2020高考英语二轮复习课堂学案课件-阅读理解之细节推断题

,专题三阅读理解,真题感悟,名师点津,随堂限时练,第二节推理判断题,一、细节推断题,PART1,真题感悟,(2019江苏，C)WhocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheInternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthanthewashingmachine？Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpressedbythemostrecentchanges?Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeoplesopinions.However，theyhaverealimpacts，astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.,ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)revolution，representedbytheInternet，hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso“yesterday”thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin“post-industrialsociety”hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造业)，withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.,Evenmoreworryingly，thefascinationwiththeInternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmovedtheinternationalcommunitytoworryaboutthe“digitaldivide”betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries.ThishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodevelopingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandInternetfacilities.Thequestion，however，iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells，extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeopleslivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingupInternetcentresinruralvillages.Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant，butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.,Inyetanotherexample，afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweliveina“borderlessworld”.Asaresult，inthelasttwentyyearsorso，manypeoplehavecometobelievethatwhateverchangeishappeningtodayistheresultofgreattechnologicalprogress，goingagainstwhichwillbeliketryingtoturntheclockback.Believinginsuchaworld，manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncross-borderflowsofcapital，labourandgoods，withpoorresults.,Understandingtechnologicaltrendsisveryimportantforcorrectlydesigningeconomicpolicies，bothatthenationalandtheinternationallevels，andformakingtherightcareerchoicesattheindividuallevel.However，ourfascinationwiththelatest，andourunder-valuationofwhathasalreadybecomecommon，can，andhas，ledusinallsortsofwrongdirections.,语篇解读对于新科技作用的误判可能会误导人们对已有的技术的认识和使用，影响对社会的认知。,61.Misjudgmentsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadto.A.alackofconfidenceintechnologyBaslowprogressintechnologyC.aconflictorpublicopinionsD.awasteoflimitedresources,解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However，theyhaverealimpacts，astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.”可知，对于新技术影响的误判导致了对于稀缺资源的误用，故选D。,62.TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould.A.takepeoplesessentialneedsintoaccountB.maketheirprogrammesattractivetopeopleC.ensurethateachchildgetsfinancialsupportD.providemoreaffordableInternetfacilities,解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Thequestion，however，iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells，extendingelectricitynetworksand.inruralvillages.”可知，作者想通过事例说明捐赠者应该考虑人们的基本要求，而不要片面地认为有了高科技产品，受赠者的生活水平就会产生巨大飞跃。故本题答案为A。,63.Whathasledmanygovernmentstoremovenecessaryregulations?A.Neglectingtheimpactsoftechnologicaladvances.B.Believingthattheworldhasbecomeborderless.C.Ignoringthepowerofeconomicdevelopment.D.Over-emphasizingtheroleofinternationalcommunication.,解析细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，随着通信和交通运输技术的发展，人们认为我们生活在一个“无国界的世界”，由此许多政府取消了一些必要的规则，故本题答案为B。,64.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtomakemoredonations.B.Traditionaltechnologystillhasaplacenowadays.C.Makingrightcareerchoicesiscrucialtopersonalsuccess.D.Economicpoliciesshouldfollowtechnologicaltrends.,解析推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章最后一段中的“However，ourfascination.wrongdirections.”可知，我们对于最新技术的入迷，和对于已经普遍存在的技术作用的低估会将我们引向错误的方向，即传统的技术在当今仍有着重要的作用。故B项符合文意。,PART2,名师点津,一、题型解读细节推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(作出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.2.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.3.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.4.Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat.,二、解题技巧关键词句细推敲第一步：定位细节根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息(关键词语)。第二步：揣摩细节对原文中的信息进行分析，推理判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。2.勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。,例如：【真题感悟】中的第62题：根据第四段中的“Thequestion，however，iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells，extendingelectricitynetworksand.inruralvillages.”可知，作者想通过事例说明捐赠者应该考虑人们的基本要求，而不要片面地认为有了高科技产品，受赠者的生活水平就会产生巨大飞跃。故本题答案为A。,PART3,随堂限时练,AThisweek，amammoth(猛犸象)possiblykilledbyhumans10,000to15,000yearsagowasfoundinsoyfieldsabout50mileswestofDetroit.ItwasfoundbyfarmerJamesBristleandhisneighborTrentSatterthwaite，whowerereportedlydigginginthefield.Atfirst，theycouldnt1figureoutwhattheywereseeing.“Itwasprobablyaribbonethatcameup，”BristletellsAnnArborNews.“Wethoughtitwasabentfence9post.”Uponcloser6inspection，however，itbecamecleareventountrainedeyesthiswasnofencepost.“Weknewitwassomethingspecial.”Thentheyspedupthedig.,AfterfindingthebonesMondaynight，BristlecalledtheUniversityofMichiganTuesdaymorningtoreporthisfind.ScientistDanielFisherarrivedtoinspectitWednesday，andbyThursdaymorninghehad2confirmeditsawoollymammoth.Heconcludestheanimalwasabout40yearsoldwhenitdied.Itwashuntedbyhumans，hesays，whokilleditandstoredtheremainsinapondasawayof7preservingthemeatforfutureuse.Its4stilltooearlytotellexactlyhowitdied，FishertellsDetroitsWWJ-TV，“buttheskeletonshowedsignsofhumansbutchering.”,11Thebonesarebeing3temporarilystorednearby，accordingtotheFreePress，anditremainsunclearwheretheylleventuallyendup.Theirresearchvaluewillbedeterminedoncetheyvebeencleanedanddried.WoollymammothsoncelivedinEurasiaandNorthAmerica，andmostdisappearedby10,000yearsagoademise(终止)thathasbeenlinkednotonlytohumans，butalsotochangingclimate.Itsnowbelievedthatwarmingweather8weakenedtheirpopulationsbeforehumansdealtthefinalblows.,语篇解读一位农民及其邻居在底特律附近的地里发现了猛犸象的尸骨，迹象表明它们是被人类捕杀的。科学家们对此正在进行进一步的研究。,1.HowdidJamesBristleandhisneighborfindwhattheyfoundatfirst?A.Itsdelicate.B.Itsold.C.Itsunique.D.Itsworthless.,解析推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句“Itwasprobablyaribbonethatcameup，BristletellsAnnArborNews.Wethoughtitwasabentfencepost.”可知，JamesBristle和他邻居认为最早发现的猛犸象的肋骨是一根弯曲的栅栏柱子，没有什么价值。故选D。,2.Whatcanweknowaboutthemammothaccordingtothetext?A.Itmightdieinits40s.B.ItwasnativetoEurasia.C.Itpreferredwalkinginthefields.D.Itmainlydiedfromclimatechange.,解析细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Heconcludestheanimalwasabout40yearsoldwhenitdied.”可知，这头猛犸象死时大约40岁。故选A。,3.WhichisDanielFishersopinion?A.Thebonesarewellworthstudying.B.Themammothwaskilledbyabutcher.C.Thenewfoundsitehasevidenceofhumanactivity.D.Itsunclearwhethertheboneswereamammoths.,解析推理判断题。根据第三段第四句“Itwashuntedbyhumans，hesays，whokilleditandstoredtheremainsinapondasawayofpreservingthemeatforfutureuse.”和最后一句中的“.buttheskeletonshowedsignsofhumansbutchering.”可知，DanielFisher认为发现猛犸象的地方以前有人类活动的痕迹。故选C。,4.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphmean?A.Driedtheirbones.B.Tooktheirlives.C.Destroyedtheirhome.D.Preservedtheirmeat.,解析句意猜测题。此处指现在人们相信在人类对它们进行最后的打击之前，气候变暖使猛犸象的数量减少了。人类的最后打击指人类对猛犸象的大量捕杀。故选B。,BBarcelonasfamousSegradaFamiliaisfinallysettogetabuildinglicence，137yearsafterworkonthestilluncompletedchurchbegan.12ConstructionontheUNESCOWorldHeritagebasilica(长方形基督教堂)，whichisBarcelonasmostvisitedtouristattraction，beganin1882basedonadesignbyarchitectFranciscoLozano.However，whenhesteppeddown，architectAntoniGauditookoverthedesignin1883.Thebuildingwontbefinisheduntil2026onehundredyearsafterthearchitectwaskilledbyastreetcarinthecity.HisbodywasburiedinaroomundertheflooroftheSagradaFamilia.,Togetitspaperworkrubber10stamped，thechurchauthoritieshaveagreedtofinallypaythegovernmenta36millionfeeforabuildingpermit.Gaudiwastoldtogetthepaperworkprocessed，butthearchitectfailedtodosoproceedingwithconstructionregardless.Themoneyfromthechurchspermitwillbeusedtoupgradetransportlinksandbeautifythearea.GaudiandhisworkshavebecomesymbolsofBarcelona，thecapitalcityofCatalonia，northeastSpain.,GaudiplayedanactiveroleindirectingtheconstructionoftheSagradaFamiliauntilhisdeathin1926.Hewouldoftenrequestthatworkbemodifiedandadjusteduntilitwasexactlywhathehadinmind.However，5interpretationofthedesignsbypresentdayarchitectsisparticularlychallengingbecauseofthenatureoftheexistingdesigns.TheunfinishedbuildingiscalledamasterpieceofGothicarchitectureanditisperhapsthemostuniqueandmysteriousbuildinginthestyleeverconstructed.Thepopularityofthesitewithtouristshashelpedfundthepushtocompletethechurchandpayforthepaperwork.,语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了巴塞罗那著名的SegradaFamilia教堂终于获得了建筑许可。这座137年前开始建造的尚未完工的教堂又开始动工了。,5.WhatdoweknowabouttheSegradaFamilia?A.Ithasbeencompletelyconstructed.B.ItwasfirstdesignedbyAntoniGaudi.C.Itwillgetabuildingpermitin2026.D.Itbegantobebuilt137yearsago.,解析细节理解题。根据第一段“BarcelonasfamousSegradaFamiliaisfinallysettogetabuildinglicence，137yearsafterworkonthestilluncompletedchurchbegan.”可知，SegradaFamilia始建于137年前。故选D。,6.WhatcanweinferaboutAntoniGaudi?A.Hewishedtobeburiedinthechurch.B.Heisrememberedasagreatarchitect.C.Hedidntknowapermitwasnecessary.D.Heistoblamefortheunfinishedchurch.,解析推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“GaudiandhisworkshavebecomesymbolsofBarcelona，thecapitalcityofCatalonia，northeastSpain.”和第四段第一句“GaudiplayedanactiveroleindirectingtheconstructionoftheSagradaFamiliauntilhisdeathin1926.”可推知，AntoniGaudi是一位伟大的建筑师。故选B。,7.WhatmakestheSegradaFamiliasopopular?A.Itsunusualdesignstyle.B.Itstwofamousarchitects.C.Itsspecialbuildingmaterials.D.Itsillegalconstructionpaperwork.,解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“TheunfinishedbuildingiscalledamasterpieceofGothicarchitectureanditisperhapsthemostuniqueandmysteriousbuildinginthestyleeverconstructed.”可知，独特的设计风格让SegradaFamilia大受欢迎。故选A。,8.Thechurchmanagedtopayforthelicence.A.inthesupportofthegovernmentB.byreducingconstructioncostsC.withtheaidoftouristincomeD.throughdonationsfromarchitects,解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，该座教堂没有建筑许可证。再根据最后一段的末句“Thepopularityofthesitewithtouristshashelpedfundthepushtocompletethechurchandpayforthepaperwork.”可知，教堂通过旅游收入来支付建筑许可证的费用。故选C。,做完以上两篇阅读后，巧妙运用语境，解决障碍词和长难句,素材提炼再拓展,.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1.Ittookthemaboutonemonthtofigureouthowtostarttheequipment._2.Toconfirmtheresults，hemadecalculationsbasedonhisowndata，whoseresultswerealmostthesame._3.Thedailyflighttothecityhasbeentemporarilydelayedbecauseoftheearthquake._4.Thesun，atleast，sofarasweareconcerned，isstandingstill._5.Itsdifficulttoputanaccurateinterpretationonthesurveyresultswithoutenoughreference._,弄清,v.确认,adv.暂时地,adj.静止的,n.解释,(二)同义词语替换6.OnarrivalinAustraliayoumustdeclareallfood，plantmaterialandanimalproductsforinspectiontoensuretheyarefreeofpestsanddiseases._7.Thesocietywassetuptopreserveendangeredspeciesfromextinction._8.Frequentlycheckingyourmessagesandmicroblogscanweakenyourconcentrationandproductivity._