必修三Unit3语法宾语从句与表语从句.ppt

Grammar,Nounclausesastheobjectandpredicative,宾语从句和表语从句,RelatedConception(相关概念),1.名词:,表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。,2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?,名词在句中主要作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。,1.Henryisabusinessman.,主语,表语,2.Henry,abusinessman,receivedamillionpoundbanknote.,主语,同位语,宾语,Hisjobisimportant.,Whathedoesisimportant.,Thisishisjob.,Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.,主语,表语,主语从句,表语从句,什么是名词性从句?(NounClauses),Idontlikehisjob.,Idontlikewhathedoeseveryday.,Idontknowabouttheman,Mr.White.,Idontknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.,宾语,同位语,宾语从句,同位语从句,在英语的句子结构中，本来该由_充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，现在由_来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。,名词性从句,主语从句(TheSubjectClause),宾语从句(TheObjectClause),表语从句(ThePredicativeClause),同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause),什么是名词性从句?(NounClauses),一个句子,名词,名词性从句(1),宾语从句,一、宾语从句共性问题1，2,Theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem.HeaskedhowmuchIpaidfortheviolin.IlltellyouwhyIaskedyoutocome.Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.Idontcarewhomarrieshim.观察：1.宾语从句可充当谁的宾语？2.连接词的分类和作用？,宾语从句（TheObjectClause）,宾语从句在复合句中起_作用，可以作的宾语，也可以作的宾语。宾语从句必须用_语序。引导宾语从句的连词有that，if，whether；连接代词有who,whom,which,whose等；连接副词有when，where，how，why等。,宾语,陈述,动词,介词,连接词,一that宾语从句1.Oliverbelieves(that)amancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.2Imafraid(that)Idontquitefollowyou,sir.3.Idontthink(that)itsveryfunny.4.Myunclesaid（that）hewouldcomeandthathewouldalsobringhisson.5.Weallagree(that)itwouldbeconvenienttogotherebybus.,1.归纳总结：that在引导宾语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，且通常可以省略。但如果含有两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句时，通常只有第一个从句的that可以省略，其余从句的that一般不能省略。,由连接代词who/whom,whose,what,which引导的宾语从句：Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.Heaskedwhosepurseitwas.Doyouknowwho/whomHenryisspeakingto?Q:这些连接代词在宾语从句中充当什么成分?,主语,定语,宾语,由连接副词when,where,how,why等引导的宾语从句：PleasetellmewhenJodyWilliamswontheNobelPeacePrize.HewantedtoknowwhereIhadspentmyholiday.WillyoutellmehowIcankeepfitandhealthy?Doyouknowwhyhewaslate?Q:这些连接代词在宾语从句中充当什么成分?,状语,归纳总结：连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，连接词都在从句中充当一定的成分。,当whether后紧跟ornot时,不用if.e.g.:IdontknowwhetherIwillstayornot.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.e.g.:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.whethertodo做动词宾语不能用iftodo.e.g.:Ihaventdecidedwhethertogothere.,whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,但是以下情况不用if。,宾语从句(whether&if),意为“是否”,特殊：,Theteacherhadmadeitclearthatwhoeverbreakstherulewouldbepunished.,老师已经说得很清楚，任何违反规定的人都要被惩罚。,find/feel/consider/make/think+it+adj.+that宾从,形式宾语,宾补,真正宾语,时态,a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。Hebelieves_.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。Pleasetellme_.,hisdreamwillcometruesomeday,1.如果主句时态是现在时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。,whatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday,一、宾语从句(时态),他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。Hetoldme_.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。Theteachertoldus_.,hewaspreparingfortheexamination,lighttravelsinastraightline,2.如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。,宾语从句的语序,宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。,Doexercises.,Ididntknow.,你们当时在聊什么？这本书是谁的？她明天是否要来？她住哪里？,Idontknowwhatsthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?,Exploration,但是从句为Whatsthematter？Whatswrong？Whatshappening？who,what作主语时，从句是感叹句，从句的语序不变.,1.Theshockingnewsmademerealize_terribleproblemswewouldface.(北京2011)A.whatB.howC.thatD.why,What+n.+主+谓,n.,a/an+adj.+nadj.+Uadj.+pl.（复数）,否定的转移:动词think,consider,suppose猜想,believe,expect,guess,imagine等词，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。,Idontsupposehecares,?Hedoesntthinkwewillcome,?,doeshe,doeshe,此时，否定只看主句，与从句无关,1.她坚持要把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。2他命令关闭所有的大门。3.我建议他应该更努力学习。4.老师要求我们和睦相处。,Sheinsistedthatshe(should)organizethetripproperly.,Hecommandedthatallthegates(should)beshut.,Isuggestedthathe(should)studyharder.,Theteacherrequeststhat.,we(should)getalongwellwitheachother.,3.总结归纳：在一些表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等意义的动词后，that宾语从句中谓语常用（should+）动词原形，表示虚拟。1.坚持：insist2.命令：order,command3.建议：suggest,propose,advise4.要求：desire,demand,require,request,老师要求所有作业要在放学前交上去。Theteacherdesiredthatalltheexercisesshouldbehandedinbeforeschoolwasover.,SheaskedTom_wasthematterwithhiscar.2.Willyoutellme_Icankeephealthy?3.Thisdependson_themoneywehaveisenough.4.Couldyoutellme_Marrylives?,what,where,whether,how,牛刀小试：,2.Wehaventdiscussedyet_wearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.(2010课标全国卷)A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where,3.Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistof_mykidswillneedforthecomingseason.(山东2010)A.whyB.whatC.howD.which,4.Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheofficeknew_shewassoangry.(湖南2010)A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why,5.Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyon_hegoeswith,whetherhisfriendsorrelatives.(四川2010)A.whatB.whoC.howD.why,表语从句,思考：表语从句充当什么成分？放在什么词后面？引导词有哪些？基本上与宾语从句的引导词相同。连系动词seem,look之后还可用,1)Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.2)Thatsbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.3)Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.4)ThatswhyIwaslate.4)ThetroubleisthatIlosthisaddress.,二、表语从句,asthough(asif)。,连接词,when/where/why/how/because,that/whether/asif/asthough(if不引导表语从句),连接代词,who/whom/whose/which/what,连接副词,由关系副词引导的表语从句。关系副词when,where,how,why除在句子起作用外，在从句中还充当，或状语，本身具有词义。,连接,时间,地点,方式,原因,例如：Goandgetyourcoat.Itsyouleftit.,where,去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。,Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.ThatswhyIgotwetthrough.,我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。,-Yousee,Impoorinmaths,youarenotgoodatEnglish,and-Thatsweshouldhelpeachother.A.whenB.whereC.howD.what,表语从句注意点,1).表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.语序:ThatswhyIwaslate.2).引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.e.g.:ThetroubleisthatIhavelostheraddress.3).表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if引导.e.g.:Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.,表语从句注意点,4).当主语是reason时,表语从句用that,不用because.要用ThereasonisthatThereasonforsthisthatThereason(why+句子)isthat或This/it/that/isbecause等句型.e.g.Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasill.,例如:今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.1)Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisbecausethattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.2)Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisthattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.3)Hewaslatethismorning.Thatwasbecausetherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中谓语,建议：suggest,advice,propose,要求：demand,request,require,ask命令：order,command坚持：insiste.g.:Isuggestthatyou(should)bethereontime.,虚拟语气在在表语从句中主语,建议：suggestion/advice要求：requirement/demand命令：order,commande.g.:Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethereontime.,试区分以下句子,Isthismuseumwhatyouvisited?,Isthisthemuseumthatyouvisited?,Isthismuseumtheonethatyouvisited?,(表从),(定从),(定从),回顾与练习,b.表语从句d.介词后的宾语从句e.whethertodo做动词宾语f.与ornot连在一起引导宾语从句时,一.if和whether的选用,宾语与表语从句中不能使用if的情况:,1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.2.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.3.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.4.Thequestionis_heshoulddoit.5.Ihaventdecided_togothere.,if/whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,Exercise1if/whether,Hesaidthetextwasveryimportantandweshouldlearnitbyheart.2.Myworryisthathecangetthereontime.3.Thereasonwhyhefailedwasbecausehehadntstudiedhard.4.Whatweneedaretime.5.Herearetwobooks.Youcantakewhateveryouwant.,is,that,whether,that,whichever,Exercises,改错,用宾语从句或表语从句翻译下列句子。,1.老师说月亮绕着地球转。Theteachersaid(that)themoongoesaroundtheearth.2.他们都在担心是否能按时到达那里。Theyareallworryingaboutwhethertheycangetthereontime.,3.我觉得他们按时完成自己的任务是很重要的。Ithinkitisimportantforthemtofinishtheirowntaskontime.4.问题是这本书是否有读的价值。Thequestioniswhetherthebookisworthreading.,5.我不知道汤姆今天早上为什么没来。IdontknowwhyTomdidntcomethismorning.6.我的意见是你不应单独前往。Myopinionisthatyoushouldnotgoalone.,7.那是因为他没有理解我。Thatsbecausehedidntunderstandme.=Thereasonisthathedidnotunderstandme.8.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrowmorning.,1.Hetoldme_hewouldgotocollegethenextyear.2.Idontknow_therewillbeabus.3.Ireallydontknow_youshoulddependonifyoudontdependonyourparents.,用适当的词填空，使下列宾语从句和表语从句意思完整。,that/不填,if/whether,whom/who,4.Hedidnttellme_hewouldcomebackfromShanghainexttime.5.Letmeknow_trainyoullbearrivingon.6.Canyouworkout_muchwewillspendduringthetrip?7.Makesure_therearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.,when,which,how,that,8.Wethinkitnecessary_wetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.9.Tomisverylazy.Thatis_hedidntpasstheexam.10.Thisis_wefoundthestrangetrees.11.Myideais_weshouldalldoourbesttodoeverythingwell.,that,why,where/how,that,12.Itlooked_hehadunderstoodthisquestion.13.ThereasonwhyIwassadwas_hedidntunderstandme.14.Hisfirstquestionwas_Mr.Smithhadarrivedornot.15.Weallfinditimportant_we(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismatter.,that,asif,that,whether,Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Icantunderstand_theyinsistongoingonmotor-bike.(04)Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat_Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.(04),why,what,关联词的选择,that,4.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.(0