高中英语教学论文 如何提高高考英语听力成绩

农村中学英语听力现状分析及教学策略在现在江苏省的英语高考中，听力考试为20分，在高考试卷中占的比分是六分之一，仅次于阅读和作文两个专项，其重要性由此可见。因此，分析听力考试的特点及应考策略对于学生挺立水平的提高及英语教学都具有重要的意义。一、 听力考试的考查特点高考英语听力测试的目的是考查学生理解口头英语的能力。听力理解材料不同与阅读材料，它的语言结构不如书面语言那么严谨、正式、规范，属于交际性语言。它来源与生活，具有口语特征，诸如重音，略音、拖长音、被打断、语序颠倒、犹豫、停顿、重复与思考等，句子简短，话题自然，语音语调纯正。1.语速特点：听力部分的朗读速度约为每分钟4245个单词，低于或相当于高中英语教学大纲中规定的语速。2.语音特点：在高考英语的考试说明中，并没有对听力部分的语音做出任何规定。这两年高考英语听力试题一般都是英音。但是语言学习一定要体现出其真实性、交际性和实用性。所以，以后的听力部分肯定也会出现美音，澳大利亚式英语发音，甚至还会有背景音。3.内容特点：来源于生活，体现生活，和我们日常生活有密切联系。具体涉及到的话题有：问路，购物，助人，询问时间，问候，新闻，约会，打电话，等等。话题的内容基本上都是在教学大纲规定的高中生英语知识与能力要求的范围内。4.试题特点：试题包括简短对话、对话、独白等题型，共分两节。第一节是五段短对话（一般为一问一答形式），每段对话后设一个小题（共5小题，每小题1分），要求考生从每小题所给的三个选项中选出最佳选项，每段对话的录音材料仅读一遍。第二节是五段长对话或独白，每段对话或独白后设几个小题（共15小题，每小题1分），要求考生从每小题所给的三个选项中选出最佳选项，每段对话或独白的录音材料读两遍。对话部分由一男一女朗读（一般为英音），谈话双方的声音特点明显不同，身份明确；考生实际的听力理解时间一般控制为20分钟左右。无论是上述哪一种类型的试题，都将放在真实的语境中进行考查，而不会把脱离语境的语言材料作为考试内容。（1）要求考生对特定情景中的对话或独白的整体输入和理解。听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。(2020年江苏高考卷)W: Good morning, everybody. Today for our writing class, we are glad to have Mr. Henry Stone with us. A well know writer in this country, he is going to share with us his writing experiences. Now, Henry, please tell us how you find so many interesting things for your stories.M: Ok, I watch people a lot, I do that when I travel, I have been to many countries such as Britain, Italy, and Sweden. So I spent a lot of time at the airports, while waiting for my flights, I watch people passing by and start my imagination. For example, the other day when I was waiting for my flight to Greece, I saw a couple, they were buying magazines at that moment, they were not wearing business clothes, but the man was carrying a suitcase, every few seconds, the women looked around, I wondered someone was following them. Perhaps they were running away and, you know, this reminded me of a story in the newspaper that day: a banker stole one million ponds a week before and disappeared with his wife, there was a picture of them in the paper, the couple really looked like the thieves, maybe I should stop them. Just then, I saw them say goodbye to each other. And the women walked away. Well, sometimes I make mistakes like that, but I find things like that very useful for my writing,17What does Mr. Henry Stone do?AA bank clerk BA teacher CA writer18What does Henry like doing at airports?AWatching people BTelling stories CReading magazines19What did Henry learn from the newspaper that day?AA valuable suitcase was missing BA man stole money from a bank CA woman ran away from home20Why was the woman at the airport? AShe was traveling on business BShe was seeing the man off（2）要求考生对特定情景中表达的信息有效的输入和准确的理解。(2020年江苏高考卷)M: Excuse me, I think you are in my seat.W: Sorry, but it says 7A on my boarding card.M: Oh, uh, right, I asked for window seat, you see.W: yes, so did I, whats your seat number?M: Lets see, oh, its 8A.W: Yes, I guess you are in the seat behind me.M : Oh, yes, sorry about that.6What is the man doing?AChanging seats on the plane BAsking for a window seat CTrying to find his seat 7What is the womans seat number?A6A B7A C8A（3）考查考生同时存贮和加工多条信息的能力听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。(2020年江苏高考卷)M: I am sure youve noticed a lot of things that are different about our school.W: Oh, yes, in the United States, we dont have to carry a big school bag with us like you do.M: Why is that?W: We have a locker of our own which is a small box with a lock within textbooks and our personal things in it. I just bring a day pack to school.M: A day pack?W: Yes, it is a small bag which you carry on your back.M: What do you carry in it?W: My notebooks, or a few books for homework.M: Thats convenient. Is there anything else youve noticed about our school?W: Yes, I am surprised that everyone is so silent in class.M: What do you mean?W: Well, we usually ask questions about exams, homework or textbooks on the first day of the school year. The teachers like such questions.M: So you thought it different.W: Yes, I expected to see a lot of discussions in class, because we learned that way in the United States.M: I see, that would be a good topic for our school newspaper for the fist month of the term. Nice talking with you. See you around. Bye.W: Bye.13What is a daypack?AA box BA bag CA lock14What surprises the girl at school? AA lot of discussions in class BTeachers giving little homeworkCFew students asking questions in class15At what time of the school term does the conversation most probably take place?AAt the end of itBIn the middle of itCAt the beginning of it16What do we know about the girl? AShe is new to the schoolBShe writes for the school newspaper CShe seldom asks questions in class二、提高英语听力的策略首先，在日常的学习中，要注重方法的积累。1、要有意识地给自己营造一个“练耳朵”的语言环境。学语言需要有一个可供学习者反复磨练的语言环境。母语为英语的婴儿，不用进行专门的听力训练，便可自然而然地慢慢听懂周围人所讲的话，其原因在于他们一生下来便有了一个天然的英语语言环境。而我国的英语学习者不仅没有这一得天独厚的条件，相反还要受到与英语完全不同的汉语和汉文化环境的影响。为了弥补这一先天不足，我们应该利用一切手段营造一个可供自己“练耳朵”的英语环境。比如用录音带进行听力训练。它投资小，更换方便，且宜保存，而更重要的是它能满足听力训练中最基本的“反复播放”，“反复训练”的要求。在我们学校，每周二、四、日晚读时间给全校学生统一播放听力。学生从入校开始到高三毕业，三年训练下来，大部分学生的听力成绩得到了有效的提高。2、 朗读练听力。读是听的基础，语感也是通过朗读来培养的。许国璋老先生曾有一句话，把语音学好了以后就会尝到甜头的。这句话是千真万确的，只有会正确读出口来才会听懂。让每一个词的发音在大脑里留有一个印象，再一次听到这个词时，就会与大脑里的那个印象相契合并且迅速做出反应，这样就容易听懂得多了。所以，掌握准确的发音、语法及大量词汇是非常必要的。听力是一种接受性技能，与语音、词汇、语法和背景知识等关系密切。试设想，如果你的语音不准，甚至错误，你又怎能听懂正确的发音呢？因此必须有敏锐的辨音能力和一定的词汇量。从句子固定的结构和句型中，进行正确的听觉反馈，才能听懂别人的内容。3、要牢牢把握“精听”与“泛听”的有机结合。精讲的是质，泛讲的是量，只有两者有机结合才能产生学习的质量。精听时要有蚂蚁啃骨头的精神，对精听音带中的每一篇文章都要逐词、逐句、逐段地听出来，遇到听不懂或听不清之处，最好不要轻易去翻看书中原文，而要靠自己的耐心和毅力，从反反复复的练听中判断出其准确的意思。通篇内容基本听懂后，可以再一边听一边将全文笔录下来，然后对照书中原文，看看笔录有什么问题，分析其原因是语音、拼音、词汇还是语法？然后有的放矢地加以解决。之后，还要做一遍“边听边译”训练，然后再对照书中所附的参考译文，以检验自己听力理解的程度并找出问题。此外，在精听中遇到的生词或词语，均应设法消化吸收。精听一定要和泛听相结合，而且在内容上要有联系。泛听讲究的是听的速度、数量以及对文章的整体理解，而不是纠缠于某一词、某一句的含义在进行这种“精听”训练时，您需要特别注意四点。 第一点是：某些英语单词的弱读。比如介词of，它的音标是ov(ohot中间的那个元音)，但它通常被弱化成ev(emaker的第二个元音)，有时甚至被弱化成v或f，您在“精听”一条新闻时，一定要把所有的弱读单词听出来。第二点是：某些英语单词的连读。比如在“精听”时，听到一个生词，发音好象是notatal，不像是外国的人名、地名，而且英汉词典中也查不到，这时，您就应当想到，它很可能是两个(或两个以上)单词的连读，按照这个思路，您应当猜出它是not at all。 第三点是：某些单音节的英语单词。多音节的单词，比如foreign、minister、information等，由于音节多，很容易听出来，比较麻烦的是那些单音节单词，比如did、was、him等，只有一个音节，发音时间短促，很容易被忽略，因此在“精听”时，一定要重点识别这些单音节单词。 第四点是：单词与头脑的同步。弱读、连读、单音节单词这三个问题解决之后，最后的问题就是“单词与头脑的同步”，也就是您每听到一个单词，头脑中必须马上想到这个单词的中文意思，比如听到Russia，马上想到“俄国”，听到president，马上想到“总统”，听到visit，马上想到“访问”，等等。其次，在考试中，也要