第八章 动词和动词短语.doc

第八章 动词和动词短语作者姓名：谢宗国 单位：重庆万州赛德国际学校【本章导读】动词和动词短语是英语中最灵活.最难掌握的词，在近年高考题试题中动词所占比例最大，设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力，涉及同一动词搭配的考查越来越少，可以说几乎没有，高考对动词和动词短语的考查主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中。但有一点值得注意的是：高考考查的动词和动词短语都是一些常见的词汇，并不是生僻动词，这就是考生应该把握的方向，多从近五年的高考题中掌握那些出现频率高的动词和动词短语，并且注意每个动词和动词短语的常考词义。【考点优化1】 考查动词辨析，这是该考点出现的基本形式。一是四个选项是在结构上都很相近的动词，要做好这类试题，必须明确各个动词的词义和用法，然后根据题意需要选用合适的动词；二是不仅结构相同而且意义相近，即四个选项无论在意义上还是在结构上都是很相近的动词，面对这类试题，必须要从四个动词的语义差别.用法特点等入手才能选出符合题意的动词。 【真题例析】例1.(2010安徽卷)How did you like Nicks performance last night ?To be honest ,his singing didnt to be much?A.appealB. belongC. referD. occur【答案】A。【解析】appeal to意为“吸引”；belong to意为“属于”；refer to意为“提到；涉及”；occur to意为“突然想到”，句意：她的演唱并不怎么吸引我。例2.(2008山东卷)The fact that she never apologized a lot about what kind of person she is. A. says B. talks C. appears D. declares【答案】A。【解析】say意为“说明.表达.显示” ；talk 意为“谈论”；appear意为“出现.显得”；declare 意为“宣布.声明”，句意，“她永远不会道歉很大程度上说明了她是一个什么样的人”。【考点拓展】 高考考查动词辨析主要考查三个方面： 1.词形相同：有的动词之间有相同的音节，但词义.搭配却不一定相同。 2.词义相近：有的动词之间词义比较接近，很难区别，只有借助于上下文的句意才能把握。 3.搭配相同：有的动词有相同的搭配和结构，但词义未必相同，有时只从句子的内容来看，几个选项似乎都合适，但只要从词的搭配上一看便知道答案。【拓展例析】例1.(2010福建卷).In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.I cant agree more. Its great to have the two.A. linkedB. relatedC. connectedD.combined【答案】D。【解析】本题几个词之间有意义相近之处，have sth. done.意为“使某事被做”。A项意为“相联系的”；B项意为“有关的”；C项意为“相连接的”；D项意为“同时做，结合”。句意：现在，妇女既可以生孩子，也能干工作。我非常赞同，两者相结合非常好。例2.(2009浙江卷)The good thing about children is that they very easily to new environments. A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply【答案】A。【解析】本题四个动词在音节上有相同之处，搭配相同，都可以和介词to搭配，adapt to 适应；appeal to 呼吁，使感兴趣；attach to粘贴；apply to 申请。句意：意，对于孩子们来说比较好的是他们能够非常容易的适应新的环境。例3.(2008天津卷)Her shoes her dress; they look very well together. A. suit B. fit C. compare D. match【答案】D。本题四个动词有两两意义相近之处，suit多指合乎需要.口味.性格.条件.地位等；fit多指大小.形状合适；match多指大小.色调.形状.性质等方面的搭配；compare“比较”强调两者之间的对比。句意：她的鞋子与她的裙子很相配，看上去很协调。【考点优化2】考查不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析，很多动词与介词或副词连在一起构成固定的搭配从而形成动词短语或短语动词，这类试题的四个选项是由四个不同的动词构成的动词短语，这近几年高考命题的最大变化，解答这类试题的关键是根据题干意思，选出符合题意的动词短语。 【真题例析】例1.(2010湖北卷).Had she her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.A. looked up toB.lived up toC. kept up withD. come up with【答案】B。【解析】live up to(履行，实行)，look up to(抬头看，尊重)，keep up with(跟上，追上)，come up with(追赶上；想出；提出)。句意：如果她当年履行了自己的诺言，她就会进入耶鲁大学了。例2.(2009安徽卷) We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all .A. given away B. kept away C. taken up D. used up【答案】C。【解析】give away意为“泄露”.“捐赠”；keep away意为“控制在外”；take up意为“占据”；use up意为“用光”.“用尽”。句意：我们好不容易找了个七人桌，但位子都被占了。例3.(2008天津卷)The meal over, the managers went back to the meeting room to their discussion. A. put away B. take down C. look over D. carry on【答案】D。【解析】题干中的carry on与 went back相对应，A项 put away含义为“储存，放好，收拾好”，B 项take down含义为“取下，记下，拆除”，C项 “look over” 含义为“检查，检阅”。句意：午餐过后，经理们返回办公室继续他们的讨论。【考点拓展】高考在考查动词短语时，有时也考查同根动词短语的辨析，这类试题的四个选项都是由同一个动词加不同的介词或副词构成；有时考查的是四个选项两两同根或者不同动词和同一副词或介词的搭配。从历年高考试题来看，那些搭配能力强.语义丰富的常用动词短语是命题的重点对象。解答这类试题时，一定要在理解语境的基础上，从语义逻辑.固定搭配.前后关系等角度去确定答案。 【拓展例析】例1.(2010辽宁卷)Thousands of people to watch yesterdays match against Ireland.A. turned onB. turned inC. turned aroundD.turned out【答案】D。考查短语动词的用法。turn out有“外出”的意思，而turn on则是“打开”，turn in“上床睡觉,上缴”等意思；turn around是“转身”的意思。只有turn out符合语境。句意：数千人出来观看昨天同爱尔兰队的比赛。例2.(2009陕西卷)A notice was in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time. A. sent up B. given up C. set up D. put up【答案】D。end up意为“发射”；give up意为“放弃”.“传上去”；set up意为“提出”.“提议”.“竖起”.“升起”；put up意为“张贴”。句意：他们张贴了一张通知，提醒学生们更改后的讲座时间。例3.(2010安徽卷)No matter how low you consider yourself ,there is always someone you wishing they were that high.A. getting rid of B. getting along withC. looking up to D. looking down upon【答案】C。【解析】getting rid of意为“摆脱；去除”；getting along with意为“与相处；进展”；looking up to意为“尊敬；敬仰”；looking down upon意为“看不起；轻视”。句意：无论你认为自己怎样低下/卑微，总会有人仰望你，他们希望也像你一样高大/伟大。【考点优化3】考查动词与其宾语的固定搭配，英语中有许多动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法。碰到这类试题时，解答的关键是弄清题意，然后根据题意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。 例1.(2010山东卷)Your house is always so neathow do you it with three children?A.manageB. serveC. adaptD. construct【答案】A。【解析】manage it表示“设法做成某事”，serve表示“为服务；接待”，adapt表示“使适应，使适合”；construct表示“建造，构筑；构思”。句意：你家里总是那么整洁家里有三个孩子，你是怎么设法做到的?例2.(2010辽宁卷32). The new movie to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time.A. promisesB. agreesC. pretendsD. declines【答案】A。【解析】promise to be“有的希望”； pretend to be“假装成”；agree是“同意，赞同”；decline是“衰老，衰退”，没有to be的搭配形式。句意：这部新电影有望成为电影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。【考点拓展】1.近年高考除了考查动词和宾语的搭配外，还考查动词与其宾补的固定搭配，英语中有些动词后跟宾补时，有其固定搭配，如let/have/make sb. do sth.，get/force sb. to do sth.，allow/permit/forbid sb. to do sth.等。解答这类试题的关键是分析句子结构，找到作宾补的不定式，然后看不定式前是否有不定式符号to，最后确定该用什么动词。 2.系动词后面常接形容词.名词.分词和不定式等搭配，此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。这类动词有：appear, become, feel, look, sound, seem, taste, prove, remain, stay, smell, grow, turn, go, come, fall, stand, lie, exist等。解答这类试题的关键首先是弄清题意，然后是分析句子结构，由此可判断出该动词是否用作系动词，最后确定所要填入的答案。 【拓展例析】例1.(2009福建卷)The Somali robbers frequent attacks on the sea urges the United Nations to all nations to take immediate action. A. fight for B. apply for C. call on D. wait on【答案】C。【解析】本题不仅考查四个动词短语的辨析，有经验的考生会很快从动词搭配入手尽快得出答案，fight for意为“为而战”；fight for sb. to do显然没有，apply for意为“申请”；apply for sb. to do也是不对的，wait on意为“伺候”，wait on sb. to do也没有的，call on意为“号召”，call on sb. to do最恰当了。句意：索马里海盗频繁在海上实施抢劫迫使联合国号召所有国家即刻采取行动。例2.(2010四川卷)Some people eat with their eyes. They prefer to order whatnice.A.looksB. smellsC. feelsD. tastes【答案】A。【解析】本题考查系动词的用法辨析，与上句中的eat with their eyes相对，后句应该为看起来很好吃的东西。句意：一些人吃东西凭借他们的眼睛看，更喜欢订购看上去好吃的东西。【考点优化4】考查“动词+副词+介词”短语的辨析，这类试题的四个选项要么是四个不同动词，但副词相同.介词不同的动词短语；要么是四个动词相同.副词相同.介词不同的动词短语。解答这类试题时，弄清题意诚然重要，但还要注意该短语的尾词是介词.副词还是不定式符号to，切忌想当然。 例1.(2010福建卷) Weve just moved into a bigger house and theres a lot to do. Letsit.A. keep up withB. do away withC.get down toD. look forward to【答案】A。【解析】keep up with保持，do away with废除，去掉，get down to着手处理，look forward to盼望，期待。句意：我们刚刚搬进大一点的房子，因此有许多事情要做。让我们开始做吧。例2.(2010江西卷)Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may justsweet dreams.A. keep up withB. put up withC.end up withD. catch up with【答案】C。【解析】keep up with保持, put up with忍受, end up with以为结束catch up with赶上。句意：睡觉前闻闻话的香味，你也许会做上好梦。【考点拓展】1.在考查“动词+名词+介词”短语的辨析时，往往会把名词前移，剩下的部分作为定于来考查，这类试题的命题形式常不是直接考查动词短语辨析，而是往往把某一动词短语中的名词提至句首作主语或使名词充当定语从句的先行词，旨在考查考生对句子结构的分析能力。所以解答这类试题的关键是分析句子结构，并在弄清题意的基础上选择正确的答案。 2.考查同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析，这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词加相同的介词或副词构成。解答这类试题的关键首先还是弄清题意，然后选出符合题意和句子结构需要的动词短语。 【拓展例析】例1(2009浙江) The media can often help solve problems and draw attention situations help is needed. A. in; that B. to; which C. in; where D. to; where 【答案】D。【解析】draw attention to 是固定词组，意为“吸引注意力”，to是介词，后接名词.代词或动名词。第二空中用where引导表地点的定语从句。句意：媒体常常能帮助解决问题，在你需要帮助的情况下它还能让你引起公众注意。 例2.(2010江苏卷)The experiment has the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets.A. found outB. pointed outC.ruled outD. carried out【答案】C。【解析】rule out排除(可能性)；find out是查找出point out指出carry out执行，实施。句意：实验排除了那个行星上存在生命的可能性，但这并不代表其他行星上也没有生命。【本章小结】高考热点疑难动词短语break away from vt.1)挣脱(某人)2)脱离(组织等)，破除(思想体系，传统)break down 1)vi. go wrong (机器、车轮)发生故障2) vi.fail(计划、谈判等)失败3) vi.(身体)垮了，感情失控4)vt.(化学)；分解divide划分break up 1)vt/vi 击碎，破裂2)vt. 破坏(关系)；vi.(关系)破裂3)vt. 驱散(人群)break off 1)vt. end 断绝(关系)2)vt./vi. stop停止(说话，工作)bring about vt. cause 导致，引起bring in vt.1)cause to come in, introduce 把带进；引进2)earn 赚得，获利。bring out vt. 1)显示，使得到充分发挥；使变得明显或衬托2)阐明，解释call off vt. Cancel 取消 carry out vt. perform 实施(计划)，履行(义务，职责)，进行(实验、手术等)check in at the hotel在旅馆登记住宿check out of the hotel结账后离开旅馆clear up 1)vi.天空放晴2)vt./vi. putin order收拾，整理3)vt. 澄清，解释come up with vt. think of 想出，提出(计划，方法等)cut off 1)切掉，剪掉2)切断(电力、煤气、某人通话等)3)separate 将隔绝(离)开来 be cut off from 与隔绝，与中断联系contribute to 1)捐献；为作出贡献2)help to cause 有助于，导致3)为投稿drop out vi. 退出，退学 get away vi. 1) escape 逃走 2)leave 离开get around 1)同get about(尤指病人)走动；各地旅行2)(谣言等)传开get over vt. 1)从(疾病，震惊，失望等)中恢复过来2)克服，战胜(困难、偏见等)get through 1)vt. 通过(地方)2)vt./vi. 通过(法律，考试)(用主动态)3)vt.finish完成4)vi. 接通电话get down to sth./doing sth. 静下心，认真做give away vt.1)捐献，捐赠2)泄露(秘密)give off vt. send out散放出(光，热，气味等)give out vt.1)hand out 分发2)announce 宣布，公布3)vi. be used up 用完，耗尽2)be worn / tired out 精疲力竭give in(to sb./sth.)向屈服，对作出让步。同义词 give way togo for 1)try to obtain争取得到2)hold true of适用于go through 1)suffer, experience 遭受，经历2)仔细检查、审查 3)通过(法律，考试)go off vi.1) explode 爆炸2) ring(铃)响 hand over(to)1)把送交 2)移交(权力，责任等)hold back vt.1)prevent 阻挡 2)control控制(感情，眼泪等)3) hide 隐瞒hold out1)vt. offer 提供2)vi.(在逆境中)坚持hold on vi.1)别挂电话2)同hold out 坚持，hold on to 紧紧抓住不放；保住(工作等)；长期保留hold up vt.1)raise举起，抬起 2)delay 使耽搁 hang about/around vt. & vi. 闲荡，徘徊 keep back vt.1)hide 隐瞒2)扣下不付live up to 1)遵守(诺言，原则) 2)不辜负3)be worthy of 与相符make it 1)succeed 成功2)arrive in time 按时到达某处 3)设法安排make for vt.1)向方向前进；冲向2)有助于；促进make out 1)vt.(勉强)辨认出，看清楚2)vt. 理解，明白make up 1)form 组成，构成 2)虚构，捏造3)化装，打扮4)弥补，补偿 make up forpull down vt.1)拉下2)拆除(建筑物)pull in vi.(列车等)进站，pull out 出站pull off vt. & vi; pull over vi. 把车暂停在路边put away vt.1)把收起来，把放回原处2)积攒、储蓄；同义短语：set aside put down vt.1)放下2)write down 写下3)bring under control 镇压put up with：stand, bear 忍受，忍耐put sb. to trouble 给某人添麻烦put an end to = end vt. 结束run into vt.1)(无意中)遇到2)hit 猛撞在上see to 1)务必做到，确保2)处理(某物)3)照顾(某人)show off vt./vi. 炫耀，卖弄stick to + n 坚持(原则，真理等)；信守(诺言、原则)take over 1) 接替，接管，接收2) 占上风，取而代之take in 1)吸收(空气、水等)；理解，领会2)欺骗tear oneself away from 依依不舍地离开turn away 将拒之门外；解雇，辞退。turn out 1)蜂拥而出2)生产，制造，培养3)结果是，原来是turn over 1)vt.反复考虑2)vt. 把掀翻；vi. 翻车(人)turn over 翻身win sb./sth. back(通过努力，奋争)赢回，重新得到win sb. over(to sth.)(通过说服)把争取过来work out 1)vt. 计算出2)vi.产生结果，结果是3)详细拟定(计划、方案、细节等)【随堂测试】1. The teacher has a peculiar way of her students nervousness when then speak English. A. breaking down B. going over C. taking off D. giving away2. In the cross-lake swimming race, a boat will be in case of an emergency.A. standing by B. turning on C. getting on D. running on 3. You _only half the price ,how would the seller sell the jacket to you ?A. spent B. paid C. charged D. offered4. He the problem in his mind for a whole week before he did anything about it.A. switched; on B. kicked; up C. turned; over D. took; on5. At times the balance in nature is , resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects. A. troubled B. confused C. disturbed D. puzzled 6. So, how is your new roommate ? She really . She always making loud noises at midnight and when I remind her , she always makes rude remarks.A. turns me over B. turns me down C. turns me off D. turns me out 7. People have planted a great many trees in order to wind and sand in the desert.A. hold down B. hold up C. hold back D. hold out8. Would you like to go to Paris with us next year ? Id like to, but my mother that I am too young. A. is against B. opposes C. objects D. explains 9. Theres no bear left and the pubs are shut so youll have to . A. go out B. go off C. go without D. go through 10. The film “World without thieves” a great success and brought in a large profit to the cinema. A. appreciated B. enjoyed C. won D. seized 11. Dressed untidily and speaking in a strange way, Father must have to the people present to be a silly old man. A. appeared B. pretended C. shown D. thought 12. Thomas Alva Edison didnt “invent” the light bulb(灯泡), but rather he a 50 year old idea, which is not well known. A. improved upon B. take down C. put up D. break away 13. Youd better some hot water into the bottle in case the tea cools down. A. add B. fill C. fill in D. put 14. After retirement, Mr. Smith painting, which he had always loved but had not had time for. A. took up B. got up C. help up D. looked up 15. She tried hard to keep calm in face of the students, but the sweat on her forehead her .A. gave; away B. tuned; down C. showed; out D. shut; off 【真题演练】1.(2010全国I卷)The workers the glasses and marked on each box “this side up”A. carriedB. deliveredC. pressedD.packed2.(2010全国II卷)My mother opened the drawer to the knives and spoons.A.put awayB. put upC. put onD. put together3.(2010陕西卷)You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must you, I suppose.A.agree withB. agree toC. agree onD. agree about4.(2010湖北卷)Duty is an act or a course of action that peopleyou to take by social customs, law or religion.A. persuadeB. requestC. instructD.expect5.(湖北卷28). Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his househis personality.A. resemblesB. strengthensC.reflectsD. shapes6.(2010江苏卷). Thousands of foreigners were to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.A. attendedB. attainedC.attractedD. attached7.(2010江西卷)Parents much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.A.attachB. payC. linkD.apply8.(2010山东卷)Sam some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it. A. brought upB. looked upC.picked upD. set up9.(2010陕西卷)You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must you, I suppose.A.agree withB. agree toC. agree onD. agree about10.(2010四川卷)Jenny was looking for a seat when，luckily，a manand left. A. took upB.got upC. shut upD. set up11.(2010天津卷) He telephoned the travel agency to three air tickets to London.A. orderB. arrangeC. takeD. book12.(2010天津卷) Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion, and as a manager.A.ended upB. dropped outC. came backD. started off13.(2010浙江卷)The majority of people in the town strongly the plan to build a playground for children.A. considerB.supportC. confirmD. submit14.(2010浙江卷) After that, he knew he could any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.A. get away withB. get on withC.get throughD. get across15.(2009四川卷) How about your journey to Mount Emei? Everything was wonderful except that our car _ twice on the way. A. slowed down B. broke down C. got down D. put down16.(2009全国卷)If you leave the club, you will not be back in. A. received B. admitted C. turned D. moved17.(2009福建卷)We are at your service. Dont to turn to us if you have any further problems.A. beg B. hesitate C. desire D. seek18.(2009湖北卷)Would you please the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes? A. look around B. look into C. look up D. look through19.(2009湖北卷)The loss has not yet been accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.A. calculated B. considered C. completed D. controlled20.(2009湖北卷24)Some parents are just too protective. They want to their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.A. spot B. dismiss C. shelter D. distinguish21.(2009江苏卷) Im surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have . So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them. A. broken up B. finished up C. divided up D. closed up22.(2009江西卷) It is reported that the police will soon the case of the two missing children.A. look up B. look after C. look into D. look out23.(2009山东卷) Do you have enough to all your daily expenses? Oh yes, enough and to spare. A. cover B. spend C. fill D. offer24.(2009山东卷)Amy joined a painting group but didnt seem to , so she left.A. show off B. go up C. fit in D. come over25.(2009天津卷) Sorry, I have to now. Its time for class. OK, Ill call back later. A. hang up B. break up C. give up D. hold up26.(天津卷8)Dont worry if you dont understand everything. The teacher will the main points at the end.A. recover B. review C. require D. remember27.(2009年浙江卷)Pra