Education-East-vs.-West中西方教育对比PPT课件

.,1,EDUCATION:CHINAVS.AMERICA,.,2,TheofficialInstitutions(官学）：originatedduringthewesternZhouDynasty,sponsoredbytheofficialconstitution,onlyforthechildrenofthenobles.ThePrivateSchool(私学）：resultofthecontentionofhundredsofschoolsofphilosophy,runbythelocalscholars,highlydevelopedintheSongDynasty.,.,3,.,4,TheCivilServiceExaminationSystem(keju科舉),The“FifthInvention”HonourRollZhuangyuan状元bangyan榜眼tanhua探花,TheNationalThreeHallSystem,1102-1121,.,5,SixArts(六艺)ritual;music;archery;driving;calligraphyandmathematics礼（礼节）、乐（音乐）、射（射箭）御（驾车）、书（识字）、数（算数）,.,6,MultiplesourcesConfucianideals“Tolearn,andthenhaveoccasiontopracticewhatyouhavelearnedisthisnotsatisfying?”學而時習之，不亦樂乎？“Ineducationthereshouldbenoclassdistinctions.”有教無類。“HavinginthemorningheardtheWay,onecoulddiethateveningwithoutregret!”朝聞道，夕死可矣！,.,7,AbolishmentofExaminations,1905ImpactsonthecountrysideMayFourthMovement,1919ChineseCommunistRevolutionSocialisteducationReorganizationofhighereducation,1952SovietcurriculumEstablishmentoftechnologicalschoolsCancellationofsocialsciencedepartmentsRecentdevelopmentRapidgrowthStatecontrolledinstitutionsWesterninfluencesPracticalconcerns,.,8,Sovietinstitutions,IvanAndreyevichKairov凯洛夫(1893-1978)SovieteducatorPrinciples:partyspirit,state-orientedMoraleducation:Communistworldview,nationalismPedagogyCenteredontheclassroomTeacher-centeredStandardizedcurriculumFixedconclusionsandanswersEmphasizingsciencesandtechnologiesOrganizationalmethodsClassadviser(banzhuren班主任)Classcommittee(banweihui班委会),.,9,UnitedStatesColonialperiodBostonLatinSchool,1635(Highschool)Harvard,1636;WilliamandMaryCollege,1693;Yale,1701;Princeton,1747After1776GrowthofpublicschoolsJohnDewey(1859-1952)“ProgressiveEducation”PurposeofeducationNottoacquireskillsandknowledgeButtorealizeonesfullpotential,.,10,PrinciplesparticipationdiscussioncriticalthinkingopenenvironmentLearningbydoing,.,11,师者，所以传道授业解惑也。Ittakesateachertotransmitwisdom,impartknowledgeandresolvedoubts.师道尊严Dignityoftheteachingprofession一日为师，终身为父。Ateacherforadayisafatherforalifetime.,.,12,AcademicachievementSTEMperformance,SampleGREMathQuestion,SampleChineseGraduateSchoolEntranceExaminationQuestion,.,13,Qualityofhighereducationalinstitutions15outof20bestworlduniversitiesareintheUS,CWUR,2014,TimesHigherEducation,2013-14,.,14,Economicresources7.3%ofGDPusedforeducationintheUS$11,000-$15,000perstudentComparedtoJapan($8,000)andSouthKorea($7,000)RicheliteuniversitiesHarvardsEndowment:$32billion,.,15,AcademicenvironmentGlobalvision(ExamplesfromCornellUniversity)AreastudiesAfricanaStudiesAsianStudiesChinaandAsia-PacificStudiesGermanStudiesJewishStudiesLatinAmericanStudiesLatinoStudiesNearEasternStudiesSouthAsianStudiesThematicstudiesGlobalization,Ethnicity1.3millionAsianbooks5millionarticledownloadsperyearHarvardUniversityLibrary16millionvolumes;1.4millionAsianbooksLibraryofCongressLargestlibraryintheworldMorethan100millionitemsin470languagesAsianDivision,.,17,LibraryofCongress,.,18,ChineseeducationSolidprimary&secondaryeducationEmphasizingSTEMlearningState-orientedRapiddevelopmentinrecentdecadesAmericaneducationResourcesAcademicenvironmentAssessmentGlobalperspectiveSociety-oriented,.,19,希望工程ProjectHope学龄儿童school-ager人才枯竭exhaustionofhumanresources辍学（失学）青少年schooldropout/leaver学分制thecreditsystem德才兼备tocombineabilitywithcharacter政治思想教育politicalandideologicaleducation自学成才tobecomeeducatedthroughindependentstudy启发式教育elicitationmethodofteaching填鸭式教学法cramming/forced-feedingmethodofteaching普及教育universaleducation义务教育compulsoryeducation发挥学生主动性、创造性togivescopetothestudentsinitiativeandcreativeness培养学生自学能力tofosterthestudentsabilitytostudyontheirown,.,20,Educationmustservetheneedsofsocialistmodernization,beintegratedwithproductivelabor,andtrainbuildersandsuccessorswhoarewelldevelopedmorally,intellectually,andphysically.ThegeneralgoalofChinaseducationaldevelopmentistosetupabasicframeworkforasocialisteducationsystemwithdistinctChinesecharacteristicsthatmeetstheneedsofsocialistmodernizationandisorientedtothe21stcentury.Inordertoachievethisgoal,thestatehasformulatedastrategyforeducationaldevelopment.,.,21,Itsmainpointsare:improvingthequalityofeducation,stressingefficiencyinschoolmanagement,adjustingtheeducationalstructure,adheringtoacoordinatedandbalancedprogramofdevelopment,increasingregionalplanning,a