Unit Three Handout with answers____.doc

Handout: Words Study for Unit Three 1. raw adj. (无比较级、最高级)（1）(of food) uncooked （食物）生的，未经烹煮的【短语】raw eggs生蛋 【例句】The Japanese often eat raw fish. 日本人常吃生鱼。 Most fruits are eaten raw. 大部分的水果是生吃的。（2） (of a material or substance) in its natural state; not yet processed or purified （材料，物质）自然状态的，原料状态的；未加工的，未经处理的；未经净化的【短语】raw silk 生丝in the raw处于自然状态，处于蒙昧状态；原汁原味/（非正式）（人）裸体的, 裸露的【例句】All the raw materials are imported. 所有原料全部是进口的。If you want to see life in the raw, get a job as a police officer. 如果你想看到生活的真相，就去当警察吧。（3）(of a person) new to an activity or job and therefore lacking experience or skill （人）生疏无知的，稚嫩的，无阅历的，无经验的；未经训练的【短语】be raw to 对不熟练/没经验【例句】They were replaced by raw recruits. 他们为新兵所取代。He is raw to his work. 他对工作还不熟练2. temptationn. U（1） a desire to do something, especially something wrong or unwise 引诱，诱惑【短语】 fall into give in/ way to, yield to temptation 经不住诱惑avoid/overcome/ resist temptation 避开诱惑；克服诱惑；抵挡诱惑lead (sb.) into temptation 使人入迷【例句】He resisted the temptation to call Celia at the office. 他抗拒住诱惑，不在办公室给西莉亚打电话。He was surrounded by temptations. 他受到各种诱惑。Dont give in to temptation. 要经得住诱惑。（2）a thing or course of action that attracts or tempts someone 诱惑物【短语】a strong temptation to sb. 对某人十分强烈的诱惑The purse on the table was a strong temptation to the poor child. 桌上的钱包对那个穷孩子是一个强烈的诱惑。【派生词】 tempt v. 勾引 tempting a. 迷人的3. bowv. （1） bend the head or upper part of the body as a sign of respect, greeting, or shame 鞠躬，欠身；下跪【例句】He turned and bowed to his father. 他转过身来向父亲鞠了一躬。She knelt and bowed her head. 她跪下来并低下了头。（2） with obj.express (thanks, agreement, or other sentiments) by bending ones head respectfully 点头致意【短语】make ones bow 初次在公众前露面；首次亮相【例句】He looked at Hector before bowing grave thanks.他看了看海克多，然后向他点头表达深深的谢意。The midfielder only made his England bow nine months ago. 这个中场队员九个月前首次在英国亮相。（3） submit to pressure or someones demands 屈服，让步【短语】bow to sth勉强同意做(或接受某事)；屈从于:【例句】The government eventually bowed to public pressure. 政府终于在公众的压力下让步了。The government has bowed to pressure from farmers to increase compensation.政府向农场主们做了让步，为他们提供更多的补偿。n. （1） a knot tied with two loops and two loose ends, used especially for tying shoelaces and decorative ribbons 蝴蝶结，环状装饰结，蝶形领结【例句】a girl with long hair tied back in a bow. 长发用蝴蝶结束在脑后的女孩。（2）a weapon for shooting arrows, typically made of a curved piece of wood joined at both ends by a taut string 弓4. compensationn. （1）something, typically money, awarded to someone as a recompense for loss, injury, or suffering 补偿物，赔偿物（尤指赔偿金）【短语】in compensation for 以.为报酬赔偿make compensation for 补赔偿【例句】seeking compensation for injuries suffered at work. 寻求工伤赔偿金。a compensation claim 赔偿要求。He paid a sum of money in compensation for the loss in the fire. 他付了一笔钱作为这次火灾损失的补偿。（2）the action or process of making such an award 补偿行为（或过程），赔偿行为（或过程）【例句】the compensation of victims.对受害者的赔偿。（3）something that counterbalances or makes up for an undesirable or unwelcome state of affairs 弥补，抵消【例句】The grey streets of London were small compensation for the loss of her beloved Africa. 伦敦灰白色的街道稍稍弥补了她离开她热爱的非洲的遗憾 。Getting older has some compensations. 变老也有些变老的好处。5. donate v. give (money or goods) for a good cause, for example to a charity 捐赠（钱，物）【例句】He donated to cancer research. 他捐款支持癌症的研究工作。They used to donate large sum of money to the Red Cross every year. 他们过去每年都向红十字会捐献大笔的钱。They give a concert and donate the proceeds to charity.他们举办了一次音乐会,把收入捐给了慈善机构。Local people lined up to donate blood for the brave girl.当地群众排队给这位勇敢的姑娘献血。Donation n. something that is given to a charity, especially a sum of money 捐赠物（尤指捐款）【短语】a blood donation 献血make give a donation 捐赠in donations 以捐赠的形式:donation to 给的捐赠【例句】They made a generous donation to charity. 他们对慈善事业慷慨捐助。The hospital receives a good deal of money in donations.这家医院收到捐赠来的大笔款项。6. alert （more alert most alert）a. （1）quick to notice any unusual and potentially dangerous or difficult circumstances; vigilant 警惕的，警觉的，机警的【短语】be alert to 对警觉【例句】An alert police officer discovered a lorry full of explosive. 一位警惕的警官发现了一辆满载炸药的卡车。She is alert to every sound and movement.她对每一个声音和动作都很警觉。（2）able to think clearly; intellectually active 机灵的，机敏的【短语】be alert in 在（某方面）机敏【例句】She remained active and alert until well into her eighties. 她80多岁时仍然活跃机敏。The boy was alert in answering the strangers questions. 男孩很机敏地回答了陌生人的问题。 v. warn (someone) of a danger, threat, or problem, typically with the intention of having it avoided or dealt with （尤指为了避免或应付危险、威胁或问题而）提醒，警告（某人）【短语】alert sb. to 向.报警;使警觉;使注意【例句】He alerted people to the dangers of smoking. 他提醒人们注意吸烟的种种危害。Police were alerted after three men drove away without paying. 三个男人没付钱就开车走掉之后，警方开始警觉起来。n. the state of being watchful for possible danger；an announcement or signal warning of danger 警惕，警戒；警报，警示【短语】a bomb alert. 轰炸警报on the alert 警惕着be on full alert 处于全面警戒状态:keep/place/put sb on full alert 使某人处于高度戒备状态:【例句】Thousands of police were put on full alert at all main roads leading to the city. 在通向该城市的所有主要道路上有特派的数千警察全面戒备。The security forces are now on full alert. 安全部队现在处于全面警戒状态。7. bid 动词进行时： bidding 过去式： bade, bid 过去分词： bidden, bidv （1） offer (a certain price) for something, especially at an auction （尤指拍卖时买方）出（价），喊（价）【短语】bid for 为竞价【例句】A consortium of dealers bid a world record price for a snuff box. 一个商团为一个鼻烟盒喊出了创世界纪录的高价。What am I bid?.给我的报价是多少？（2）(bid for)(of a contractor) offer to do (work) for a stated price; tender for （承包商）投标承做（工作）【例句】Nineteen companies have indicated their intention to bid for the contract. 19家公司有对这项合同投标的意向。（3） (bid for)make an effort or attempt to achieve 努力获得，争取【例句】the two forwards are bidding for places in the England side.两位前锋在英格兰队这边争夺位置。n. （1）an offer of a price, especially at an auction （尤指拍卖中的）出价，喊价，叫价【例句】at the fur tables, several buyers make bids for the pelts. 在毛皮摊位前，几个买主在对生皮出价。（2）an offer to buy the shares of a company in order to gain control of it; a tender（为控制某一公司而收购其股份的）出价；投标【例句】a takeover bid 收购出价（3）an attempt or effort to achieve something 努力，企图，尝试【例句】Edward helped him make a bid for the Scottish throne. 爱德华帮助他夺取苏格兰王位。An investigation would be carried out in a bid to establish what had happened.将展开调查以确定所发生的事情。【派生词】bidder n.(拍卖中的)出价人; 投标人8. championn. （1）a person who has defeated or surpassed all rivals in a competition, especially a sporting contest 冠军【短语】defending champion 卫冕冠军 a champion hurdler 跨栏冠军Become/be crowned champion 成为冠军；获授予冠军称号:【例句】 He was crowned champion after his fight in Atlanta. 亚特兰大拳赛后他获授予冠军称号。（2） a person who fights or argues for a cause or on behalf of another 斗士；提倡者；捍卫者【短语】a champion of financial probity 财政清廉的提倡者【例句】 He is a champion of equal opportunities for all races. 他是一个为各种族机会均等而奋斗的人。 9. thrive v. （1） (of a child, animal, or plant) grow or develop well or vigorously （孩子，动物）茁壮成长，植物茂盛生长【例句】The new baby thrived.这新生婴儿长得快。Rice thrives in this hot weather. 水稻在这种热天气中生长旺盛。Few plants or animals thrive in the desert.极少数植物或动物能在沙漠中茁壮成长。（2）prosper; flourish 兴旺发达，繁荣；旺盛 【例句】The real estate business is thriving. 房地产生意兴隆。 He that will thrive, must rise at five.谚五更起床, 百事兴旺。10. convict v.(常作 be convicted)declare (someone) to be guilty of a criminal offence by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge in a court of law （经陪审团或法官裁决后）宣判（某人）有罪【短语】convict someone of a crime 宣告某人有罪【例句】The judge convicted him of robbery. 法官判他犯有抢劫罪。 a convicted murderer已定罪的凶手。【同义词】condemn, declare guilty, prove guilty, s