人教版5Unit_5__First_Aid__重点单词诠释.doc

金太阳新课标资源网 人教版5Unit 5 First Aid 重点单词诠释1. aid 1) n. support or help 帮助； 援助We should give some economic aid to the Third World.我们应当给予第三世界一些经济援助。2）n. sth. that provides help and makes a process much easier or more effective 有用之物A dictionary is an invaluable aid in learning a new language.字典是一种在学习一门新的语言时的非常有用的工具。3）v. to support or help 帮助；援助I aided him to ease his pressure. 我帮他缓解压力。拓展：with the aid of sb = with the help of sb.in aid of 为了give aid to 给以援助aid sb. to do sth. = help sb. (to) do sth.aid sb. in/with sth. 为某事帮助某人first aid 急救 hearing aid 助听器teaching aid 教具【真题演练】My mother is deaf so she has to use a hearing _.A. help B. machine C. aid D. assist解析：答案C。hearing aid常用搭配，这里指一种听力辅助物。vt. 伤害;损害;毁坏。例如：I hope I didnt injure her feelings.我希望我没有伤害她的感情。His back was injured.他背部受伤了。2.injure辨析：injure, harm, hurt, damageinjure 可以指对健康、外表、前景或生活的舒适带来反面影响。例如：She was badly injured in an accident. 她在一次事故中被重伤。harm 与hurt 主要指那些带来痛苦、悲伤、损失或损害的。例如：Gypsy moths harm foliage.蛾对叶子有害。Failure to pay his bills has harmed his credit.无法付帐会对他的信用带来损害。A hailstorm hurt the apple crop.一场风暴损坏了种植的苹果。My feelings are hurt.我的感情受到了伤害。damage 一词通常指那种使价值、有用性和有效性减少的损害。例如：A falling tree damaged the roof.一棵倒下的树损坏了屋顶。The scandal seriously damaged the senators reputation.那丑闻严重损害了参议员的名声。【真题演练】The couples quarrelling and fighting last Friday _ each other. I think so. Nancy was _ in the arm and she blamed that her arm _ the whole week. A. wounded; injured; was hurting B. hurt; hurt; was hurtingC. hurt; wounded; was injuring D. injured; hurt; was wounding解析：本题考查近义词辨析。本句子的意思为“这对夫妻上星期五的吵闹伤害了对方的感情。”“我以为是这样。南希的膀子受伤了，她抱怨说，整个星期她的膀子都在痛。”根据上面的句子解释，答案应为B。3.situation n. 处境,境遇C; 形势;情况;局面C ; (建筑物等的)位置;地点C：He is in a difficult situation.他处境困难。The economic situation is now different.现在经济形势不同了。The house has a beautiful situation on a hill.房子坐落在小山上,环境优美。4.before1） before作连词时接一般现在时代替将来时，例如：It wont be long before he comes back. 他要不了多久就会回来。I will arrive there before he starts off.我将在他出发之前到达那里。2）before在否定句中相当于until，例如：He didnt know any English before he came here.他来这儿之前不懂英语。3）before有时还可以表示“还没有 就 ”之意，相当于not。谨防受汉语的影响在从句中用否定式。从句中可用过去完成式，主句用过去式。例如：He bought a new car before he had sold the old one. (= He had not sold the old car, but he bought a new one.)他旧车没卖便买了新车。It grew dark before we finished our work.我们还没有干完活，天就黑了。4）时间与事件连用时，before 应放在事件之前。如：Three days before his fathers death, half an hour before the accident.不可说 before three days of his fathers death, before half an hour of the accident。5）before 从句中有know, realize, understand, feel等动词时，常常表示事情正在不知不觉中进行，例如：She was so interested in the book that she had read it for three hours before she realized/ knew it.她看书太入迷了，竟不知不觉已经过了3个小时。6）before意思为“在 之后”、“待 后再 ”。例如：It will be five years before we meet again.5年后我们才能想见。7）before 通常用来表示时间，in front of 用来表示地点。8）虽然表示过去的时间，但可以与现在完成式连用，例如：Ive never heard of him before.我以前没有听说过这个人。5.happen 1） 主语为“事件、事情、情况”等时，意思为“发生、偶然发生”。例如：The accident happened at three oclock.事故是三点钟发生的。2) 不用进行时态。指运气的好坏，意思为“碰巧，恰好”。具体用法有三种主语常为人或it：happen+不定式；It（形式主语）+ happen+ that从句（真正主语）；happen+ to sb. / sth. 意思为“某人/某物出 事，发生了 情况”。例如：You happened to be out when I came to your house.当我到你家时，你正碰巧出去了。It happened to be a fine day.正碰巧是个好天。It happens that he is a teacher of English.碰巧了，他正是位英语老师。The boy is crying. What has happened to him?那男孩在哭。他发生了什么事？辨析：happen / take place /occur happen 作“发生，举行”解时是不及物动词，没有被动语态，常常具有偶然性，特别是“人”作主语时，happen to 也可接名词， 表示“遭到”或“偶然发生”某种情况。take place 作“发生”解时也是不及物动词短语动词，主要是指事先安排的“发生”，它没有偶然的意思（usually by arrangement）；take place 还当“举行”解。occur的意思是“发生”时，同take place，另外它还有“想到”的意思。例如：It so happened that he was there.他碰巧在那儿。It didnt occur me that you would object.我没有想到你会反对。The conversation took place between father and son.父子之间举行了一场谈话。6.perform I. vt. 履行;执行;完成;做:The young doctor performed the heart operation.这位年轻医生为病人做了心脏手术。They always perform their duties faithfully.他们总是忠实地履行自己的职责。演出,表演,演奏:The students will perform an opera next Friday.这些学生下星期五将演出歌剧。II. vi. 演出,表演,演奏The soloist had never performed in London before.那位独唱者过去从未在伦敦演出过。(机器)运转;(人)行动,表现:Our team performed well in the match yesterday.我队在昨天的比赛中表现得很出色。【高考链接】No matter how frequently , the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed解析：答案为A。因为主语the works与perform之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词短语作状语。7.bleed1) v. to lose blood 流血，出血He was bleeding at the nose = His nose was bleeding. 他在流鼻血2) v. to sacrifice oneself for sth. 为而流血，牺牲They bled for their country他们为国家流血牺牲3) v. to make sb. pay too much money 向某人勒索，敲诈He bled them for every penny they had got.他榨取他们得到的每一分钱。拓展：bleed for 为而流血，悲痛bleed sb. white 榨干血汗， 钱财bleed to death 流血过多而亡bleed n. 血bloody adj. 血淋林的8.burnI. vt. 1) to set fire to sth.燃烧。例如：He burnt all the letters to her.他把所有寄给她的信都烧掉了。2)to be hurt or damaged by fire or heat烧伤，烫伤。例如：He was burnt by knocking over the boiling kettle.他碰倒了开水壶，烫伤了。3)to have sth. on 亮着，燃烧。例如：He always keeps his lights burning all night long.他总是让灯通宵亮着。II. n. 烧伤，烫伤。例如：The firemen suffered severe burns.消防队员被严重烧伤。拓展：burn away 烧毁，烧光；burn down 焚毁；burn off 烧掉；burn out烧空；burn up烧尽；burn sth. to the ground 把夷为平地。【真题演练】The fire _.（2005西城抽样）A. burnt down B. burnt with C. burnt out D. burnt off解析：答案C。句意：火熄灭了。burn out指（因燃料烧尽而）熄灭；burn down烧毁；burn with指有强烈的情绪或要求等；burn off烧掉。9.harmful 有害的。例如：Smoking is harmful to health.吸烟有害健康。拓展：harm n. 损伤,伤害;危害U; vt. 损害,伤害;危害。be harmful to对有害；come to harm 遭不幸；do sb. harm 损害某人。反义词：harmless adj. 无害的，无恶意的。【真题演练】Drinking too much can _ ones health. A. harm B. hurt C. injure D. wound解析：答案为A。harm用于肉体、外表、健康或精神上的伤害均可,有时可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物,尤其是指不道德的事情。hurt普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。injure比hurt正式,hurt 多指伤痛。wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤,是出血的、严重的伤,特指战场上的受伤。10.serious adj.1) 严重的，厉害的：The state of affair is very serious情况非常严重。2)严肃的，认真的：Please be serious, this is nothing to laugh about. 请严肃点，这不是开玩笑的事。搭配：be serious about 对认真。例如：He was serious about the matter. 他对于那件事很认真。派生：1）seriously adv. 严肃地，严重地，认真地：He was seriously ill yesterday. 他昨天生了重病。2）seriousness n. 严肃，严重性：Everybody recognizes the seriousness of the present situation. 大家都意识到目前形势的严重性。【真题演练】Come on ,you are joking with me ,right ? _. A. Yes, I am serious B. No, I am not serious C. Yes, thats true D. No, I am dead serious 解析：答案为D。I am dead serious 我是很认真的。11.affect vt. 影响。例如：Their opinion will not affect my decision.他们的观点将不会影响到我的决定。The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.气候影响了雨量。感动，感觉。例如：All the people in the room were affected to tears.屋里所有人都感动得流了泪。侵袭，感染。例如：The disease is beginning to affect her eyesight这种疾病开始侵袭她的视力。辨析：affect, effect与influenceaffect 首先可以指三种情况：对某物或某事产生不良的影响，通常以被影响的词作为宾语。例如：Hot weather affects his health.炎热的天气影响了他的健康；使之改动，使之变化，用于这层意思时没有好坏的意思，例如：He wasnt affected by the news.他听了这消息后无动于衷； 感动，例如：His speech affected the audience deeply.他的讲话深深打动了观众；effect 通常以改进和变化之类的词作宾语，着重造成一种特殊效果，常和介词on 搭配；influence 的影响与上两个词不同，它是指通过劝说、行为、事例等对另一方的行为、性格、观点等产生潜移默化的影响，例如：What we read influences our thinking.我们阅读的书本会影响我们的思想。【高考链接】The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism _ the wildlife in the area.A. in B. on C. at D. with解析：根据上面的解析选B。12.include辨析：include和containinclude表示一个整体由几个部分组成，侧重包括者只是整体的一部分。例如：The bill includes tax and servicecontain指一个整体包括的内容，侧重“内有”的意思。例如：Try to avoid foods which contain a lot fat派生：including prep. 包括; 包含。例如：At least 80 persons were injured, including five policemen.至少80受伤，其中包括5名警察。【真题演练】My family raise a lot of cattle, _ two cows. A. includes B. include C. including D. included解析：答案为C。including prep. 包括。13.withinI.prep. 1) 在里面，在 内 ， 相当于inside , 例如：within ( inside ) doors在屋内 within (inside) the city 在城内。2）prep 在 时间以内，不超出，例如：He will return within an hour. 他一小时以内回来。 II. adv. 意思为“在里面，在内部”，例如：Please clean the house within and without. 请把屋里屋外打扫干净。 【高考链接】Dont leave matches or cigarettes on the table within _ of little childreA. hand B. reach C. space D. distance 解析：答案为B。reach 作名词，意思是“到达距离”。句子的意思为“不要把火柴或香烟放在桌子上孩子能够到的地方。14.cause I. n. 原因;起因。例如：What was the cause of the accident?造成这一事故的原因是什么?II. vt. 导致,使发生,引起。例如：What caused him to quit his job?什么原因使他辞职的?Im afraid Im causing you much trouble.我恐怕给你带来了很多麻烦。拓展：give cause for引起; 成为. .的原因。have cause for有理由.。cause and effect有因果关系的。辨析：cause ，reason“原因”cause 指“产生结果的原因” 或“使某事发生的原因”, 如:Carelessness is the cause of his failure.粗心是他失败的原因。reason 指“根据事实、情况或产生的结果,推导出结论的理由或道理”, 如:The reason for the flood was all that heavy rain.那场大雨是发生洪水的原因。【高考链接】Careless driving _ a lot of highway accidents. A. affects B. makes C. causes D. results解析：答案为C。这句话的意思是“心不在焉的驾驶造成许多高速公路上的交通事故。”affect 的意思是“影响”；make的意思是“制造”；result的意思是“（作为结果）发生”。15.reduce I. vt. 减少;缩小;降低:He is trying to reduce expenses.他正试图减少开支。使处于(某种状态);使化为,使变为(+to):The fire reduced the paintings to ashes.大火将这些画作烧成了灰烬。迫使(+to):Poverty reduced him to begging.贫穷迫使他行乞。把. .归纳,把. .归并(+to):Finally the chair reduced all the questions to one.最后主席把所有的问题归纳为一个。II. vi. 减少;缩小;降低 减轻体重,减肥:It is easy to reduce if you watch your diet.你如果注意饮食,减肥并不难。派生：reduction n. 减少搭配：reduce to 减少到; reduce by 减少了【高考链接】- The car gives off a great deal of waste gas into streets.- Yes. But Im sure something will be done to _ air pollution. A. reduce C. remove C. collect D. warn 解析：答案为A。这句话的意思是“小汽车向街道排出大量废气。”“是的，但我确信肯定要做一些事来减少空气污染。”reduce的意思是“减少”；remove 的意思是“移动”；collect 的意思是“收集”；warn的意思是“警告”，结合题意，答案应该为A。 16.honorI. n. 荣誉、名誉。例如：They fight for the honor of the country.他们为国家荣誉而战。尊重、敬意。例如：One must show great honor to his parents.人必须尊敬父母。使人感到光荣的人或事。例如：He is an honor to his family.他是全家的光荣。II. v. 尊敬、给以荣誉。例如：Children should honor their parents.孩子应当尊敬父母。He was honored for what he had done.他因所作的事获得了荣誉。拓展：in honor of 为了纪念 ；do honor to 纪念.。【真题演练】The soldiers who have fought for our country should be shown _.A. reputation B. fame C. honor D. favor解析：答案C。句意：那些为祖国打过仗的人，应当收到尊敬。honor荣誉，敬意；fame名声，指以能力、业绩而出名；reputation名声，名誉，指人们的看法，评价，强调心目中的印象，可以是好名声，也可以是坏名声。17.presentI. adj. 出席的,在场的:How many people were present at the meeting?到会的有多少人? 现在的,当前的:Im not at all satisfied with the present situation.我对目前的情况一点都不满意。II. n.礼物,赠品C:He often gave his neighbors kids little presents.他常常送些小礼物给邻居的孩子。III. vt. 赠送,呈献(+to/with):They presented him with a bunch of flowers.他们献给他一束鲜花。提出,提交,呈递(+to):Some 300 papers were presented at the conference.会上提出了大约三百篇论文。呈现;描述;出示(+to):He had to present a smiling face though heavy-hearted.虽然忧心忡忡,但他还得露出一副笑容。搭配：at present目前;现在;for the present暂时;present to出现在;up to the present至今;到现在为止; make sb. a present of sth. 把某物送给某人; present itself出现;呈现;present oneself出席,到场【高考链接1】All the people _ at the party were his supporters. A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important解析：答案为A。present(adj.)在此修饰All the people，意为“所有出席聚会的人都是他的支持者”。【高考链接2】He went to the clerk to _ his ticket.A. buy B. present C. order D. provide解析：答案为B。present意为“出示，展示”，因为是clerk，故将票拿出来让别人看。18.recognis(z)evt. 认出,识别;认识(+as)：The policeman recognized her as a pickpocket.警察认出她是个扒手。He looked at the envelope and recognized Jennys handwriting immediately.他看了看信封,马上认出是珍妮的笔迹。正式承认;认可,认定(+as)：Many countries recognized the new government.许多国家承认了新政府。承认(事实);认清(+as)+(that)：I recognized that I had made a mistake.我认识到自己犯了一个错误。辨析：recognize/knowknow指相互十分了解，十分熟悉；recognize指原来熟悉认识，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后，现在重新认出。如：Weve known each other for years.我们互相认识已经好几年了I didnt recognize you in that disguise.你那么乔装打扮我没有认出你来。【高考链接1】-Oh, its you! I _you.-Ive just had my hair cut and Im wearing new glasses. A. didnt recognize B. hadnt recognized C. havent recognized D. dont recognize解析：答案为A。该题通过一组对话考查考生对特定语境中时态的判断。前句可理解为Its you. I didnt recognize you just now.表明现在我认出你了。【高考链接2】One of the processes(过程) of growing up is being able to _ and overcome our fears. A. realize B. remember C. recognize D. recover解析：答案为C。句意：成长中的一点是能够认识恐惧并战胜恐惧。realize实现，意识到；remember记住；recognize认识到，辨别出；recover恢复，复原。19.scene n. (戏剧或歌剧的)场，（一场中的）一段情节、片断、场面、（舞台上的）场景、布景：The first scene of the play is the kings palace.剧中的第一个场景是王宫。The scene in the hospital was very moving.在医院的那一场面非常感人。事发地点，背景：The scene of the novel is set in Scotland.小说中的事是在苏格兰发生的。吵闹、发脾气：There was quite a scene when she refused to pay.他拒不付款时引起了一场争吵。搭配：behind the scene 在后台、在幕后、秘密、暗中；come on the scene到场；on the scene 在场【高考链接】I watched the _change from green trees to flat dusty plains to high mountains as I saw strange new plants that suggested mysteries(奥秘) yet to come.A. picture B. ground C. scene D. area 解析：答案为C。scene 指窗外的景色。20.lieI. vi.( lied; lied; lying) 撒谎: He lied about his age.他在年龄上撒了谎。Dont lie to me!不要和我撒谎！造成错觉,欺骗: That clock must be lying; it isnt noon yet.那钟一定不准;现在还不到中午。II. vt. 用欺骗致使: He lied himself out of trouble.他用欺骗手段摆脱了