A1__Rock_Superstars.doc

Lesson One Rock Superstars: What Do They Tell Us About Our Society and Ourselves?关于我们和我们的社会，他们告诉了我们些什么？课文逐句翻译摇滚乐是青少年叛逆的音乐。摇滚乐评论家约相罗克韦尔Rock is the music of teenage rebellion.John Rockwell, rock music critic知其崇拜何人便可知其人。小说家罗伯特佩恩沃伦By a mans heroes ye shall know him.Robert Penn Warren, novelist1972年6月的一天，芝加哥圆形剧场挤满了大汗淋漓、疯狂摇摆的人们。It was mid-June, 1972, the Chicago Amphitheater was packed, sweltering, rocking.滚石摇滚乐队的迈克贾格尔正在台上演唱“午夜漫步人”。Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones was singing “Midnight Rambler.”演唱结束时评论家唐赫克曼在现场。Critic Don Heckman was there when the song ended.他描述道：“贾格尔抓起一个半加仑的水罐沿舞台前沿边跑边把里面的水洒向前几排汗流浃背的听众。听众们蜂拥般跟随着他跑，急切地希望能沾上几滴洗礼的圣水。“Jagger,” he said, “grabs a half-gallon jug of water and runs along the front platform, sprinkling its contents over the first few rows of sweltering listeners. They surge to follow him, eager to be touched by a few baptismal drops”.1973年12月下旬的一天，约1.4万名歌迷在华盛顿市外的首都中心剧场尖叫着，乱哄哄地拥向台前。It was late December 1973; Some 14,000 screaming fans were crunching up to the front of the stage at Capital Center, outside Washington, D.C.美国的恐怖歌星艾利丝库珀的表演正接近尾声。Alice Cooper, Americas singing ghoul, was ending his act.他表演的最后一幕是假装在断头台上结束自己的生命。He ends it by pretending to end his life with a guillotine.他的“头”落入一个草篮中。His “head” drops into a straw basket.“哎呀！”一个黑衣女孩子惊呼道：“啊!真是了不起，不是吗？”。“Ooh,” gasped a girl dressed in black. “Oh, isnt that marvelous?”当时，14岁的迈克珀力也在场，但他的父母不在那里。Fourteen-year-old Mick Perlie was there too, but his parents werent.“他们觉得他恶心，恶心，恶心，”迈克说，“他们对我说，你怎么受得了那些？”“They think hes sick, sick, sick,” Mike said. “They say to me, How can you stand that stuff?”1974年1月下旬的一天，在纽约州尤宁谷城拿骚体育场内，鲍勃狄伦和“乐队”乐队正在为音乐会上要用的乐器调音。It was late January 1974. Inside the Nassau Coliseum in Uniondale, New York, Bob Dylan and The Band were tuning for a concert.馆外，摇滚歌迷克利斯辛格在大雨中等待着入场。Outside, in the pouring rain, fan Chris Singer was waiting to get in.“这是朝圣，”克利斯说，“我应该跪着爬进去。”“ This is pilgrimage,” Chris said, “I ought to be crawling on my knees.”对于这一切好评及个人崇拜，你怎么看？How do you feel about all this adulation and hero worship?当米克贾格尔的崇拜者们把他视为上帝的最高代表或是一个神时，你是赞成还是反对？When Mick Jaggers fans look at him as a high priest or a god, are you with them or against them?你也和克利斯辛格一样对鲍勃狄伦怀有几乎是宗教般的崇敬吗？Do you share Chris Singers almost religious reverence for Bob Dylan?你认为他或狄伦是步入歧途吗？Do you think he or Dylan is misguided?你也认为艾利丝库珀令人恶心而拒不接受吗？Do you reject Alice Cooper as sick?难道你会莫名其妙地被这个奇怪的小丑吸引，原因就在于他表达出你最狂热的幻想？Or are you drawn somehow to this strange clown, perhaps because he acts out your wildest fantasies?这些并不是闲谈。These arent idle questions.有些社会学家认为对这些问题的回答可以充分说明你在想些什么以及社会在想些什么也就是说，有关你和社会的态度。Some sociologists say that your answers to them could explain a lot about what you are thinking and about what your society is thinking in other words, about where you and your society are.社会学家欧文霍洛威茨说：“音乐表现其时代。”“Music expressed its times,” says sociologist Irving Horowitz.霍洛威茨把摇滚乐的舞台视为某种辩论的论坛，一个各种思想交锋的场所。Horowitz sees the rock music arena as a sort of debating forum, a place where ideas clash and crash.他把它看作是一个美国社会努力为自己的感情及信仰不断重新进行解释的地方。He sees it as a place where American society struggles to define and redefine its feelings and beliefs.他说：“重新解释是一项只有青年人才能执行的任务。只有他们才把创造与夸张、理性与运动、言语与声音、音乐与政治融为一体。”“The redefinition,” Horowitz says, “is a task uniquely performed by the young. It is they alone who combine invention and exaggeration, reason and motion, word and sound, music and politics.”作曲兼演唱家托德伦德格伦对这个观点表示赞同。Todd Rundgren, the composer and singer, agrees. 他说：“摇滚乐与其说是一种音乐力量不如说是一种社会心理的表现。就连埃尔维斯普雷斯利也并非是一种伟大的音乐力量，他只不过是体现了50年代青少年那种心灰意冷的精神状态。”“Rock music,” he says, “is really a sociological expression rather than a musical force. Even Elvis Presley wasnt really a great musical force. Its just that Elvis managed to embody the frustrated teenage spirit of the 1950s.”毫无疑问，普雷斯利震惊了美国的成人世界。Of course Presley horrified adult America.报纸写社论攻击他，电视网也禁止播他，但也许埃尔维斯证实了霍洛威茨和伦德格伦的看法。Newspapers editorialized against him, and TV networks banned him. But Elvis may have proved what Horowitz and Rundgren believe.当他通过电视上埃德沙利文的星期日晚间的综艺节目出现在千百万人面前时，就引起了某种辩论。 When he appeared on the Ed.Sullivan Sunday night variety show in front of millions, a kind of “debate” took place.多数年纪大的观众眉头紧皱，而大多数年轻观众则报以掌声欢迎。Most of the older viewers frowned, while most of the younger viewers applauded.摇滚乐评论家们说，从埃尔维斯到艾利丝，许多歌星帮助我们的社会解说其信仰与态度。Between Elvis and Alice, rock critics say, a number of rock stars have helped our society define its beliefs and attitudes.鲍勃狄伦触动了对现状不满的神经，他唱到民权、核散落物以及孤独。Bob Dylan touched a nerve of disaffection. He spoke of civil rights,nuclear fallout, and loneliness.他唱到变革和老一代人的迷茫，他在歌声中唱道：“这儿正发生着什么事，你不知道是什么事，对吗，琼斯先生？”He spoke of change and of the bewilderment of an older generation.“Somethings happening here,” he sang. “You dont know what it is, do you, Mr. Jones?”其他人也加入了这场辩论。Others entered the debate.霍洛威茨说，甲壳虫乐队以幽默的方式，或许还借助麻醉品的力量来倡导和平与虔诚。傲慢无理、打架斗殴的滚石乐队成员要求革命。杰斐逊飞机乐队的歌曲“我们能够联合”和“志愿者”（有一场革命）则是激进青年的更进一步的两项声明。The Beatles, Horowitz said, urged peace and piety, with humor and maybe a little help from drugs. The Rolling Stones, arrogant street-fighting men, demanded revolution. The Jefferson Airplanes “We Can Be Together” and Volunteers (Got a Revolution)” were two further statements of radical youth.但政治并不是60年代强硬派摇滚乐所辩论的惟一主题，始终作为任何音乐永恒组成部分的情感也是一个重要题目。But politics wasnt the only subject debated in the hard rock of the sixties. Feelings, always a part of any musical statement, were a major subject.詹妮丝乔普林用歌声表达自己的悲哀。Janis Joplin sang of her sadness.甲壳虫乐队揭示出爱与恨之间的一系列的感情。The Beatles showed there were a range of emotions between love and hate.以后又出现了“乐队”乐队把乡村音乐和西部音乐所表达的较为传统的观念与强硬派摇滚乐较为激进的“都市”观念结合在一起。Then came The Band, mixing the more traditional ideas of country and western music into the more radical ”city” ideas of the hard rock.霍洛威茨认为这一成分的乡村音乐帮助听众表达了一种“摆脱这一切”，“重返过去时光”的强烈愿望。This country element, Horowitz feels, helped its audience express an urge to “get away from it all,” to “go back to the old day.当前最能说明霍洛威茨看法的例子之一就是约翰丹佛，他最著名的歌曲阳光照在我肩上、高高的落基山和乡间小路把民间摇滚乐的音乐灵魂与力量结合了起来，而歌词则赞美了“往日美好时光”的朴素的欢乐。.” One of the best current examples of what Horotwitz is talking about is John Denver. His most notable songs “Sunshine on My Shoulders”, “Rocky Mountain High”, and “Country Road” combine the musical drive and power of folk rock, while the lyrics celebrate the simple joys of “the good old days.”这样的例子不胜枚举。The list could go on and on.这些摇滚乐音乐家们和所有的艺术家一样反映出我们借以认识并形成属于自己的感情与信念。Like all artists, these rock musicians mirror feelings and beliefs that help us see and form our own.我们以什么来回报他们呢？当然是掌声和赞美。What do we give them in return? Applause and praise, of course.在1972年的一次全国民意测验中，10的男高中生和30以上的女高中生都说他们最崇拜的人是超级摇滚歌星。In one 1972, national opinion poll, more than 10 percent of the high school boys and 20 percent of the girls said their hero was a rock superstar.此外我们给他们金钱， 商业杂志福布斯认为，“当今成为百万富翁的捷径是当摇滚歌星。”We also give them money. “The fastest way to become a millionaire these days,” says Forbes, a business magazine, “is to become a rock n roll star.”今天的英雄们至少其中一部分人告诉我们，他们很喜欢所得到的报偿。Todays heroes some of them, anyway tell us they enjoy their rewards.“我暗自嘲笑这些先生们和女士们,他们从没想到过我们会成为金娃娃。”演唱这支歌曲的是“文化英雄”艾利丝库珀。“And I laughed to myself at the men and the ladies. Who never conceived of us billion-dollar babies.” The particular “culture hero” who sings that is Alice cooper.可是，仍然存在着一个大问题：为什么他是文化英雄？The big question remains: Why is he a culture hero?他，或者当今任何其他走红的摇滚歌星能告诉我们些什么有关他们的歌迷的事情？What does he or any other current rock success tell us about his fans?对于我们自己和我们的社会有些什么了解？现在怎样，过去如何，将来又将向何处去？About our society and ourselves? Where it is, where it was, where its heading?课后练习解答A. Answer the following questions on the text:1. What is the function of the two quotations? Are they appropriate?The author uses the two quotations to introduce his ideas. Yes, they are.2. What does the author attempt to illustrate with the three examples at the beginning of the article?The author uses the three examples to show that the young people worship the rock superstars very much, but the adults find they are sick, the examples show that young people and adults have a totally different attitude towards rock music.3. According to Irving Horowitz, what is the sociological significance of rock music?Rock music can express its times. He sees it as a debating forum where American society struggles to define and redefine its feeling and beliefs.4. In what sense did Elvis Presley prove what Horowitz and Rundgren believed?When he appeared on the Ed. Sullivan Sunday night variety show, a debate took place. The old people frowned while the young viewers applauded.5. How did Bob Dylan, the Beatles, and the Rolling Stones differ from each other politically?Bob Dylan touched a nerve of disaffection. The Beatles urged peace and piety. The Rolling Stones demanded revolution.6.What other major subjects did rock music deal with apart from politics?Apart from politics, the rock music dealt with feelings and emotions.7.What rewards did rock superstars get?The rock superstars got applause, praise and money.8.Has the author given a complete answer to question he raises in the title? Why do you think the author ends the article the way he does?No, he hasnt. He wants to leave the question to the readers and let them think.B Translate the following into Chinese:1.“Jagger,” he said, “grabs a half gallon jug of water and runs along the front platform, sprinkling its contents over the first few rows of sweltering listeners. 他描述道：“贾格尔拿着半加仑水，顺着舞台前沿，边跑边把水洒向前排汗流浃背的歌迷身上。”2.How do you feel about all this adulation and hero worship? 你如何看待这种赞美和英雄崇拜？3.Or are you drawn somehow to this strange clown, perhaps because he acts out your wildest fantasies? 还是由于他把你狂热的幻想用行动表现出来，你神不知鬼不觉地被这个不可思议的小丑所吸引？4.Some sociologists say that your answers to them could explain a lot about what you are thinking and about what your society is thinking in other words, where you and your society are. 一些社会学家认为你对这些问题的回答，很能说明你在想什么，社会在想什么，换句话说，可以说明你和社会的态度。5.Its just that Elvis managed to embody the frustrated teenage spirit of the 1950s. 只不过艾尔维斯的演唱表现了50年代青少年那种沮丧的精神状态。6.Feelings always a part of any musical statement were a major subject. 感情总是任何音乐表达的必要成分，也是一个重要议题。7.This country element, Horowitz feels, helped its audience express an urge to “get away from it all, “ to “go back to the old days.” 霍罗威茨认为这种结合表达了听众欲“摆脱现实一切”、“重归昔日”的强烈愿望。8.In one 1972 national opinion poll, more than 10 percent of the high school boys and 20 percent of the girls said their hero was a rock superstar.在1972年的一次全国民意测验中，10%以上的高中男生，20%的女生表示他们心目中的英雄是超摇滚歌星。C. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below, changing its form when necessary:sprinkle/ swelter/ in other words/ lazy/ rather than/ reject/act out/ idle/ worship/reverence/ drive/ embody1.His paintings (embody) the spirit of the modern era.他的画体现着时代精神。2.How do you (act out) your frustrations, by throwing glasses or something? 你怎样表现你的失望？是扔玻璃还是其它什么东西？3.The peddler (sprinkled) some water over his vegetables to make them fresher and heavier.小贩把水洒在蔬菜上，以使其更新鲜更有份量。4.In such heated air, the (sweltering) students could hardly keep their minds on their lessons.这么热的天气，大汗淋漓的学生很难集中精神学习。5.Thats (idle) gossip. Dont listen to it.别听，那是毫无根据的谣言。6.She sent in her application for the job, but was (rejected) as unqualified.她递交了工作申请，但由于不够资格遭到拒绝。7.The salesman considered it safe to go along with the boss (rather than) to contradict him.销售者认为顺着老伴而不反驳他是非常安全的方法。8. Everybody should have a sincere (reverence /worship) for the laws of his country.每个人都应该真心实意地遵从自己国家的法律。D. Choose the right word or expression in the brackets to complete each of the following sentences:1.The whole nation watched the two candidates (arguing, debating) the issue of raising taxes on TV.整个国家观看电视上两位候选人就提高税率而进行的辩论。2.It was a (proud, arrogant) moment for my cousin when she shook hands with the President.我表姐与总统握手时她十分骄傲。3.Even if you (mix, blend) oil and water, they will not (mix, blend).即使把水和油混在一起，它们也不能融合。4.Some people watch television so much that they cannot (conceive, imagine) of living without it.一些人看电视太多，他们无法想象没有电视的生活。5.As it was an informal dinner, most people (wore, were dressed) in their comfortable clothes.由于不是正式晚宴，大多数人穿着较舒服的衣服。6.Do you think those young people are (idealistic, ideal) or pragmatic?你认为这些年轻人是理想主义者还是实际主义者？7.Filled with great (adulation, admiration) for their integrity and courage, he was determined to be a man like them.非常敬重他们的正值和勇气，他决定成为一个像他们一样的人。8.Deep at night, they could still hear gun-fire (rambling, rumbling) in the distance.深夜他们仍能听到远处隆隆的枪声。E. Explain the underlined words in English:1.“They think he is (sick, sick, sick), “ Mike said.Disgusting恶心的，令人讨厌的2.Newspaper (editorialized against him).Editors articles attacked and criticized him3.He pokes of change and of (the bewilderment of an older generation).the confusions of the old people4.The Beatles (urged peace and piety) had a strong desire for peace and piety5.His most notable songs while the (lyrics celebrate the simple joy) The words of the song praise the natural happiness of the old days.6. these rock musicians (mirror feelings and benefits).reflect emotions and outlooks7.Horowitz sees the rock music arena as (a place where ideas clash and crash).a place where ideas come into opposition and contradict to each other8.What does he or any other (current rock success) tell us about his fans?other successful rock stars at presentF. Translate the following into English:摇滚乐于20世纪50年代末举起于美国。它不仅是一种新型的音乐形式，更是美国的青年人表达他们对世界和人生看法的论坛。在这个论坛上，歌星们唱出了青年人对民权、战争与和平的态度，唱出了他们对社会的不满，也唱出了爱与恨之间的各种情感。总之，在这个论坛上，青年人把他们对美国社会的信仰及情感给以全新的解释。早期的摇滚乐的主要代表人物有艾尔维斯普雷斯利，歌星加诗人鲍勃狄伦，甲壳虫乐队以及滚石乐队等等。他们都是青年人崇拜的文化英雄。Rock music began in America in the late 1950s. It was not only a new musical form, but also a forum for the American youth to express their ideas of the world and life. In this forum, the stars sang out the attitudes of the youth towards civil rights, war and peace, the disaffection of their society, and a range of emotions between love and hate. All in all, in this forum, the American youth redefined the beliefs and feelings of their society. The typical representatives of the early rock music were Elvis Presley, singer and poet Bob Dylan, the Beatles, the rolling Stones and so on. They were the culture heroes whom the young people worshipped.G. Write a short passage of 150200words in English on the topic “Do you agree that Rock Is the Music of Teenage Rebellion?” You should cover the following points:1.A general statement of your position;2.Two or three arguments with a supporting example for eachDo You Agree that Rock Is the Music of Teenage Rebellion?Rock music began in America in the late 1950s. It was not only a new musical form, but a forum for the American youth to express their ideas of the world and life.Music expressed its times. Rock music was a sociological expression rather than a musical force. It embodied the frustrated teenage spirit of the 1950s. At that time young people might be dissatisfied with the society or they had some hatred toward the adult world, but they could not protest it openly. So they would use music as an outlet. Then they could get some balance in their minds.Another aspect is that the young people could make their ideas and beliefs known to the world through music. By music, they could show their felling and dreams. So all in all, young people combined invention and exaggeration, reason and motion, word and sound, music and politics as a whole.词组摘要1. Rock Superstars 摇滚乐超级明星rock ： rock music，rock n roll （or：rock and roll） 摇滚乐早期的摇滚乐是源于美国的民歌（folk）爵士乐（jazz）勃鲁斯歌曲（blues）等的一种音乐，其特征是具 有强烈的节奏 （rhythm ）单纯的旋律 （ melody ）一再重复的歌词和音符的后拍音 （ after beat ）2. Rock is the music of teenage rebellion. 摇滚乐是青少年的反叛音乐a. teenage adj. pertaining to a teenager （ 13 至 19 岁的 ） 青少年的。其名词形式为teenager：（13至19岁的青少年）。b. rebellion ： resistance to or defiance of any authority 造反，反派。如:a rebellion against old traditions 对旧传统的反叛。3. By a man s heroes ye shall know him. 你将从一个人崇拜的英雄得知其人。a.这句句子的句型与英语中常说的 judge a man by the company he keeps（以一个人所交的朋友断定其为人）很相似。b. ye = you 用于古英语或诗歌中，是第二人称代词thou的复数。如：Ye are the salt of the earth .你们是社会的中坚。4. “Midnight Rambler”：ramble ： walk for pleasure漫游，既可表动词，也可作名词。如：They rambled through the woods.他们在林中漫步。5. He said，“grabs a half-gallon jug of water and runs along the front platform ， sprinkling its contents over the first rows of sweltering listeners ”a. grab：to seize suddenly，eagerly，or roughly；snatch 急抓，夺取。如： He jumped up from the table，grabbed his hat and ran out of the door.他从桌子旁跳了起来，抓起自己的帽子，奔出门去。另外，grab后面可以跟其他名词或名词短语。如：grab a shower快速冲了澡，grab a sandwich，胡乱吃了一个三明治，grab a taxi 赶搭出租车。有时，还可以作不及物动词。如：He grabbed at the opportunity of going abroad. 他设法抓住这次出国的机会 b. sprinkle：to scatter drops or particles of water，powder or the like on 洒液体，撒粉末等（于上）。如：They sprinkled ashes on the icy sidewalk .他们在积水溜滑的人行道上撒了灰。We sprinkle the lawn every day .我们每天给草坪洒水。以“sprinkling”引导的短语是动词的“- ing ”形式作伴随状语。再如：They stood there，watching the basketball.他们站在那里，观看篮球比赛。6. They surge to follow him，eager to be touched by a few baptismal drops.a. surge：to move or swell forward in or like waves 如波涛汹涌而至。A crowd surged out of the theater.观众从剧院里蜂拥而出。b. 以形容词“eager”引导的不定式词组在语法功能上起着并列分句的作用。7. Some 14，000 screaming fans were crunching up to the front of the stage at Capital Center ，a. some：（ before a number ）approximately，about（在数字前）大约。如：some twenty students大约20个学生。b. scream to make a loud， sharp cry 尖声大叫。“screaming”是动词 scream的“- ing”形式作前置修饰语，“screaming fans”意为“尖声大叫的歌迷”c. crunch：to proceed with a crushing noise嘎吱嘎吱地往前。如：