4、SCI科研论文英语写作全攻略12节视频pptw 02

酸谈学社 上海尤里卡信息科技有限公司版权所有 英语科研论文写作 第 二 章 时态和动词使用 Kevin主讲人 时态回顾 A brief review of tense 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 时态 （Tense） Tenses PresentPastFutureFuture-in-the-past Aspects Simplego(es)wentwill gowould go Continuousam/is/are going was/were going will be goingwould be going Perfecthave/has gonehad gonewill have gonewould have gone Perfect continuous have/has been going had been going will have been going would have been going 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 时态 （Tense） Tenses PresentPastFutureFuture-in-the-past Aspects Simplego(es)wentwill gowould go Continuousam/is/are going was/were going will be goingwould be going Perfecthave/has gonehad gonewill have gonewould have gone Perfect continuous have/has been going had been going will have been going would have been going 科研论文的时态原则 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 科研论文的时态原则 问题：写科研论文时应该用过去时还是现在时？ Introduction: 描述一个现象或事实时现在时；描述别人的工作过去时；复述别人的 结论现在时 Materials and methods: 过去时 Results: 描述实验过程过去时；描述实验现象过去时 Discussion: 描述本研究的结果过去时；其余同Introduction Conclusion: 描述本研究的结论现在时 一般说来，一个段落中时态一般保持一致，不宜混用。 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 Case study The role of SPC24 in tumorigenesis awaits clarification. It has been reported that simultaneous disruption of both SPC24 and SPC25 genes renders the cell to be spindle checkpoint defective, which allows the cell to bypass mitosis in the absence of correct chromosomal segregation (8, 9), a process that resembles the features of the onset of tumorigenesis. High levels of CDCA1 (also known as NUF2, NDC80 kinetochore complex component), KNTC2 (kinetochore associated 2), SPC24, and SPC25 have been found to be correlated with colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma tumors (10, 11). Intriguingly, our initial investigation in Oncomine datasets indicated that SPC24 is up- regulated in lung adenocarcinoma tumors as well. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed at testing the hypothesis that SPC24 may promote tumorigenesis and progression of human lung cancer. 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 Case study Dysregulated proliferation and apoptosis are the hallmarks of tumorigenicity of cancer cells. Since SPC24 is up- regulated in lung adenocarcinoma, we wondered if SPC24 regulates cell growth and apoptosis in lung cancer. We knocked down SPC24 in two non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, PC9 and A549 (Fig. 2), and measured proliferation and apoptosis in these cells. It was evident that the SPC24-knockdown (siSPC24) cells grew significantly slower than the control knockdown (siN) ones at all the time points tested (i.e. 24, 72, and 96 h) 动词的使用 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 动词的使用 语态选择：主动语态 VS 被动语态 现代论文一般建议使用主动语态 一般情况 Materials and methods里还是用被动语态 例外 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 Case study Previous work has suggested that disruption of SPC24 renders the cell to be spindle checkpoint defective and confers uncontrolled mitosis (8). High SPC24 level has been reported for colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma tumors (10, 11). Therefore, we first performed Oncomine analysis in published datasets to examine the SPC24 levels in human lung adenocarcinomas (Fig. 1) (12, 13). Interestingly, Oncomine box-plot of SPC24 expression levels between lung adenocarcinoma and normal samples in multiple datasets showed that SPC24 is consistently over-expressed in lung adenocarcinomas (i.e. 1.5-fold or higher) compared with normal tissues (p 10-6, Fig. 1A) (14-17), indicating a positive role of SPC24 in tumorigenesis of human lung cancer. To further confirm the Oncomine results, we performed IHC analysis in clinical lung tumor samples. Consistent with the Oncomine analysis, we found positive staining of SPC24 is strongly correlated with tumors but not normal tissues 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 动词的使用 主动语态 VS 被动语态 1. 现代论文一般建议使用主动语态 2. 例外：Materials and methods里还是用被动语态 动词的生动性和变化性 1. 避免动词“名词化” 名词化的动词通常显得冗余啰嗦 2. 动词的使用要有变化 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 Case study 动词“名词化” KAP1 silencing in breast cancer cells caused reduced proliferation and inhibition of cell growth KAP1 silencing in breast cancer cells reduced proliferation and inhibited cell growth 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 Case study 动词“名词化” KAP1 silencing in breast cancer cells caused reduced proliferation and inhibition of cell growth KAP1 silencing in breast cancer cells reduced proliferation and inhibited cell growth This study demonstrates significant relevance to This study is significantly related/relevant to 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 Case study As a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, lung cancer is difficult to treat among the major cancers. The five- year survival rate of lung cancer is the lowest compared with colon, breast and prostate cancers (1). Despite many therapeutic endeavors, the survival rate remains low, and is at about 15% five years after treatment (2). The most frequent genetic alterations in lung cancer include mutations in TP53, EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor), KRAS,EML4-ALK(echinodermmicrotubule-associatedprotein-like4-anaplasticlymphomakinase) rearrangements, and altered MET (tyrosine-protein kinase Met) signaling, which play critical roles in tumorigenesis of lung cancer, and therefore affecting the clinical sensitivity to targeted therapy (3, 4). The fact that targeted therapy has been successful in a subset of tumors requires a better understanding of the pathological mechanisms by which these oncogenic alterations cause tumorigenesis of lung cancer (5). Searching for novel molecular targets has thus become important for improving targeted therapy of lung cancer. 动词的使用：生动性 修改后： 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 Case study 动词的使用：生动性 As a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, lung cancer remains refractory among the major cancers. The five- year survival rate of lung cancer continues to be the lowest compared with colon, breast and prostate cancers (1). Despite many therapeutic endeavors, the survival rate remains bleak, and staggers at about 15% five years after treatment (2). The most frequent genetic alterations in lung cancer include mutations in TP53, EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor), KRAS, EML4-ALK (echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase) rearrangements, and altered MET (tyrosi