CompetitiveMarketsPPT模板.ppt

ManagerialEconomics,ppt模板下载,1,CompetitiveMarkets,perfectcompetitionmarketequilibriumsupplyshiftdemandshiftadjustmenttimereceiptsvis-visincidence,ManagerialEconomics,ppt模板下载,2,Question-1,Ashippinglinesmajorvariablecostsarefuelandlabor,whileitsmajorfixedcostistheinvestmentinthevessels.Ifthecostoffueldropsby15%,whatwillbetheeffectonthepriceandquantityofshippingservices?Whatwillbetheeffectofaninterestratecut?,ManagerialEconomics,ppt模板下载,3,Question-2,Manufacturersofconsumergoodsoftenselltheirproductsthroughretailers.Manufacturersfrequentlycomplainthat,whentheyreducewholesaleprices,theirretailersdonotreduceretailpricesbythesameamount.Whatisthesourceofthis“problem”?,ManagerialEconomics,ppt模板下载,4,Question-3,Amajorissueformanufacturersofindustrialgoodssuchascementiswhethertheirpricesshouldincludethecostsofshipmenttotheconsumer.Howwouldthemarketforcementbeaffectedifmanufacturersswitchedfrompricinginclusiveoffreighttoex-workspricing?,ManagerialEconomics,ppt模板下载,5,PerfectCompetition,homogeneousproduct(gold,mineralwater)manybuyers(gold,uranium)manysellers(silver,platinum)freeentryandexit(internetservice),equalinformation(photocopyservices,medicalservices),ManagerialEconomics,ppt模板下载,6,TheJapaneseBeerMarket,Until1994,thefourdomesticmanufacturerscontrolledovera95%share.TheMinistryofFinanceissuedproductionlicensestobrewerswithaminimumof2mLitersayearandlimitedsaleslicensestosmallfamily-ownedstoresthattendedtostickwiththebigfourbrewers.,ManagerialEconomics,ppt模板下载,7,MarketEquilibrium,Definition:thepriceatwhichthequantitydemandedequalsthequantitysuppliedexcesssupplytriggersapricedecreaseexcessdemandtriggersapriceincreasewhenmarketisnotinequilibrium,marketforcespushpricetowardsequilibrium,ManagerialEconomics,ppt模板下载,8,0,20,22,8,10,11,supply,demand,a,b,c,equilibrium,excesssupply,Quantity(Millionton-milesayear),Price($perton-mile),MarketEquilibrium,ManagerialEconomics,ppt模板下载,9,SupplyShift,supplyshiftsdown(up)demandremainsfixedlower(higher)price,larger(smaller)quantityfinalequilibriumdependsonelasticitiesofdemandandsupply,ManagerialEconomics,ppt模板下载,10,0,19.60,20,10,10.4,originalsupply,newsupply,demand,60cents,60cents,c,e,b,d,Quantity(Millionton-milesayear),Price($perton-mile),a,SupplyShift,ManagerialEconomics,ppt模板下载,11,PriceElasticitiesofDemand,0,10,19.40,20,originalsupply,newsupply,demand,60cents,60cents,c,b,0,10,10.6,20,newsupply,originalsupply,demand,60cents,60cents,b,c,Extremelyinelasticdemand,Extremelyelasticdemand,Quantity(Millionton-milesayear),Quantity(Millionton-milesayear),Price($perton-mile),Price($perton-mile),e,e,ManagerialEconomics,ppt模板下载,12,0,20,10,demand,a,b,originalandnewsupply,0,10,11,19.40,20,60cents,60cents,a,b,originalsupply,newsupply,demand,Price($perton-mile),Price($perton-mile),Quantity(Millionton-milesayear),Quantity(Millionton-milesayear),Extremelyinelasticsupply,Extremelyelasticsupply,PriceElasticitiesofSupply,ManagerialEconomics,ppt模板下载,13,TheDemandforFrenchProducts,ThesuppliesofFrenchagricultureproducts(suchasfoiegrasandbutter)toworldmarketsdependontheexchangeratebetweentheFrenchfrancandotherworldcurrencies.Supposethatthefrancbecomes10%moreexpensive,howwillitaffectthepricesoffoiegrasandbutteronworldmarkets?,ManagerialEconomics,ppt模板下载,14,WholesalePriceCuts,Afrequentcomplaintamongmanufacturersofconsumergoodsisthat,whentheyreducewholesaleprices,theirretailerstakebiggermarginsinsteadofpassingonthefullreductiontoconsumers.Whatisthecauseofthisproblem?Lackofretailcompetition,orthepriceelasticitiesofretaildemandandsupply.,ManagerialEconomics,ppt模板下载,15,DemandShift,demandshiftsup(down)supplyremainsfixedhigher(lower)price,larger(smaller)quantityfinalequilibriumdependsonpriceelasticitiesofdemandandsupply,ManagerialEconomics,ppt模板下载,16,0,20,10,10.8,supply,newdemand,originaldemand,1million,a,f,b,c,1million,Quantity(Millionton-milesayear),Price($perton-mile),DemandShift,ManagerialEconomics,ppt模板下载,17,SupplyonValentinesDay,Peoplebuygreetingcardsandrosesthroughouttheyear.AsValentinesDayapproaches,however,cardsandrosesbecomenecessities.Thepriceofrosesalwaysincreasesmuchmoresharplythanthepriceofgreetingcards.Why?,ManagerialEconomics,ppt模板下载,18,AdjustmentTime,shortrundemand+supplyshortrunequilibriumlongrundemand+supplylongrunequilibrium,ManagerialEconomics,ppt模板下载,19,0,20,22,100,105,price,short-runaveragevariablecost,short-runmarginalcost,Quantity(Thousandton-milesayear),Quantity(Thousandton-milesayear),0,20,22,10,12,short-rundemand,short-runsupply,1million,a,c,Price($perton-mile),Price($perton-mile),(a)Individualseller,(b)Market,Short-RunMarketEquilibrium,ManagerialEconomics,ppt模板下载,20,0,20,21,100,originallong-runaveragecost,newlong-runaveragecost,long-runmarginalcost,Quantity(Thousandton-milesayear),Quantity(Thousandton-milesayear),0,20,21,10,13,long-rundemand,long-runsupply,1million,a,d,Price($perton-mile),Price($perton-mile),(a)Individualseller,(b)Market,Long-RunMarketEquilibrium,ManagerialEconomics,ppt模板下载,21,GeneralPrinciples,Inresponsetoshiftsindemandand/orsupply,themarketpriceismorevolatileintheshortrunthanthelongrun.thereisagreaterchangeinthemarketquantityoverthelongrunthanintheshortrun.,ManagerialEconomics,ppt模板下载,22,0,1.50,1,CFsupply,a,Quantity(Millionpoundsayear),Price($perpound),ex-workssupply,CFdemand,ex-worksdemand,b,25cents,25cents,PricingandFreightCost,ManagerialEconomics,ppt模板下载,23,PromotingRetailSales,Cents-offcouponsWhenconsumersmakepurchases,theycanredee