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MBA English for Weekend Class for Semester 1I. Faculty BiographyBriefing to the Instructor of the Course in Chinese桂国平:男,1953年出生,湖北省蕲春县蕲州人,英文硕士,当过下放知青和冶建工人,自学英语,1978考入武汉大学英文系,曾在国外任国际商务英文翻译多年,应校长召唤回国任武汉大学首任六级英语教研室主任,1993年转入武汉大学经济与管理学院金融系。他不仅是武汉大学1992年以来大学英语四、六级全国统考通过率记录的创造者和保持者(一次通过率均为100%),是中国MBA入学英语辅导教程最早的编者和英语辅导通过率最高的教授之一,他还多年担任金融学本科、硕士和MBA 硕士论文指导导师教授和答辩委员会成员(项目管理方向)。他所指导的学士论文中国汽车金融新探2006年12月被湖北省人民政府学位委员会评为湖北省一等奖。作为迄今武汉大学第一位商务英语教授,他是武汉大学MBA教学指导委员会成员、是MBA专业英语EMBA的商务英语MPACC专业英语的牵头人与主讲教授。在中国高教竞争最激烈的深圳,桂国平教授是“武汉大学深圳研究院”网页首页介绍的20位“武汉大学名师”之一。他主编的MBA专业英语不仅是全国众多高校专业外语课程教学大纲编写过程的首要参考教材,更是中华人民共和国教育部MBA教学指导委员会的MBA教学大纲中“英语教学大纲”的“参考文献”中唯一提及的专业英语教材。至今出版专著与教材15本,论译文40多篇,英语教学录音带12盘;他是包括三峡国际招商、纳斯达克上市公司文件在内的国际项目文件的主译。Tel13037158558E-mail:II. OpenerTeaching Objectives & Coverage of the Course:1、Many ideas and materials have been taught to and used previously for Ph. D and EMBA students of Whole Wuhan University.2、Awaken students to what a decent English might mean to their career development;3、Shed light on students appreciation of Criteria for decent English(insightful idea organization, logic reasoning, well-woven structural paragraph and discourse organization, good facility with the language seen in variable sentences and above all, high quality diction e.g. Pilgrimage visit journey/trip).4、We are blessed with(sibling of the same parents)the opportunity to share knowledge under the same roof.5、Develop professionalism in financial business English(business philosophy and accuracy);6、Learn how to seek further progress in English, esp. their oral English;7、Learn substantial number of Financial English Terms and Expressions;8、Learn how to handle professional C-E and E-C translations.9、Explaining and interpreting materials selected;10、Impromptu translation and interpretation;11、Simulated situation English;12、Reading assignments shall be given and shall be checked in the form of dictation.Grading of the Course:1、Attendance and class performance 40%;2、Final 60%.The Mix(构成) of the written Final(期末考试笔试): 经济与管理学院Economics and Management School of Wuhan University2006学历班MBA商务英语试题出题人:桂国平 考试形式:闭卷 时间:2007年1月11日(150分钟)姓名_ 学号_ 记分_I. Translation of Specialized Terms(600.5 = 30 points)1.一个被收购的企业 an acquired firm60.随机抽样 random samplingII. Reading Comprehension(61+82 = 22 points)61-74:III. Concept Check(values in business communications )Directions: Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.75.What are 4 “C” in business communications and how does each “C” stand for specifically in communications?76.IV. Translate the Following Sentences into Chinese(25 = 10 points)77.81.In order to prevent employees from making false claims for expenses and bring the overhead under control, the firm is to implement a new expenses system: an employee can claim only a limited amount back on expenses after corporate travel. This means he or she may have to settle the balance for his or her personal expenses. Of course, if he or she has made additional contribution to the firm, he or she may be in a position to claim full amount back on expenses, even a bonus.Translate the Following Sentences into English(35=15 points)82-85:他们成功地开发出该技术,问题是他们没办法搞到资金将该装置进行批量生产以获得规模效益。VI. Writing(15 points)A Business Report/A Memo/or. Objectives & Stresses of the TeachingPERCENT OF MANAGERS RECOMMENDING SPECIFIC COURSES AS “VERY IMPORTANT” PREPARATION FOR GENERAL MANAGEMENTCourse U.S Asia ChinaOral Communication 79.5% 71.8% 8.6%Written Communication 78.0 69.7 8.0Computer/Information Systems 53.4 27.0 21.1Business Policy/Planning 47.5 48.2 14.1Finance 39.9 38.5 30.9Accounting 37.4 30.2 45.9Personnel/Industrial Relations 36.0 36.1 37.7Marketing 36.9 40.2 20.2Business Economics/Public Policy 31.9 34.2 14.2Business Law 26.0 19.1 8.5Production/Operations 25.3 11.7 30.7Statistics 18 .1 10.8 16.9Advertising/Sales 14.5 10.3 22.4International Business 10.3 21.5 10.5Parts of the world. If you made such an assumption, you would be wrong. You must go beyond your initial inference and assess the reasons that Chinese managers lack extensive education. You must go beyond surface conclusions:1. In relation to its size, China does not have many institutions of higher education-in contrast to the United States. In 1980 there were only 675 institutions of higher education, increasing to 902 in 1984, and by 1985-the latest figures-the number had reached 1,016.2. China is an agrarian economy. Over 800 million people still live in the countryside 69 percent of the labor force is agricultural. Education, some early Chinese leaders felt, was not needed in such an environment.personal capital for career promotion:What does the ability to communicate to the fabricating of a financial professional?Ability to communicate 1Ambition drive 2College education 3Sound decision-making skills 4Self-confidence 5Good appearance 6Ability to get things done with and through people 7Capacity for hard work 8、Criteria for “an English word has been learnt by me”MBA英语最有价值词汇及词组学习应掌握的标准国内进行的几乎所有英语水平考试(proficiency test)通常都有大纲和词汇表(当然包括词组)。近两年出现了一些专门针对MBA入学英语词汇表的教程。如何看待、又如何处理这些东西呢?笔者以为,词汇表只告诉你某一单词或词组属于这一考试范畴,你需要认真对待,仅此而已。迄今为止,市面上MBA英语词汇之类的教程基本上将词汇表的单词解释一遍,至多给点例句,基本上没有强调一个具体单词的考点,更没有介绍它与相关单词有哪些异同,而考试毕竟是在4个选择项中抉择。真正有意义的英语词汇和词组训练必须具备两个条件:其一,必须将有考试意义的单词相对全面的找出来;其二,更重要的是将这些单词设计在有实战意义的试题之中。这是一种极其浩繁的工作。试想看,设计阅读理解时,找个适当的文章,处理一下,再出些题就一页纸,而用心设计一道词汇题才两、三行。这就是为何词汇和词组专门训练的材料少见的原因。但是,不这样做而只是机械地背词汇或这类教程,或者以所谓“全真试题/模拟试题”代之,实际是诉诸运气。其实,MBA联考大纲中的词汇表,要弄懂远没有人们想象的那么简单。在绝大多数情况下,它既不能给你一个单词或词组最精准的意思,又没有告诉你它的正确用法。比如,在该词汇表中“at large”这个词组所给的中文对应意思是“自由”。我们一般考生心目中的自由是“freedom”。实际上,中文的“自由”有诸种内涵,但只有“自由”这两个字。英文则不然,英文中有“freedom”,它是人们向往的自由,如言论自由freedom of speech、结社自由freedom of gathering、出版自由freedom of press。而投资与贸易的自由则是“investment and trade liberalization”,而非“investment and trade freedom”,这里的自由化是指有关国家或地区对外国投资和贸易要大度,不要设置障碍。至于“at large”这个自由是一种非常特别的“自由”危险的人或动物在被制服/控制前的自由,如带武器的逃犯或从动物园跑出来的猎豹。严格地讲,前者应称为“逍遥法外”。没有有价值的书或辅导,一般考生很难理解到这样一些区别,那么选择自然就困难了。同时,同一个单词,即便是非常眼熟的单词,它们因后面接的介副词不同意思也大相径庭。比如,上述“freedom”接“of”就是自由。然而,如果freedom 后接“from”决不可理解为我们所希望的自由,恰恰相反,它是我们力图摆脱的东西,应翻译成“摆脱”。如:“If I am elected as governor of the state, I shall offer citizens of this state freedom from want and freedom from unemployment in my term of office.”中文意思是:“如果我当选州长,在我的任期内我将让本州全体市民摆脱贫困与失业”。这是美国竞选州长非常普通的一句话,其中几个看似十分眼熟的单词有我们一般没想到的意思:除freedom from是“摆脱”意思外,want是贫困的意思,office则是“行政权力”的意思。MBA联考词汇表中,许多拼写完全一样却具有不同词性,上述want只是一个例子。更多的是,动词它只给这样一个标记“v”。常识告诉我们,对一个动词要知道它是及物(vt)还是不及物(vi)的?是不及物的,其后面介/副又是什么?不知道又如何做题?名词也是如此,如词汇表中“preference”交代的是名词,但preference for sth.是“有sth的偏好”而Preference over sb/sth.是“对sb/sth.有优先权”。这样一些例子枚不胜举。以上表明,MBA备考中以上两种极端的作法是极其有害的。那么,MBA英语的单词和词组究竟要掌握到什么样的“火候”呢?根据笔者多年大学英语教学和对付国家统考的经验是对一个单词的掌握必须达到以下三个层次:1、Recognition (认识)2、Usage (用法)3、Differences from the synonyms (与近义词或词组的相同与不同之处)这三个层次要求是一个统一的、由浅及深的、完全从考试和应用实际出发的词汇“认识”过程和不可分割的全面要求。对一个单词我们必须首先能认识(这一层次的“认识”一般指其汉语对应的意思)它,但这是不够的,因为一个单词一旦与其它单词结合可能会偏离其原来的意思,甚至意思完全相反,上述“freedom of”与“freedom from”就是例子。因此,掌握一个单词的用法在考试和实际生活中极为重要。自2005年后MBA英语加大了“Cloze”题型的权重,由过去的5分变为15分。而对单词精准的理解特别是结构式用法掌握的如何对这一题型得分至关重要。比如,MBA词汇表有deprive 这个词,并告诉你这是一个及物动词。然而,这个动词或这类及物动词用法很不一般:The commission deprived him of his office for abuse of power.(委员会因他滥用职权而解除他的职务)在现实生活中,如果一个外国人问一个漂亮中国女孩是干什么的,她回答:“I am P.A(Personal Assistant) of CEO.”(我是首席执行官的秘书)对这样一个英语回答,听的人都非常尴尬:理解你的外国人知道你外语不好,不理解的会感到非常震惊,因为正确的表达应该是:“I am P.A to CEO(chief executive officer)”。介词“of”一般表示一种物主关系,“to”则表示一种隶属关系。你不应该是CEO的财产而应该是其下属。然而,正确的表达是“She is the P.A(personal assistant) to that CEO”,因为她并非那个CEO的财产。这样的例子太多了。关于MBA单词用法掌握一个更高要求是:同一个单词乃至该单词的同一词性有时必须根据语境(context)和其所在的位置来判断。例如,绝大多数考生对“bid”和“open”这两个单词不会陌生且想当然地认为理解,其实未必,试看:1. Open bidding:很多人可能会以为它是“公开招标”,实际上,它是“开放性招标”的意思,即没有资格预审程序,对投标人数量不予限制;2. Bid opening:有人可能以为它是“投标开始”,实际是“开标”的意思,即当众将收到的所有合格的投标信封拆开,公布各自的报价;3. Opening bid:有人会以为它是“开价”的意思,然而它确是买卖方“首次报价”的意思。Opening作为名词的定语一般是“首/第一”的意思。如:“The opening sentence of your writing is much too laborious.”(你文章的第一句太冗长了)英语单词精准掌握的一个天敌是“轻敌”,即有些看似十分简单、眼熟的单词实则有非常的意思,这也是考试出题的一个习惯,但往往被人们忽视。比如:There is something in the air that there will be a big rise in oil price, nobody can tell, though.乍一看,这个句子没有什么难单词。这只是从一般的观点看,其实它远非一般人想象。首先,something在英语中是倾向于肯定的意思,tell 除了“告诉”和“区别”以外,还有“肯定”的意思,相当于:be sure about it;though这个词在句首是“尽管/虽然”的意思,但在句末则是“然而”的意思,相当于:however。因此该句的意思是“据可靠传闻,石油价格要猛涨,但谁也说不清。”再者,象ask这样一个单词,一般认为它是“问”的意思,但实际上它还有“要求/请求”的意思,相当于“demand/request”,而这两个单词需要虚拟处理的,不了解这些,在词汇结构或翻译中,你肯定会“就范”。最后,也最重要的是,MBA入学英语词汇和词组的学习和考试必须掌握这个词或词组与那个单词或词组有哪些区别,在哪个方面有区别。由于在实际考试中毕竟是在4看似相同的A、B、C和D选择项中作唯一正确的选择,可以说,这是单词和词组学习与考试的至高境界。考试难度越大,级别越高,它们的区别就越“slight”。例如,在MBA英语词汇表里:Scope、range、spread应该说这两个词的基本意思还是“范围”,问题是:scope是一个圈圈内的“范围”,而range 是直线两点之间的范围。如:The hide-and-seek game is limited to the scope of the campus.(捉迷藏的游戏限于校园内)也就是不能跑出校园。还有“scope of business”(经营范围)也是如此。再看:North Korea is believed to have developed long-range missiles.(据信朝鲜已开发出远程导弹)这里的范围range是两点之间的“范围”, 即发射至弹着点间的距离范围,包括价格上涨或下降也是在两点之间的的“范围”,因而也用“range”。再如:The range of increase in oil price shall be subject to the approval by the State.(石油价格涨价范围须经国家批准)这些细微区别不仅全国统编的MBA辅导教材不介绍,甚至市面上也没有这种资料,因为这种工作难度和量很大,考虑到一个单词或词组的精准理解需要借助上下文,笔者认为,达到一种至高境界或获得最好的学习与考试效果应注意两个方面:其一,要让考生明白或帮助考生培养这样一种意识某一具体单词或词组意思的侧重点在什么方面,比如象“enhance”这个名词,词汇表的中文对应词是“提升”,可是“raise”也是“提升”。应该告诉考生前者后面只能接抽象名词,如提升品牌知名度,而后者的后面既可以接抽象名词也可以接具体名词,如将一个物体提升到某一高度等。当然,这些细微区别的“面”是很多的,将在下一小节专门予以归纳。其二,应该在具体的语境中学习与做题,换言之,就是要尽可能设计出一些A、B、C和D四个选择项区别极小同时有提供合理语境(其中有可用来判断的线索“clues”)。这两个条件是MBA英语单词和词汇真正掌握及提升通过概率的重中之重,而这不仅是笔者多年英语教学与考前辅导的特色,也是本书的特色。Similarities and differences among synonymous words and phases一、近义词形式和用法的同异一些单词或词组虽说在中文中意思相同,在英语中功能也一样,但表达形式和用法有异。如:在英语中几乎所有的表示“阻止(防止/禁止)某人作某事都是这样一个句型:e.g. prevent (keep/stop/hinder etc.) + sb from sth/doing sth.但也有例外:forbid sb to do sth.在表示“由构/组成时”,大多数词组都带介词“of”,但别忘了:1、The delegation is composed of seven members.(习惯上用被动用法)2、The delegation is made up of seven members.(习惯上用被动用法)3、The delegation consists of seven members.(习惯上用主动用法)虽说1、2、3均带介词“of”,但例3是主动用法,更不要忘记,表达同一意思还有“comprise”这个及物动词,它在使用时不需要介词“of”,如:4. The delegation comprises seven members.(习惯上用主动态且不用“of”)二、单词表达物质、具体/精神、抽象的侧重点差异raise /enhanceThese Russian songs had great influence on a generation of her parents age.这些俄罗斯歌曲对她父母这代人有很大影响。(抽象名词/“精神”的影响)The medicine seems taking effect on her now.药物看来在她身上起作用。(抽象名词/“物质或生化反应”的影响)The victims of the earthquake have received clothes and money contributed by people of all walks of life.地震的灾民已得到了各界捐助的钱和衣物。(动词/得到“具体的、物质的”东西)So far, they have not come up with the solution to the pollution of the Tai Lake.迄今为止,他们尚未得出解决太湖污染的途径。(动词/得出“抽象的”东西)三、单词方向性差异The central government is granting the hinterland and western economies preferential policies.中央正在给中西部地区优惠政策。(从上往下的给,“授”给下面的。)Please give this telegram to your roommate when he comes back.你寝室室友回来,请把这封电报给他。( 平行,给同等地位的人。)I have submitted the feasibility studies to president of the board of directors.我已把可行性研究报告给了董事长。(从下往上给,“上报给”,往上奏/呈交。)四、单词内涵与色彩的差异(褒义/贬义/中性)Vegetation can improve climate and water and soil conservation.植被可以改善气候及水土保持。(改善是往好方面改)She insisted on my modifying the manuscript for her.她坚持要我把她稿件改一下。(改稿件也是改好,往好方面改。)He changed mind at the last second)他最后一刻改变了主意。(中性的,这里并不强调改好还是改坏。)Smoking affects your lungs.抽烟对你的肺有影响。(这里“影响”是朝坏方面变。)The Act was amended in 1939.该法案是1939年修订的。Design Amendment /draft v.s draw up这里的修正/订也是改变,但它是对有法律效力的文件之类东西的改变包括契约或已签字,作为合同文件一部分的设计文件等。五、单词内涵中力度或程度的差异I will get a neck-lace when my cousin comes back from the USA.我表姐从美国回时我会得到一只项链。She is a cripple. I cant imagine how she has managed to obtain MBA degree under her circumstances.她腿不方便,我真不能想象在她那种情况下是如何获得MBA学位的。(显然,“obtain”包含了困难与艰辛,而“get”并无这种色彩。)He did not think too much of the fame that could not be attained by majority of his contemporaries.对绝大部分同代人根本无法获得的声誉,他不已为然。(这里的attain侧重指达到的高度、水准或层次等)The performance had begun before she hurried to the theater.她匆匆赶到剧院时演出已经开始。She dashed to the drowning child on hearing “Help!”一听到有人喊“救命”,她飞快的向溺水的孩子冲去。显然,“dash”比“hurry”色彩要重的多,“dash”是冲刺,而“hurry”只是匆忙。六、单词现象与本质或动作与效果的差异在词典或词汇表解释看似差不多的一些词,实际上它们强调侧重点不一样。例如,explain和interpretation都是“解释”。但前者强调的是“过程”,后者强调的是“本质”:The dispute in the first place arose from the different interpretation of an ambiguous term in the contract by the two parties to the joint venture.该纠纷源于合资企业双方对合同中一个模棱两可的术语有不同的解释。The right to interpretation of the document rests with the HR Dept.Incur(权利义务/成本费用)She explained to the police how she had been robbed of her purse.她向警察介绍她钱包是如何被抢走的。再者,股权的转让之所以用equity assignment,而技术转让用technology transfer,是因为股权转让是所有权的转让,而技术转让据惯例是使用权的转让,它们有质的不同。七、单层与多层内涵差异实际上更难的是,有些词或词组不只是单层意思。它们有多层内涵,要么使用时有一个前提(或讲究条件),要么意思十分局限。试看以下几个例子:例1:The air-attack reduced the town to ruins.空袭使这个城镇夷为平地。(这里的“变”是“沦为”,即不仅变坏而且非常剧烈,是质的变化。)例2:Look, our cat is chasing a rat in the yard!瞧,咱们的猫在院子里正追赶一只老鼠。Chase v.s Track在词汇表范围,“catch up with”只表示拉近两者间的距离,“track”是追踪,目标并不明显,而“chase”是目标已锁定,则除了紧追不舍的意思外,还有将前者吃掉的内涵,通俗地讲,它指追赶一只猎物,或空战时敌我之间飞机的追赶缠斗,现在常用于竞争者之间的关系。例3(词组):Even their plane has an automatic landing gear, they dont overlook the importance of a manual one so that the pilot can fall back on it in case of the failure of the automatic landing gear.A depend B rely C fall back D hinge这里A、B意思差不多,都是依靠的意思;D是取决于的意思;而fall back on sth/sb是指在前一种努力不行时再来依靠的意思。所以,正确答案是C。八、动宾固定搭配和习惯用法的差异在英语中,虽说take、make或have这类动词可以作许多名词的谓语,但许多英语的动宾结构有固定的动词。例如:1、(正)They adopt a positive attitude toward their firms restructuring.2、(误)They take an active attitude of their firms reform.他们对企业的体制改革持积极的态度。adopt attitude toward 在英语中表示对持态度;restructuring指体制改革,reform指宏观的改革运动;positive表示从思想、态度或效应上,而active 一般形容动作或行动。3、(正)Id like to make a trip to New York and Ill pay less if I buy a round-trip ticket.4、(误)Id like to take a trip for New York and Ill pay less if I buy a ticket of coming-and-going range.我想去趟纽约,如果我买往返机票会少花些钱。make a trip to (place)及round-trip ticket均为英语习惯用法或习惯搭配。According to data on the Balance Sheet(资产负债表), the firm is to go bankrupt as its _ have far exceeded its assets.A. debts B. obligationsC. liabilities D. dutiesAssets/liabilities资产与负债 v.s responsibilityclaims and obligations债权债务2007-10-7 Lecture1、Lets get down to the business.言归正传Business在此意指“认真的事情” You mean business? 你是认真的吗?2、Dont take to the mind. 别往心里去3、General English v.s(as opposed to与之相对应的/相对而言) Professional English4、What do we mean by professional English?质问具体的定义 回答一定要用by开头By professional English we mean first of all, we have to be very professional(business philosophy经营理念)in idea organization, Secondly, we have to acquire a substantial stock(数量可观的) of professional vocabulary(词汇).5、We are blessed with(sibling of the same parents) the opportunity to share knowledge under the same roof.6、pilgrimage visit journey/trip 朝圣之旅7、some insights into(深刻见解) significance of English8、Learn by heart 熟练掌握9、positive attitude 积极的态度Logic reasoning 逻辑的推理能力Well-structured organization 讲话有层次感Cogent argumentationVariable sentence patterns 多样化的句型High diction10、Pay attention to sth/doing sth 注意/当心Attach importance/value to sth/doing sth. 重视Give priority to sth/doing sth. 对某事优先考虑/倾斜Place/put a high premium on sth/doing sth 对某事有很高的要求Our MBA program attaches great importance/value to the study of English.我们的MBA项目十分重视英语的学习Nowadays, with Chinas accession to(加入) WTO, international business is placing an increasingly important premium on professionals business English.当前,随着中国的入世,国际业务对专业人员的商务英语有越来越高的要求。With Chinas accession to WTO, international business is placing/putting an increasingly important premium on professional English. The MBA program of Wuhan University attaches great importance/value to studying of English.随着中国的入世,国际业务对专业英语有越来越高的要求,武汉大学MBA项目十分重视专业外语的学习。The Peoples Municipal Government of Wuhan shall give priority in taxation to businesses operating on this industrial estate.武汉市人民政府将对在本工业园经营的企业在税赋上予以倾斜。The Peoples Municipal Government of Wuhan shall give priority to(给予倾斜) pollution-free(无污染) businesses operating on this industrial estate(工业园). Those businesses shall be exempted from(被免除) corporate income taxes(企业所得税) by 40% in the initial phase(初级阶段) their operation.武汉市人民政府将给在本工业园经营的无污染企业给予倾斜,他们经营的初级阶段的企业所得税将免除40。Initial three years 最初的三年Exempt sb from sth. 免除某人做某事2007-10-14 Lecture1、Requirements and objectives of the course for this semesterWhat kind of aura to foster for your class?Oral English : assignments and evaluation(价值观)Written wordI am the kind of professor who attaches importance to fostering positive and upbeat values.我是那种很重视培养积极向上价值观的教授。2、How to achieve the transition(实现转换) from General English toward Professional English?General English focus: rough comprehension of a passage or a paragraph.Professional English: Some professional or business philosophy. expressions of professionalism. professional terms focuses are laid on individual words and sentences than discourse.3、Can I have your advice on buying a used car?我想买辆二手车,你有何高见

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