2010届高三英语英语语法专题1

专题1名词与冠词,考点关注：1 名词的词义辨析 2 名词作定语 3 名词的数、格 4 抽象名词具体化 5 名词与冠词、介词、动词等的 搭配 6 固定搭配中的冠词运用,热点透视,热点,热点1 名词的数：分清不可数、可数名词及其复数变化形式常考词汇：fun, news, weather- 不可数名词; passer-by, grown-up- 复数 passers-by, grown-ups; means, works(工厂，作品）-单复数同形； people, police, cattle - 只看作复数,例题It is _ great fun to go camping in such _ good weather. A. a; a B. /; a C. /; / D. a; /2. Some _ doctors are handing out health care booklets to the _. A. woman; passers-by B. women; passers-by C. woman; passer-bys D. women; passer-bys,( c ),( B),热点2 名词的格三种所有格形式: n.+s; of+n.; of+n.+s.常考点：以-s结尾的复数名词所有格只加“”;两人共有所有格只在后一人后加“s”,如Tom and Mikes room;无生命的物体所有格- of + n.，如 the door of the room;双重所有格-of+ n. +s,如 a friend of my fathers/ mine.,例题1.- Whose room is this? - Its _ room.Toms and Johns B. Tom and Johns C. Tom and John D. Toms and John2. - Is this a book of your _? - No, it is somebody _.father; else B. fathers; else C. father; elses D. fathers; elses,( B ),( D ),热点3 名词作定语名词作定语在逻辑上表示中心词的用途、材料、来源等，多用单数，个别可用复数名词修饰名词复数，如men doctors, women teachers.,例题He broke his _ cup at the _ gate.coffees; school B. coffee; schools C. coffee; school D. coffees; schools2. I saw some _ students talking with their _ teachers on _ Day.girl; women; Womens B. girls; women; WomenC. girl; woman; Womans D. girls; woman; Womens,( C ),( A ),热点4 名词词义辨析考查近义词、同义词、近形词在特定语境中的运用。解题指导：做此类题时，要注意使用“语境分析法”，即分析说话人所处的语言情境，通过上下句意弄清此人要表达的意图，对各个选项进行比较对照，确定最佳选项。当然，对选项中各词义的掌握是解题的必备条件。,例题1.- You are always full of _. Can you tell me the secret? - Taking plenty of exercise every day. ( 2007. 福建 . 31 )A. power B. strength C. force D. energy2. I cant say which wine is best- Its a(n) _ of personal taste.A. affair B. event C. matter D. variety ( 2007. 山东 . 27 ),（ D）,（ C ）,热点5 名词与其他词的固定搭配常见的是名词与冠词、介词及动词的搭配。,例题1. Despite such a big difference in _ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special. ( 2007. 湖北 . 23)A. point B. idea C. attitude D. sight2. It is said that dogs will keep you _ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.A. safety B. company C. house D. friend,( C ),( B ),热点6 抽象名词具体化有些抽象名词，在指具体的人或物时可转化为可数名词。常考词汇：surprise, failure, success, honour, danger, must等。,例题1. We have every reason to believe that _ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be _ success. ( 2007. 江苏 . 21)/; a B. the; / C. the; a D. a; a2. Though we are now out of _ danger, the broken bridge is still _ great danger to car drivers.A. a; a B. /; / C. a; / D. /; a,( C ),( D ),热点7 集合名词（集体名词）集合/体名词若强调整体看作单数，若强调个体看作复数。常考词汇：family, group, audience, class, team等。,例题His family _ very big and all his family _ watching TV when I arrived.was; were B. was; was C. were; were D. were; was2. Our class _ talking about the news That Class 3 _ won the first place.A. Is; has B. is; have C. are; have D. are; has,( A ),( D ),热点8 一日三餐前是否加冠词表示一日三餐的名词前通常不加冠词，如have breakfast, before supper等。但是，当这类名词前有形容词、分词等修饰语时，则需加冠词。,例题_ walk is expected to last all day, so bring _ packed lunch. ( 2007.山东 .21)A; a B. The; / C. The; a D. A; /2. He treated me to _ lunch and it was _ wonderful lunch indeed.A. a; a B. /; a C. /; / D. a; /,( C ),( B ),热点9 用于形容词或分词前的定冠词有些形容词或分词前加定冠词the表示一类人，作主语时视为复数，如 the poor, the rich, the injured等。,例题The rich _ to get happiness with money while the poor _ willing to get both.wants; are B. wants; is C. want; are D. want; is2. The wounded in the battle _ sent to _ front hospital.was; a B. were; the C. was; the D. were; a,( C ),( B ),热点10 有无冠词，含义不同有些名词前，特别是用在短语中时，其前可以加冠词，也可以不加，但含义不同。此类词若无冠词，指“从事相关活动”，若有冠词，仅指动作的去向或场所。,例题George couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church. ( 2007.重庆 . 24)/; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a2. -Who is in _ charge of the job? - Oh, I know. The job is in _ charge of Bob.A. /; the B. /; / C. a; the D. the; /,( C ),( A ),热点11 用于姓氏前的冠词定冠词用于姓氏复数前，表示夫妇二人或一家，不定冠词用于姓氏前，表示“某个名叫.的人”。,例题- Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, Please?- Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. ( 2007. 全国 II .19 )A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /,( B ),热点12 职务、头衔之前有无冠词职务、头衔之前常不加冠词，尤其是当此名词作表语、补足语时，但作主语时常加定冠词。,例题People of America made Bush _ president of the USA that time.The B. a C. / D. an_ president of the USA is to visit China.A. The B. A C. An D. /,( C ),( A ),热点13 冠词用于固定搭配固定搭配中的冠词，定冠词、不定冠