新世纪大学英语教程第三册 unit 6语言点.doc

Unit 6 download 8Unit 6 Intercultural CommunicationWords and Expressions1. transplant:(1) vt. to move from one place and settle elsewhere*We start the flowers indoors and then transplant them to the garden.*His kidney was transplanted in his daughter.(2) n. the operation of transplanting an organ, piece of skin etc *Kellys only hope of survival was a heart and lung transplant.Collocations:heart transplant surgery 心脏移植手术a bone marrow transplant 骨髓移植2. ailment: n. an illness that is not very serious It was still unclear what caused the victims ailments. *The medicine was supposed to cure all kinds of ailments, ranging from colds to back pains.CF: ailment, illness, disease & complaint这些名词均有“疾病”之意。ailment指身体或精神不适，尤其指小毛病。例如：*His ailment was only a slight headache. 他身体不舒服，有点轻微的头痛。illness 泛指一切疾病，强调生病的时间或状态。例如： *Her mother was just recovering from an illness. 他妈妈生了一场病，刚刚复。disease指具体的疾病，且通常较严重，发病时间也较长。例如： *She suffers from a rare disease of the brain. 她得了罕见的脑病。complaint指具体部位的疾病，尤其指不是很严重的那种。例如： *He is having treatment for a chest complaint. 他正在接受胸部疾病的治疗。3. cure: (1) n. treatment or substance that cures; remedy*There is still no cure for AIDS.预防比任何一种治疗都要好得多。(=Prevention is far better than any cure.)(2) vt. to make an illness or medical condition go away*Many types of cancer can now be cured. (Ninety percent of patients can be cured of the disease.)Pattern: cure sb. of sth. 把某人的病治愈 *She had some acupuncture treatment which seems to have cured her. 针灸几次后她的病似乎痊愈了。 4. precipitate: (1) vt. to make (an unwanted event) happen sooner *An attack on the country could precipitate a world war. (=The 1929 stock market crash precipitated the collapse of the American banking system.)(2) vi. to separate a solid substance from a liquid by chemical action, or to be separated in this way*This material causes most of the alumina in the solution to precipitate quickly.(3) n. a solid substance that has been chemically separated from a liquid老师让他在沉淀物溶解后再加热混合物。(=The teacher asked him to warm the mixture after the precipitate dissolved.)(4) adj. happening or done too quickly, and not thought about carefully *A precipitate decision leads to his failure.一阵冷风造成气温急剧下降。(=A cool breeze caused a precipitate drop in the temperature.)NB: 该词作动词用时，近义词为hasten；作形容词用时，近义词为hasty。5. orient: v. to arrange or direct with a particular purpose*She looked at the street names, trying to orient herself.登山者停下来以便辨别自己的方位。(=The climber stopped to orient himself.)*The meeting decided that the magazine had to orient to the busisness community. Collocation:orient oneself to sth. 使自己熟悉某事*It takes new students a while to orientate themselves to college life.新同学要花一定的时间来熟悉校园生活。be oriented to/towards/around sth/sb 迎合某人的需要, 围绕某事*The course is oriented towards the needs of businessmen. 这一课程是为迎合商人的需要而设立的。*A lot of the training is orientated around communications skills. 很多培训都是围绕交际技能展开的。NB:该词还可以用作名词，意为“东方”，但通常以the Orient的形式出现。例如：The traveler made a fame for himself by a book about the Orient. 这个旅行家凭了一本描写东方的书一举成名。6. purchase: (1) n. sth. you buy, or the act of buying it*Other customers arrived, made their purchases and left.那顶帽子买得不错。(=That hat was a good purchase.)Collocations:date of purchase 购买日期proof of purchase 购买凭证hire purchase 分期付款make purchases 购物(2) vt. to buy sth.*You can purchase insurance online.(=Foreign investors are not permitted to purchase land.)7. a fish out of water: sb. who is uncomfortable; sb. who is at a disadvantage *I felt like a fish out of water in my new school.Pattern: be/feel like a fish out of water 感觉格格不入8. tremendous: adj. very great in size, amount, or degree *She was making a tremendous effort to appear calm. 这个计划能省我们一大笔钱。(=This plan could save us a tremendous amount of money.)CF: tremendous, huge, vast & giant这些形容词均有“巨大的，庞大的”之意。tremendous指某物非常大，大得惊人。强调尺寸大小、数量以及程度方面的大。huge含义广，强调体积或容积的庞大。也可用于引申意义。vast多指空间、面积、范围的巨大，不涉及重量。giant非常大，强调比同类中的其他事务大得多。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form wherenecessary.(1) Be careful. The forest is full of _snakes and spiders. （= giant）(2) Kings new novel will undoubtedly be a _ success. （= huge）(3) She praised her husband for the _support he had given her. (=tremendous)(4) _ areas of the Amazon rainforest have been destroyed. (=Vast)9. glorify: vt. to cause to appear more important or better than they really are*Movies that glorify violence may be responsible for some of the rise in crime.(=The emperors achievements were glorified in numerous poems.)10. get over: (1) to findawaytodealwith*Once weve got over the first few months, we should be making a reasonable profit.我不知道我们应该怎样解决这个问题。(=I dont know how were going to get over this problem.) (2) to become well again after an illness or a very upsetting experienceIts taken me ages to get over the flu.她从没有从儿子去世的悲伤中恢复过来。(=She never got over the death of her son.)11. dictate: v. (1) to tell someone exactly what they must do or how they must behave*Islamic custom dictates that women should be fully covered. (=The media cannot be allowed to dictate to the government.)她拒绝听命于华盛顿一些愚蠢官员。(=She refused to be dictated to by some stupid officials in Washington.)*Can they dictate how the money will be spent?Patterns: dictate that dictate to dictate who/what/how etc (2) to say words for someone else to write down *Hes dictating a letter to his secretary right now.12. transmit: v. to send or pass from one person, place, or thing to another 会议将通过卫星进行现场转播。(=The meeting will be transmitted live via satellite.)*Radars that transmit at lower frequencies are more effective than high-frequency radars in penetrating clouds, fog, and rain.CF: transmit, send & deliver 这些动词均含“送出”、“发送”、“传送”之意。transmit 指通过无线电、电视或其他类似的设备将信号、消息等发送出去或指传播知识、疾病等。例如：*The system transmits information over digital phone lines. 这个系统通过数字电话线发送信息。*Cultural values are transmitted from parent to child. 文化价值观由父母传递给孩子。send 最常用，含义广，指把人或物由一地送往另一地，而不涉及事物的内容传送的方式。例如：*We sent Mom flowers for Mothers Day. 母亲节我们送花给母亲。deliver 指把信件、包裹等物寄发出去或交到某地，或直接交与某人，着重发送这一行为。例如：*The morning mail has just been delivered. 晨报刚刚送到。13. build up: (1) to increase, develop, or become gradually larger*The firm has built up a wide reputation for fair dealing. (= Hes built up the family firm into a multinational company.)(2) to make someone well and strong again; strengthen*Taking exercise will build up your strength.生病的时候必须休息以便恢复健康。(=When sick you must rest to build up your health.)14. by means of: by using a particular method or system* I found my lost dog by means of a notice in the paper.NB:英文单词means比较活跃，有很多固定用法。常用的有：by all means 尽一切办法, 一定 by any means 无论如何 by no means 决不 15. associate with sb.: to spend time with sb. *I dont like those people youre associating with.约翰好像一直和犯罪分子混在一起。(=John may have been associating with the criminals.)16. identify oneself/sb. with sb./sth.: to support or feel closely connected withsb./sth.*She has always been identified with the radical left. (=I tried to identify my mind with the old fellows, and take his view of the world.)CF: identify, recognize & make out 这些动词均含“认出，识别”之意。identify指辨别、确定人的身份或物品的归属等。recognize 所辨认的人或物多是以前所熟悉的。make out通常指通过人的感觉器官来辨别事物。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.(1) I didnt _ you in your uniform. （= recognize）(2) His accent _ him as a Frenchman. （= identified）(3) He could just _a dark shape moving towards him. (=make out)(4) Scientists have _ the gene that causes abnormal growth. (=identified)17. to the extent that: so much that*Violence increased to the extent that residents were afraid to leave their homes.NB: 英语中还有一个词组与该词组意思相同：to such an extent that，意为“到这样的程度以致”。常用的关于extent的词组还有：to a certain extent 在一定程度上to some extent 在某种程度上to a great/large extent 在很大程度上18. tendency: n. a characteristic likelihood of doing sth. *There is an increasing tendency for women to have children later in life.男孩的好斗倾向比女孩强。(Boys have a stronger tendency to fight than girls.)Collocations:aggressive tendency 进攻倾向suicidal tendency 自杀倾向criminal tendency 犯罪倾向artistic tendency 艺术倾向have a tendency to/towards sth. 有做某事的倾向19. attribute:(1) vt. to regard sth. as belonging to, caused by or produced by sb./sth. *We attribute courage to the lion and cunning to the fox.艾丽思的成功归功于她的聪明和勤奋。(=Alices success should be attributed to her intelligence and hard work.) (2) n. a quality considered as belonging to a person or thing; characteristic.*Patience is an attribute of a good teacher.一名好经理应该具备何种素质？(=What attributes should a good manager possess?)20. peculiarity: n. sth. that is a feature of only one particular place, person,situation etc *We noticed the peculiarity of his manner at once.*She was well aware of the peculiarity of her own situation.CF: peculiarity, trait & attribute这些名词均有“特性”、“特点”、“品质”之意。peculiarity指人或事物独具的或奇怪的特点，常带感情色彩。trait多指人的性格、心情的特征，尤指先天秉赋的持久的行为模式或性格特征。attribute通常指好的或有用的特征、品质。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form wherenecessary.(1) Courage, love, patience and common sense are desirable _.(=traits)(2) One of his _ is that his two eyes are not the same color. (=peculiarities)(3) He possesses the essential _ of a journalist. (=attributes)21. hostility: n. unfriendliness; opposition. *The guard dog showed signs of hostility toward the newcomers. (=Recently there has been hostility towards the Prime Minister from members of his own party.)Collocations:open hostility 公开的敌意*They eyed each other with open hostility. 他们带着明显的敌意注视对方。popular hostility 公众的敌意*Pictures of refugees aroused popular hostility towards the war. 难民照片引起了公众对于战争的愤怒。hostility to/towards sb./sth. 对某人或某事的敌意*There was fierce hostility to the new policy. 新政引起了强烈的敌意。22. open up: (1) to (cause to) spread or unfold*With a microscope, a whole new world of investigation opens up.*新国际公约带来了更多反恐合作的可能性。(=The new international agreement opens up the possibility of much greater co-operation against terrorism.) (2) to open sth. that is closed, locked, or covered*Open up, this is the police!(3) to stop being shy and say what you really think (=Last night was the first time that Ken had opened up about his feelings.)23. allocate: vt. to divide and give as a share *You should allocate the same amount of time to each question.*One million dollars was allocated for disaster relief.CF: assign, distribute, divide & allocate这些动词均含“分配”、“分发”之意。