XX考研英语阅读理解之词义题解题思路

XX考研英语阅读理解之词义题解题思路 在英语学习中，我们自然会遇到许多生词。这时，许多人立即翻阅字典，查找词义。其实这种做法是不科学的。它不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。我们可以利用语境(各种已知信息)推测、判断某些生词的词义，以下由出guo考研英语资料频道栏目为您提供。 综上所述，利用各种已知信息推测、判断词义是一项重要的阅读技巧。在实践中，我们可以灵活运用，综合运用上面提到的几种猜测技巧，排除生词的障碍，顺利理解文章的思想内容，提高阅读速度。 所以考生应重点避免以下两种情况：第一，考生往往会随便猜一个选项，错误率很高。第二种情况下，考生往往落入命题专家的陷阱，不知不觉地失了分，原因是考生并没有掌握阅读词汇题的基本命题原则。在阅读部分的词汇题要考的并不是考生认不认识题中所考的单词，否则便是命题失效。此处要考的是考生阅读中的推断能力，也就是说题中所考单词的词义必定能根据上下文推断出来。所以考生在遇到阅读中的词汇题时，一定要冷静，去上下文中细找，推断出词义后，可将词义代入原文看是否通畅。 例如xx年第54题： Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers onthe grounds that in the long run it reduces everyones cost. If railroadscharged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have theoption of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so,leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. Its atheory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leavesrailroads in the position of determining which panies will flourish andwhich will fail. “Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who winsand who loses in the marketplace?” asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently representsshippers。 The word “arbiters” most probably refers tothose_。 A who work as coordinators B who function as judges C who supervise transactions D who determine the price 该题的解题关键在于是否知道arbiters后的介宾短语of who wins and who loses in the marketplace就是对该词的最准确定义，依据该介宾短语，不难得出arbiters是决定谁输谁赢的人，四个选项中只有B选项和这个意思最为接近。 再例xx年第43题： For any job search, you should start with a narrow conceptwhatyou think you want to dothen broaden it. “None of these programs do that,”says another expert. “Theres no career counseling implicit in all of this。”Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keepabreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it areminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for findingeverything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the authorof a job-searching guide。 The expression “tip service” most probably means。 A advisory B pensation C interaction D reminder 该题的解题关键在于充分利用分号，分号前面的短语use the agent as akind of tip service和分号后的consider it areminder属于并列关系，it和the agent都是指的文章中所说的搜索代理，自然我们就找到了tip service的同义词reminder。所以该题答案D。 词义题解题方法 针对推测生词含义题型，我们可以从两个方面进行分析： a。根据对比关系猜测词义 在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词或难词的反义词猜测其词义。例如： Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. Hisbrother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. 该例中supercilious对许多人来说可能是个生词，但是句中短语incontrast，(相对照的，相对比的)可以提示我们supercilious和后面词组humbleand modest(谦卑又谦虚)是对比关系。分析出这种关系后，我们便能猜出supercilious意为“目空一切的，傲慢的”。 表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是unlike，not，but，however，despite，inspite of，in contrast 和while 引导的并列句等。例如，A good supervisor canrecognize insta