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主谓一致,Learninggoals:(学习目标)掌握并能熟练运用主谓一致黄金法则2.会在书面表达中正确使用主谓一致,Leading-in:Pleaselookatthefollowingsentences:1.HelikesEnglish/playingfootball.2.Theyarestudents.3.Somethingiswrongwithhim.4.Youarehandsome,我们可以看出:主语不同,谓语动词的形式就不同英语句子中的主语与谓语动词应在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致三原则:,语法一致:单单复复,意义一致:形单意复复:peoplepolice形复意单单:newsmaths,就近一致:notonlybutalso等,一、主语是复数形式,谓语用单数形式1表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词,通常看作整体,谓语用单数。,这样考过(2007江西)Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts_thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek_goodforoneshealth.Ashow;areBshows;isCshow;isDshows;are解析:主句主语是asurvey,谓语动词应用单数形式;从句主语是threehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek表示一个整体概念,因此谓语动词也应用单数形式。答案:B,2以s结尾的国名、地名、书报名、团体、学科等名词作主语,形式上是复数,谓语用单数。,可能这样考Mathematics_thelanguageofscience.AareBaregoingtobeCIsDistobe解析:此处mathematics为学科名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。答案:C,3表示两个相同部分连成一体的复数名词,如trousers,scissors,shoes,gloves,shorts,glasses等作主语时,前面若无akindof/apairof/aseriesof等单位词修饰时,谓语用复数,若带有单位词,谓语由单位词的单复数决定。,可能这样考Thetrousers_youwell.Butthecolour_me.Afit;suitBfit;doesntsuitCfits;doesntsuitDfit;dontsuit解析:trousers作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;而colour则为单数,故选B。答案:B,二、主语是单数形式,谓语用复数形式1police,people,cattle,faculty,flock,machinery等作主语,谓语用复数。,可能这样考Cattle_wellinthecountrymarketatpresent,accordingtotheeveningnews.AsellBsellsCisbeingsoldDwillbesold解析:有些集合名词作主语时,应以复数看待。这类名词有people,cattle,police等。答案:A,2有些以sh,ese,ch结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用时,表示复数含义,谓语用复数。表示单数含义,谓语用单数。,可能这样考Look!TheGerman_comingthisway.Heisstudyinghere.AareBisChasDhave解析:根据语境“这个德国人朝这边走来”选B。误选A是受习惯思维“theadj.指一类人,谓语动词用复数”的影响。答案:B,3“the形容词/分词”如指一类人,其谓语用复数;如表示抽象概念或个人时,其谓语用单数。,可能这样考Whentheinjured_tothehospital,theycameto_.Awasrushed;lifeBwererushed;lifeCrushed;livesDwererushed;lives解析:“the形容词”指代一类人,谓语动词用复数。cometolife“苏醒”,为固定搭配。答案:B,三、主语是单数形式,谓语视情况而定1主语是family,team,group,crowd,class,committee,population,crew,enemy,government等集合名词,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语用单数形式;如果指一个个成员或个体时,谓语就该用复数。,这样考过(广东汕头)Recently,there_aboominpopulationmobility,andaccordingtothesurveyin2008,17percentofthepopulation_everyyear.Ais;movesBhasbeen;movesCis;moveDhasbeen;move解析:population表示“部分人口”,强调具体成员时,谓语动词用复数。答案:D,(浙江东阳中学)Thecrew_madeupofaccomplishedsailorsandthus_highlypaidtodotheworkontheship.Awere;wereBwas;wereCwere;wasDwas;was答案:B,2主语是“aseriesof,akindof等名词”结构时,谓语动词用单数。“kindsof等名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。注意:在“thiskindof名词”之后,无论这里的名词是单数还是复数,谓语都用单数。,这样考过(江西景德镇一中)Sofaraseriesofproblems_broughtaboutbythisdecision.AhaveBhasChasbeenDhavebeen答案:C,还可能这样考Manykindsoffurniture_beingtransportedfromBeijingtoTianjin.AisBareCHavingDwas解析:manykindsoffurniture的中心词为of结构前面的kinds,且此句宜用现在进行时的被动语态,故选B。答案:B,Machinesofthenewtype_madeinShanghai.AisBareChasbeenDhavebeen解析:本题应以of结构前面的词为主语,machines为复数形式,而且本句用一般现在时为最佳时态,故选B。答案:B,3不定代词all,some,any以及therest等作主语,谓语的单复数应根据上下文或具体场合确定。,可能这样考“All_presentandall_goingonwell”,ourmonitorsaid.Ais;isBare;areCare;isDis;are解析:题意为:“所有人出席,一切顺利”,我们班长说。all表示人,其谓语用复数;all表示事物,谓语用单数。答案:C,Halfofuswereouttolookforhim,andtherest_stayingathomewaitingforhiscall.AwasBisCwereDare解析:therest做主语若指代的是可数名词,谓语动词用复数,若指代的是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。答案:C,4what引导的主语从句作主语时,谓语的单复数取决于表语的单复数。,这样考过(2008宁夏一中)Whattheremoteareasneed_educationtochildrenandwhatthechildrenneed_goodtextbooksatthemoment.Ais;areBare;isCwas;wereDwere;was解析:以what引导的主语从句谓语动词通常用单数,如果其后的表语是复数也可以用复数;如果what从句是带有复数意义的并列结构,主句的谓语动词用复数。答案:A,5定语从句的谓语的单复数应取决于先行词。注意:在“oneof名词复数”后面定语从句谓语动词用复数,但如果“oneof名词复数”之前有theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数。,这样考过(陕西西安铁一中)Jack,aswellashisfriendswho_footballgames,_traveledwiththeteam.Alikes;hasBlikes;haveClike;hasDlike;have答案:C,(2007合肥)Manystandardizedtestsinourlifeturnedouttobesimple,_beyondexpectations.AwhichwasBtheyareCwhichwereDitis解析:考查定语从句和主谓一致。这里用which引导非限制性定语从句,连词指代主句内容,表示单数含义,因此选A。答案:A,四、并列主语,谓语动词的单复数视情况而定1and或bothand连接两主语时,谓语常用复数。注意:(1)如果and连接的两个名词指同一个人或表示同一概念时,谓语用单数。,这样考过(2006江苏)Apoetandartist_comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.AisBareCwasDwere,解析:句意:明天下午一个诗人也是艺术家要来给我们做一次关于中国文学和绘画方面的讲座。由时间状语tomorrowafternoon一词可知C、D项时态不对,apoetandartist代表一个人,而apoetandanartist代表两个人,故不选B项。答案:A,(2)oneandahalf修饰名词复数作主语,谓语用单数,主语是“oneortwo复数名词”,其谓语用复数形式。可能这样考Oneandahalfbananas_leftonthetable.AisBareChasDhave解析:题意为:桌上剩下一个半香蕉。oneandahalf后虽然跟复数名词,但整个短语作主语时,谓语用单数形式。答案:A,(3)当and连接的并列单数主语前分别有each,every,morethanone,manya,no修饰时,谓语用单数。,这样考过(龙岩质检)Hi,whatdidourmonitorsayjustnow?EveryboyandeverygirlaswellasteacherswhoaretovisitWaterCube_askedtobeattheschoolgatebefore630inthemorning.AisBwereCareDwas,解析:当主语由aswellas连接时谓语部分看aswellas前面的部分,因此主语是everyboyandeverygirl,而every.andevery.结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数;而根据aretovisittheWaterCube知时态用一般现在时,故选A。答案:A,2由or,eitheror,neithernor,notbut,notonlybutalso等连接的并列主语,谓语动词单复数与最邻近的主语一致:Eitheryouorheistoblame.,这样考过(2008贵州遵义联考)NotonlyIbutalsootherworkers_willingtohavearestafteraweekswork.AisBareCamDbe解析:notonly.butalso.连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词就近一致。答案:B,(2007常州)NeitherLiuXiangnorhisparentsandcoach_hecanbecomesuchaworldfamousathlete.A.haveexpectedB.areexpectedC.hasexpectedD.isexpected解析:neither.nor.并列两个连词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的形式用就近原则判断。根据hisparentsandcoach表复数意义,排除C、D两项;根据句意“刘翔的父母与教练都没有料想到他会成为世界著名的运动员”可排除表被动关系的B项。答案:A,(2008沈阳二中高三模拟)Eitheryouortheheadmaster_theprizetothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.AishandingoutBaretohandoutCarehandingoutDistohandout解析:当either.or./neither.nor./notonly.butalso.连接两个主语时,谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。答案:D,五、主谓一致的其他情况1“分数/百分数of名词”构成短语,或“some/alotof/lotsof/a(large)quantityof/therestof/plentyof”构成短语时,其名词可以是可数名词或不可数名词。这些短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词保持数的一致,这是因为短语中of后面的名词是中心词,而名词前面的量词是修饰语。,这样考过(江西抚州一中)Largeamountsofwater_beenpumpedfromtheminewhereanexplosionhappenedyesterday.AhadBwouldhaveChasDhave答案:D,(2006浙江)Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyonethird_usedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.AisBareCwasDwere,解析:本题考查动词时态和主谓一致。分数of名词,其谓语动词要和of后面的名词的数保持一致,此句中的分数onethird省略后面的ofthe20notebookcomputers,故应选D项。时态应与but前的句子时态一致,因为他们是并列句。答案:D,(湖南湘潭模拟)Mr.Smith,Icantgoonwithmyreading.Ivealreadytoldyouthelastthreepartsofthearticle_themostdifficulttounderstand.AisBareChadbeenDwere答案:B,2“anumberof名词复数”作主语,谓语用复数;“thenumberof名词复数”作主语,谓语用单数。这样考过,(2006南通)Thenumberofpeoplehurtinthetrafficaccident_to95,thenewsagencyreports.A.hasincreasedB.haveincreasedC.hasbeenincreasedD.havebeenincreased解析:主语是数量(thenumber),故谓语动词用单数形式,increase表示“数量的增大”时,用主动语态。答案:A,(广东深圳中学)_childrenwhoseparentshaddiedintheearthquake_senttolivewithfamiliesinothercities.AAgreatnumberof;wasBAgreatnumberof;wereCThegreatnumberof;wasDThegreatnumberof;were答案:B,3主语后跟with,togetherwith,alongwith,but,except,besides,aswellas,ratherthan,including,nolessthan,asmuchas等短语,谓语应与前面的主语保持一致。,这样考过(吉安期末)Dr.Johnson,togetherwithhisassistants,iscomingtovisitourschool.Oh,_?AaretheyBisheCdoesheDdothey,解析:考查主谓一致。若句中含有togetherwith,together,aswellas时,其句中谓语动词的选择要视其前的主语而定。据此原则,句子的主语应为Dr.Johnson。故选B。答案:B,(辽宁重点模拟)Johnaswellastheotherchildrenwho_noparents_goodcareofinthecenter.Ahave;isbeingtakenBhave;hastakenChas;istakenDhas;havebeentaken,解析:考查主谓一致和动词时态。根据题意:约翰同其他那些没有父母的孩子一起在这个中心受到很好的照顾。who引导的定语从句修饰otherchildren所以谓语动词应是复数;名词1aswellas/besides/with/togetherwithect.名词2时,谓语动词要根据就远原则由名词1决定,所以第二空谓语动词为单数,约翰正在受到照顾,应用正在进行式的被动形式。答案:A,(2008北京155中)ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants,_ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline.AworkBworkingCisworkingDareworking解析:主语为ProfessorSmith,谓语用单数。答案:C,(2008上海冠龙高级中学)Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,_visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.AwasBwereChadbeenDwouldbe解析:作主语的是theteacher,所以谓语动词用单数形式。答案:A,(2006郑州)AlltheworkersexceptJack_toworkathome.AallowBallowsCareallowedDisallowed解析:题意为:除了杰克允许所有工人在家办公。except后的主语为假性主语。句子主语是alltheworkers指人,故谓语动词用复数形式。答案:C,4动名词、不定式或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。这样考过(2007南京)Displayingfeelings,atonepoint,_expressingthosefeelingsthroughafacialreaction.AismeantBmeanCaremeantDmeans,解析:考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处是陈述一个客观事实,应用一般现在时。因为是作谓语,主语是非谓语动词时,谓语动词要用单数,因此选D。答案:D,(上海高考)Whenandwheretogofortheonsalaryholiday_yet.AarenotdecidedBhavenotbeendecidedCisnotbeingdecidedDhasnotbeendecided解析:特殊疑问词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数,因此排除A、B项;由题干最后的yet可知,应用现在完成时。故选D。答案:D,(2006安徽)MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmiths_alsotrueoftheJohnsons.AareBisCbeingDtobe解析:该题考查主谓一致。theSmiths为介词about的宾语,真正的主语为whathasbeensaid,从句做主语谓语一般为单数,故选B。答案:B,5确定倒装句谓语的单复数要找准主语:Onthewallhangtwolargeportraits.(主语为twolargeportraits),这样考过(2007江西九所)_atthefront_someVIPsfromthecompany.ASeating;wasBSeated;wereCSitting;wasDSat;were解析:表语提前要倒装,谓语动词的单复数与主语保持一致,主语是someVIPs,因此谓语动词应用复数were。答案:B,还可能这样考There_apen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.AareBisChasDhave解析:题意为:书桌上有一支钢笔,两支铅笔和三本书。在therebe句型中,谓语动词的数一般与最靠近它的名词一致。答案:B,6eachof,neitherof,eitherof,oneof,any(one)of,everyoneof等作主语时,谓语用单数。这样考过(湖南岳阳一中)Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,_togotouniversity.SodoI.AhopeBhopesChopingDhoped答案:B,.单项填空1Morethanone_thepeopleheartandsoul.AofficialhasservedBofficialshaveservedCofficialhasservedforDofficialshaveservedfor答案与解析:Amorethanone接单数名词作主语时,谓语用单数。,2.Thefamilyavisitsomeoftheirrelativesthisweek.A.arein;ofB.isin;ofC.areon;toD.ison;to答案与解析:Cthefamily作主语,谓语动词是意志性动作,所以应该把family理解为是复数意义。beonavisitto是固定短语,意为“拜访”。,3Everybodyinourhometown,menandwomen,youngandold,_sportsandgames.AarefondofBjoinsCenjoysDgoinfor答案与解析:C题意为:在我们家乡,不论男女老少,每个人都喜欢运动和比赛。在本题中主语是everybody。menandwomen,youngandold作everybody的同位语,故谓语动词应该用第三人称单数,可排除A、D项;又因为join不能直接跟sth.。故答案为C。,4MrBrown,withhissonsanddaughters,_visitingarelativeofhiswhenthehurricanestruck.AhadbeenBwouldbeCwereDwas答案与解析:D题意为:当飓风袭来时,布朗先生正和他的儿女们在亲戚家做客。名词加介词结构作主语,谓语动词数的变化应该以介词短语前面的名词来确定。因为MrBrown是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词也要用第三人称单数,故选D。,5_withoutfriends_themostdifficultchallengeforJackwhilelivingontheisland.AHowdoeshesurvive;areBHowtosurvive;areCHowdoeshesurvive;isDHowtosurvive;is答案与解析:D“疑问副词动词不定式”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。,6Thehighstandardofthenationsliteratureandart_widespreadattention.AwasattractedBhaveattractedChasattractedDhasbeenattracted答案与解析:C题意为:这个民族高水准的文学与艺术已经引起了广泛的关注。句子主语为highstandard,故谓语动词用单数形式。又因为主语与动作attract构成主谓关系,所以用主动语态。根据题意选C。,7Thepolice_askedthatanyonewhosawtheaccidentshouldgetintouchwith_.Ahave;themBhas;himChave;himDhas;them答案与解析:Apolice是集体名词,作主语时谓语用复数,用复数代词宾格them代替。,8Email,aswellastelephones,_animportantpartindailycommunication.AisplayingBhaveplayedCareplayingDplay答案与解析:A主语后有aswellas引起的短语时,谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致。,9Thenumberofthestudentswhotookpartinthecompetition_500,butonlyasmallnumberofthem_chosen.Awas;wereBwere;wasCwere;wereDwas;was答案与解析:A“thenumberof复数名词”作主语时谓语动词用单数;a/an(large,small,etc.)numberof后接复数名词或代词时,是复数概念,谓语动词用复数。,10Alarge_ofmoneyisspentontheHopeProjectandagoodmanyschools_setup.Aamount;hasbeenBamount;havebeenCnumber;hasbeenDdeal;havebeen答案与解析:B表示大量的钱,可以用alargeamountof/alargesumof,谓语动词用单数;很多学校是复数概念,因此后面的谓语动词也用复数形式,根据语境判断,表示到目前的情况,因此应该用现在完成时。,11Largequantitiesofinformation,aswellassometimelyhelp_sincetheorganizationwasbuilt.AhasofferedBhadbeenofferedChavebeenofferedDisoffered答案与解析:C由aswellas连接的复合主语并不影响谓语动词的数,“largequantitiesof名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。分析题目可知动作虽然发生在过去,但对现在还有影响,故应用现在完成时。,12John,togetherwithsomeotherAmericansoldierswho_senttoIraq,_killedinabombexplosion.Awere;wereBwas;wasCwere;wasDwas;were答案与解析:C考查主谓一致的用法。第一个空的谓语形式应该和先行词Americansoldiers一致;第二个空是该句的谓语,要和主语John一致,togetherwithsomeotherAmericansoldiers只是一个插入成分,作补充说明。,13Fifteenminutes_allthatIcansparetotalkoverthismatterwithyou.AisBareCwereDbe答案与解析:A此处的“Fifteenminutes”作主语,表示的是整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式。,14Thefather,ratherthanthebrothers,_fortheaccident.AareresponsibleBwereresponsibleCberesponsibleDisresponsible答案与解析:D本题的主语是“Thefather”,其后有“ratherthanthebrothers”,这时谓语动词的数应与“Thefather”保持一致,用第三人称单数。,15Dothestudentslearnanyforeignlanguagesinyourschool?Yes,morethanone_taughtinthisschool.AlanguageisBlanguageareClanguagebeDlanguagesare答案与解析:Amorethanone后接单数名词,谓语动词用单数形式,但在意义上是复数。,16Soonafterfeelingtheslightshaking,everyman,womanandchild_abouttheearthquakethatnight.AweretalkingBwastalkingChadtalkedDtalking答案与解析:B用and连接的两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语时,且名词前有every,each,no等词修饰时,谓语动词须用单数形式。,17Toplaybasketballandtogoswimming_goodforcharactertraining.AwasBisCareDwere答案与解析:C两个动词不定式作主语,如果不表示同一个概念,谓语动词需用复数形式。,18Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.AisBareChavebeenDhadbeen答案与解析:A在“oneof复数名词定语从句”结构中,复数名词是先行词,定语从句中谓语动词用复数形式,但当one前有th

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