoldwintermorning.(happen),4.Maryatschoolyesterday.(notbe)5.Theytoldmethattheratsarealproblemaroundhere.(benot),was,were,didntlook,wasnt,werent,Did,sleep,happened,概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。,时间状语：now,atthemoment,thesedays,etc.或引起对方注意的词，如：look,listening,stoptalking,等。,基本结构：am/is/are+doing,否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.,一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。,Back,现在进行时,1.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如：Wearewaitingforyou.2.习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.3.表示渐变的动词有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。Theleavesareturningred.Itsgettingwarmerandwarmer.4.与always,constantly,forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.,知识扩展：不用进行时的动词1)事实状态的动词。如：have,belong,cost,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continueIhavetwobrothers.Thishousebelongstomysister.2)心理状态的动词。如：know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hateIneedyourhelp.Helovesherverymuch.3)瞬间动词。如：accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.Iacceptyouradvice.4)系动词。如：seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turnYouseemalittletired.,Back,1.Itissixoclocknow.Jack_newspapers.(deliver)2.Itislateatnight._thetwinsstill_TV?(watch)3.Dontshout.Ourteachers_animportantmeetinginthenextroom?(have)4.A:Whereisyourmonitor?B:He_amodelshipintheclassroom.(make)5._you_bettertoday?(feel)6.Springishere.It_warmerandwarmer.(get),概念：1、表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在发生或进行的行为或动作。,时间状语：atthattime,thistimeyesterday,ateightoclocklastnight,fromMaytoOctoberlastyear等。,基本结构：was/were+doing,否定形式：was/were+not+doing.,一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。,Back,过去进行时,2、表示过去的一个动作发生的时候，另一个动作正在进行。以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。,1.-_he_TVthistimeyesterday?-No,he_.(watch)2.They_(notdo)homeworkwhenIgotback.3.WhenIcalledhim,he_(have)dinner.,Back,4.WhileMary_(work)asawaitress,herfriends_(study)atuniversity.,概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或某个从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。,时间状语：already,yet,never,ever,just,before,twicerecently,lately,inthepastfewyears,sincefor,etc.,基本结构：have/has+done,否定形式：have/has+not+done.,一般疑问句:把have或has放于句首。,Back,现在完成时,1.She_(finish)doingherhomeworkyet.2.Therain_(stop).Shallwegoonwithourfootballmatch?3.-_you_(wait)long?-No,justafewminutes.4.I_(notsee)herforthreeyears.5.I_(be)heresincelastOctober.6.Look!I_(catch)abigfish.,Back,概念：在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生的动作，即“过去的过去”。,时间状语：常与by,before等构成的短语连用，也可与等引导的从属句连用。,基本结构：had+done,否定形式：had+not+done,一般疑问句：had放于句首,Back,过去完成时,1.BytheendofthatyearHenry_(collect)morethanathousandforeignstamps.2.They_(reach)thevillagebefore6p.m.3._you_(get)everythingreadybeforeyourmothercamebackyesterday?4.Whenthepolicegotthere,thethief_(go)away.5.Hesaidshe_(work)asareportersince1995.,Back,概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。,时间状语：thisevening,tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year),soon,beforelong,inafewminutes,soonerorlater,thiscomingSunday,etc.,基本结构：am/is/are/goingto+do；will/shall+do,否定形式：am/is/are+not;will+not+do/shall+not+do,一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首,Back,一般将来时,shall用于第一人称，常被will所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst？Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?2)begoingto+不定式，表示将来。a.主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?b.计划，安排要发生的事。Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth.c.有迹象要发生的事Lookatthedarkclouds;thereisgoingtobeastorm.3)be+不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.4)beaboutto+不定式，意为马上做某事。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.注意：beaboutto不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。,begoingto/will的用法之比较：用于条件句时，begoingto表将来，will表意愿。例如：Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,youdbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible.Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.beto和begoingto的用法之比较：beto表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而begoingto则表示主观的打算或计划。例如：Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(客观安排)Imgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(主观安排),1.We_(help)GrandmaLiwiththehouseworkthiscomingSaturday.2.What_we_(do)next?3._you_(help)himwithhislessonstonight?4.There_(be)afootballmatchtomorrowafternoon.5.We_(notplant)treesalongtheriverthisyear.6.I_(tell)himthenewsassoonashecomeshere.7.I_(go)forapicnicifitrains.8.Theysaythatit_(be)goodweathertomorrow.,Back,概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。,时间状语：thenextday(morning,year),thefollowingday/week/month,基本结构：was/were/goingto+do；would/should+do,否定形式：was/were/not+goingto+do;would/should+not+do,一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should提到句首。,Go,过去将来时,1.Hesaidhe_(notcome)backthenextday.2.Hetoldmethathe_(notbe)ateacherwhenhegrewup.3.Theyneverknewwhat_(happen)totheworldinahundredyears.4.Iwasntsureifhe_(speak)atthemeeting.5.Hepromisedhe_(help)uswiththework.,Back,.几种常见时态的相互转换,英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式：,一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换,在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：瞬间动词用于“一段时间+ago”的一般过去时的句型中；瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；瞬间动词用于“Itis+一段时间+since+一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从以来有时间”的意思，主句一般用itis来代替Ithasbeen;瞬间动词用于“Sometimehaspassedsince+一般过去时”的句型中。,Go,1.TwoyearshaspassedsincehejoinedtheLeague.,Back,ItistwoyearssincehejoinedtheLeague.,2.HehasbeenintheLeaguefortwoyears.,HejoinedtheLeaguetwoyearsago.,二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换,在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如atwork（在工作）,atschool（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。,e.g.Peterisatwork,butMikeisatplay.=Peterisworking,butMikeisplaying.,三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换,在现在进行时态中go,come,leave,start,arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：Iamcoming,Mum!意为“我就来，妈妈！”,e.g.Thetrainisleavingsoon.=Thetrainwillleavesoon.,四、“begoingto+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换,“begoingto+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall。在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。,e.g.WearegoingtovisittheGreatWallnextSunday.=WeshallvisittheGreatWallnextSunday.,.中考动词时态考点分析,一、根据时间状语确定时态的原则,1.Hurryup!Theplayfortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began,析1.C。since后接时间的起点，for后接时间段，主句动词用现在完成时，应注意瞬间动词与延续性动词的使用。,二、在复合句根据时态呼应确定时态的原则,2.Doyouknowifbacknextweek?Ifheback,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes;willcomeB.willhecome;comesC.hewillcome;comesD.willhecome;willcome,析2.C。if既可引导宾语从句，也可引导状语从句。充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether，词义是“是否”。充当状语从句的连接词时，词义是“如果”。从时态看，if引导宾语从句时谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化；引导表示将来动作或状态的条件句时，若主句用一般将来时，则从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。,三、根据上下文已有时态信息点确定时态的原则,3.Whenthiskindofcomputer?-Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used,析3.B。此例由下句的时间状语推断出一般过去时态，并且要考虑到被动语态。,四、利用上下文语意确定时态的原则,4.Hi!LinTao.Ididntseeyouattheparty.-Oh,Ireadyforthemathsexam.A.amgettingB.wasgettingC.gotD.havegot,析4.B。此例由didnt,attheparty推断出应用过去进行时。,五、时态中的“特殊”对策的原则,5.TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25ChristmasDay.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe,Go,析5.A。有些动词其动词的时态是“违背常理”的。如宾语从句表示的是一个客观事实或客观真理时，其时态不受主句限制而用一般现在时表示。,.中考实战题练兵,A)用所给词的正