英美文学选读PPT.ppt

ReviewforFinalExam,Week14,BritishLiterature,JamesJoyce,1882-1941,Dubliners(1914,short-storycollection)APortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan(1916,novel)Ulysses(1922,novel)FinnegansWake(1939,novel),ImportantWorks,Linguistically,hedevelopsawrittenformofstreamofconsciousnessHeattemptedtomakeafictionthatwouldreflectthewholelife,consciousandsubconscious,withoutbeinglimitedbyconventionsoflanguagePsychologically,heisforeverattemptingtore-seekunityinaworldthatisdisorganizedPhilosophically,hecametofeelthattimeandspaceareartificial,thatallisrelated,andthatartshouldbeasymbolofthatrelationship,ValuesandPerspectives,hisastonishingwayofconstructinganovelhisfrankportrayalofhumannatureinhisbookshiscompletecommandofEnglishinfluencedmanywritersincludingSamuelBeckettWaitingforGodot等待戈多,Importance,JaneAusten,1775-1817,AustensLiteraryWorks,1787-1793:Juvenilla1795-1799:beganSenseandSensibility,PrideandPrejudice,andNorthangerAbbeyWorkingtitles:ElinorandMarianne,FirstImpressions,andSusan.1803:beganTheWatsons(neverfinished)1812:beganMansfieldPark1814beganEmma1815-beganPersuasion1817-beganSanditon(neverfinished),GenderDifferences:Men,mansprimaryroleistobetheprovider:work,proposeanengagementforawife,earnthefamilysonlyincome,makefinaldecisions,physicallyandfiscallysupportandprotectthefamily,andprovideahome,food,andclothing.,GenderDifferences:Women,Duringthistimeperiod,itwasunacceptableforwomen,orawoman,totravelalone.Womenwereto:tendtothechildren,cookthemeals,dotheshoppingandsewing,andupholdthedailyroutinesforthefamily,primarilytendingtothehusbandsneeds.,GeorgeBernardShaw,(1856-1950)PlaywrightforthePeople,wrote63playsTheDevilsDisciple(1897)washisfirstsignificantfinancialsuccessasaplaywrightBythe1910s,Shawwasawell-establishedplaywrightNewworkssuchasFannysFirstPlay(1911)andPygmalion(1912)hadlongrunsinfrontoflargeLondonaudiencesShawforbademusicalizationofhisworktheBroadwaymusicalMyFairLadycouldbeproducedonlyafterShawsdeath,Plays,Pygmalion:Themes/Issues,ClasssystemSocialprejudiceJudgingbyappearanceMorality/behaviorMoney/classRich/poorSpeech/dialect,E.M.Forster,1879-1970,Writtenwork,1905-WhereAngelsFeartoTread1907-TheLongestJourney1908-ARoomwithaView1910-HowardsEndClashbetweenbusinessandart1924-APassagetoIndiaattackonColonialism1971-MauriceHomosexualtheme,ARoomwithaView:MajorThemes,ProprietyandPassionThebeautyofhumanbeingsWomanspositionandindependenceConnectionbetweennatureandmanClasssnobbery,ARoomwithaView,Symbolicmeaningsof“rooms”and“views”:“rooms”:conservativeanduncreative,e.g.MrsHoneychurch,Cecilusuallypicturedinaroom“views”:forward-thinkingandmoderncharactertypes,e.g.FreddyandtheEmersonsoftendescribedasbeing“outside”SymbolicdifferencesbetweenItalyandEnglandItalyasaplaceoffreedomandsexualexpression.Britainwasaplaceofrestrictedvaluesandconservatism,GeorgeOrwell,EricArthurBlair1903-1950,Winstonissickofhisjobfabricatingandchanginghistoryatthe“MinistryofTruth”WinstonhasasexualaffairwithJulia-hetrustsherandshareshisrebelliousthoughtswithherWinstonwantstogivehelptoOBrien,whohethinksispartoftheBrotherhoodrebellionEventuallybothWinstonandJuliaarecapturedbytheParty,butwillheconfess?,1984:StoryOverview,WilliamGolding,1911-1993,GoldingbelievedthatourhumanityrestsinthecapacitytomakevaluejudgmentsthepowertodecidewhatisrightandwrongBUT,Afterthewar,henolongerbelievedintheinherentinnocenceandgoodnessofmankind,Philosophy,THEMES,ThethemeofLordoftheFliesisanattempttotracethedefectsofsocietybacktothedefectsofhumannaturethattheshapeofasocietymustdependontheethicalnatureoftheindividualnotonanypoliticalsystemSurvivalPower/LeadershipCivilizationvs.SavageryLossofInnocenceHumanNatureGoodvs.Evil,AmericanLiterature,F.ScottFitzgerald,1896-1940,1922-TheBeautifulandtheDamned1922-TalesoftheJazzAge(shortstories)1923-TheVegetable(aplay)1925-TheGreatGatsby1934-TenderistheNight(lastfinishednovel)publishedafterthestartofTheGreatDepressionitisaboutpeoplewithmoneyPeopledidntwanttoreadaboutsuccessandexcesswhentheydidnthaveenough!HisunfinishednovelisTheLastTycoonaboutHollywood,Workswrittenduringthisperiod:,EnduringAssociations,FitzgeraldhasbecomeidentifiedwiththeextravagantlivingoftheJazzAge:“Itwasanageofmiracles,itwasanageofart,itwasanageofexcess,anditwasanageofsatire.”-F.ScottFitzgeraldsaidtoberepresentativeoftheAmericanviewpointbecause:HewasoneofAmericasgreatestdreamers.HereflectedAmericasexaggeratedhopesanddreams,especiallyTheAmericanDream.Hewasself-indulgent.,ErnestHemingway,1899to1961,Revivalinthe1950s,1950AcrosstheRiverandIntotheTrees1951motherdies1952TheOldManandtheSeawinsPulitzerPrizesurvivestwoplanecrashes,Journalisticlean,simple,shortsentences;hardlyanyadjectives,especiallyindialogPrincipleoftheiceberg:7/8underforevery1/8showingForcesthereadertoinferto“readbetweenthelines”Alsocalled“hardboiled”style,WritingStyle:,TheHemingway“Code”,Whatisa“RealMan”?AmancanbedestroyedbutnotnecessarilydefeatedManmustfacealllifestruggleswithcourage,intensity,honesty,andgraceTherewardisdignityLossofhopeandfaithequalsdefeatConceptof“nada”or“nothingness”TheoutcomeoflifeisdeathwithnolifeafterdeathThestruggleistheonlythingthatmattersThemannerinwhichwefacethestruggleshowsourcharacter,Plotcharacterizedbychaosandviolencecrime,death,sport,harddrinkingandsexualpromiscuityoftenoccurHerowoundedbutstrongandsensitiveenjoysthepleasuresoflife(sex,alcohol,sport,etc.)infaceofruinanddeath,hemaintainsadignifiedstruggle,CommonAspectsinHemingway,JohnSteinbeck,1902-1968,Duringthelate1920sand1930sheconcentratedonwritingandwroteseveralnovelssetinCalifornia.Steinbeckgainedgreatsuccessbyreadersandcritics.,TwotravelingfieldworkersGeorgesmallbutsmart,hetakescareofLennieLennieagentlebutslow,powerfulgiantTheywanderthecountryduringtheDepression,dreamingofabetterlifeforthemselves.Everytimetheirdreamisjustaboutwithintheirgrasp,itisinevitablytakenaway.Thenovelexploresquestionsofstrength/weakness/usefulnessrealityandutopiaBringsSteinbecksCaliforniavividlytolife.,OfMiceandMen,ArthurMiller,MajorWorks,TheManWhoHadAllTheLuck(1944)AllMySons(1947)DeathofaSalesman(1949)wonthePulitzerPrizeforDramaTheCrucible(1953)wonaTonyawardOthernotableworks:AViewFromTheBridge(1955)AftertheFall(1964)ThePrice(1968)AdaptedbothDeathofaSalesmanandTheCrucibletofilmin1985and1995,respectively,SummaryofDeathofaSalesman,SalesmanWillyLomanisinacrisis.Hesabouttolosehisjob,hecantpayhisbills,andhissonsBiffandHappydontrespecthimandcantseemtoliveuptotheirpotential.Hewonderswhatwentwrongandhowhecanmakethingsuptohisfamily.,KeyThemes,ThebitternessofmissingtheAmericandreamFamilyrivalryTheloveandconflictbetweenafatherandsonTheloveandconflictbetweenbrothers,KurtVonnegut,Jr.,1922-2007,PlayerPiano(1952)TheSirensofTitan(1959)MotherNight(1961)CatsCradle(1963)GodBlessYou,Mr.Rosewater(1965)Slaughterhouse-Five(1969),KeyWritings,BreakfastofChampions(1973)Slapstick(1976)Jailbird(1979)DeadeyeDick(1982)Galpagos(1985)Bluebeard(1987)HocusPocus(1990)Timequake(1997),unequaldistributionofwealthinsocietyVonnegutsworksdemonstratewhathappenswhenahereditaryaristocracydevelopswealthisinheritedalongfamiliallinespoorAmericanscannotovercometheirsituationsconfrontstheideaoffreewillinSlaughterhouse-FiveandTimequakethecharactershavenochoiceinwhattheydo;inBreakfastofChampions,acharacterbelievesthathecontrolseveryonesfreewillinCatsCradle,BokononismviewsfreewillasevilWhatisthepointoflife?isaquestionVonnegutoftenponderedinhisworks,ThemesinVonnegutsWritings,HarrisonBergeronissetinthefuture,whengovernmentlawshavemadeeveryoneequalGovernmentofficers(H-Gmen)enforcetheequalitylawsPeoplearemadeequalbydeviceswhichlimittheirabilitiesweightstolimitspeedandstrengthmasks,redrubberclownnoses,orthickglassestohidegoodlooksandtomakeseeingdifficultradiotransmittersimplantedintheearsofintelligentpeople,whichemitsharpnoisestwoorthreetimesaminutetopreventthemfromthinkingclearly,SummaryofHarrisonBergeron,Satirehandicappingpeopletoenforceequalitythefailureofrebelliontheapathy(暮气)inpeoplewhowatchtelevisionauthoritariangovernmentBlackHumordialoguebetweenGeorgeandHazeltheappearanceofHarrison(redrubbernose,artificiallysnaggle-toothed,threehundredpoundsofhandicaps),Themes,AliceWalker,1944-,TheWorksofAliceWalker,TheWorksofAliceWalker:1968Once:Poems1970TheThirdLifeofGrangeCopeland1973RevolutionaryPetunias&OtherPoems1973InLove&Trouble:StoriesofBlackWomen1974LangstonHughes,AmericanPoet1976Meridian1979ILoveMyselfWhenIAmLaughing.AZoraNealeHurstonReader(editor)1979GoodNight,WillieLee,IllSeeYouintheMorning1981YouCantKeepaGoodWomanDown:Stories1982TheColorPurple1984InSearchofOurMothersGardens:WomanistProse1984HorsesMakeaLandscapeLookMoreBeautiful1988ToHellWithDying(IllustrationsbyCatherineDeeter)1988LivingbytheWord1989TheTempleofMyFamiliar,1991HerBlueBodyEverythingWeKnow:EarthlingPoems1965-1990Complete1991FindingtheGreenStone(IllustrationsbyCatherineDeeter)1992PossessingtheSecretofJoy1993WarriorMarks(IncollaborationwithPratibhaParmar)1996AliceWalker:Banned1996TheSameRiverTwice:HonoringtheDifficult1997AnythingWeLoveCanBeSaved:AWritersActivism1998BytheLightofMyFathersSmile2000TheWayForwardIswithaBrokenHeart2001SentbyEarth:AMessagefromtheGrandmotherSpiritAftertheBombingoftheWorldTradeCenterandthePentagon2003AbsoluteTrustintheGoodnessoftheEarth:NewPoems2003APoemTraveledDownMyArm:PoemsandDrawings2004NowIstheTimetoOpenYourHeart2005PemaChodronAndAliceWalkerinConversation-AudioCD2006Th