英语句子成分讲解及句子类型.ppt

取得英语语法成功的基石,句子成分,PartsofSpeach,一、主语,主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于_。,1.Lucylikeshernewbike.2.Weworkhard.3.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.4.Playingfootballafterschoolisgreatfun.,句首,1.WeloveChina.2.Sheseemstired.3.HecanspeakEnglish4.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.,二、谓语,谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由_充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.,动词,实义动词连系动词情态动词助动词,（V.）,情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.,TheycanspeakEnglishwell.Theyareplayingoverthere.,1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be（am,is,are,was,were,been,being）一词Heisateacher.2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stayHealwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。,系动词,3）表像系动词，用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：Helookstired.Heseems(tobe)verysad.4）感官系动词，主要有feel,smell,sound,tasteThisflowersmellsverysweet.,5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,comeHebecamemadafterthat.6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnoutTherumorprovedfalse.这谣言证实有假。Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.他的计划终于成功了。,谓语,（V.）,实义动词连系动词情态动词助动词,三、宾语,宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在_或_后面.,1.WestudyEnglish.2.Ourteachersaidthathewouldgothere.3.Heislookingatthedog.,双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。Hegavemetwobooks.,及物动词,介词,表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.,Thetreesturngreen.Theflowersarebeautiful.MyjobistoteachyouEnglish.Thequestionishowwecangetthere.,四、表语,定语：用来修饰限定_.,Thisisaredcar.Thebuildingistheirteachingbuilding.Thewomandoctorismywife.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.ThemaninfrontofthegateisMr.Li.EverystudenthasanEnglishbook.,五、定语,名词,状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。,六、状语,JohnoftencametochatwithmeAshewasill,hedidntcometoclassyesterday.Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.Myfatherworkedinthisschooltenyearsago.Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.Hecamerunning.,(程度目的),（地点伴随）,（地点时间）,（让步）,（方式）,(原因),补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。,七、补语,EveryonecallshimJack.（宾补）HeiscalledJack.（主补）,同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明TheGreatWall,oneofthewondersintheworld,attractsalargenumberofforeignfriends.,八、同位语,一、主语主语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.Thesunrisesintheeast.（）2.Helikesdancing.（）3.Twowillbeenough.()4.Seeingisbelieving.（）6.Toseeistobelieve.（）7.Whentoholdthemeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet.()8.Whatheneedsisabook.（）9.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（）,名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,疑问词+不定式,从句,It作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语,当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。,什么情况下用it作形式主语？,你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下列句子吗？1)Itiswrongtotellalie.()2)Itisnousearguingaboutit.()3)Itisuncertainwhowillcome.(),说谎是错误的。,争吵是没用的。,谁要来还不确定。,二、宾语宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.Shelivedahappylife.()2.Iloveyou.()3.Weneedtwo.()4.Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?()5.HebegantolearnEnglishayearago.()6.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.()7.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?()8.Shefeltitherdutytotakegoodcareofthem.(),名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,疑问词+不定式,从句,It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语,二、表语表语可以用下面这些东西表示：Heisateacher.()Myideaisthis.()Shewasthefirsttoarrive.()Ifeelmuchbettertoday./Imustbeoffnow.()Heisoutofdanger.()Thenewswasexciting./Theywereexcitedatthenews.()WhatsurprisedmemostwasthathespokeChinesesowell.(),名词,代词,数词,从句,形容词/副词,介词短语,分词,三、定语定语可以用下面这些东西表示：Itsaredcar.()Theyliveintheroomabove.()Mybrotherisateacher.()Webelongtothethirdworld.()Lucysfatherisapoorworker.()Mothermadeabirthdaycakeforme.()Themanunderthetreeismyteacher.()Theswimmingboyismybrother./Theboyswimmingintheriverismybrother.(),形容词,副词,代词,数词,名词所有格,名词,介词短语,现在分词,三、定语定语可以用下面这些东西表示：Ilikedthefoodcookedbymymother./Retiredpeoplehaveagoodtimeathome.()Therearetwothingstobediscussedtoday.（）Willyoutellusaboutyourteachingplan?（）ThisistheverybookthatIneed.（）,过去分词,不定式,动名词,从句,四、状语状语可以用下面这些东西表示：Heisoftenlateforclass.()Wesawthatpictureatthecinema.()Hesattheresmoking.()Theyreturnedtiredandhungry.（）Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheboyslife.（）Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.()TheboxissoheavythatIcantliftit.(),副词，程度,介词短语，地点,分词，伴随,不定式，目的,形容词，状态,让步状语从句,结果状语从句,四、状语状语可以用下面这些东西表示：Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.（）Hewasangrybecausewewerelate(）Ifitrainstomorrow,wewontgoout.(),时间状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句,五、宾语补足语：IconsiderJimagoodfriend.()Ialwaysfindherhappy.()Peoplepraisedhimasahero.()IhadtheTVfixed.()Isawhimenteringthebuilding.()Whatmadeyouthinkso?()Doyouwantmetogo?(),形容词,名词,介词短语,过去分词,现在分词,省略掉to的不定式,不定式,英语句子的种类,简单句(simplesentence)只包含一个主谓结构Theyareplayingbaseballinthegarden.Herbrotherandsisiterarebothteachers.,并列句(compoundsentence)Herfatherisadoctorandhermotherisateacher.IlikedthestoryverymuchbutLiMingwasntinteretedinit.Hurryup,oryoullbelate.由and,but,or,so这四个并列连词连接，而“，”逗号是不能连接两个简单句的。,复合句(complexsentence)Ifheisallrighttomorrow,hewillcome.IwenttobedaferIfinishedmyhomework.,连词,主句,从句（状语）,主句,连词,从句（状语）,简单句的五种基本句型,英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：（主谓）基本句型二：（主系表）基本句型三：（主谓宾）基本句型四：（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：（主谓宾宾补）,基本句型一主谓（S+V）,S+VShecooks.Heisworking.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.Thepenwritessmoothly.,基本句型一主谓,基本句型二主系表,S+V+PHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.,基本句型二主系表,基本句型三主谓宾,S+V+OWestudyEnglisheveryday.Theyareplayingfootball.Heenjoysreading.Shesaid“Goodmo