口语交际 应对(上课课件,共39张PPT)语文人教部编版八年级下.ppt

口语交际应对,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.了解应对的种类和特点，提高对应对的认知。2.通过具体的实践学习掌握应对的基本策略和常用方法，增强应对能力。3.培养良好的语言习惯，提高敢于发表自己见解的心理素质，增强与人沟通交流的能力。,应对就是对别人所说的话语做出回应，或对别人提出的问题给予解答。广义的应对包括所有的聊天、问答、讨论等，这里则主要指面对别人的调侃、质疑、诘问、刁难时随机应变的话语能力。那么，怎样才能做到随机应变、巧妙应对呢？,1.准确判断对方的态度，是善意的玩笑、提问，还是恶意的讥讽、挑衅？对方的态度不同，应对的方式也应有所不同。如果是善意的玩笑，就要报以善意的幽默、自嘲；如果相反，可以选择恰当的方式，积极应对，不给对方以可乘之机。,应对的方法：,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.掌握一定的应对技巧。特别是面对一些特殊场合，如国际间交往、答记者问或其他正式场合的交流等，或者遇到一些故意的刁难，就要注意采用一定的应对技巧。常用的应对技巧有自嘲、归谬、巧换概念、针锋相对、转换话题等。,巧妙应对的前提应该是准确理解对方的意图，把握对方的主要观点，因此，认真倾听对方的话语就显得尤为重要。在此基础上，如果能够依据当时的话语情境，快速调动思维，迅速做出反应，就能做到随机应变、巧妙应对了。,需要注意的是：,主要通过书面形式的表述题来评估学生的口语交际能力。常见的考查方式是设置特定的情境，要求学生写出别人讲话的言外之意，或写出人物当时可能说的话，或写出讨论的焦点和不同意见，或围绕话题谈自己的看法，或对某些事物进行评价等等。,口语交际题考查形式及应对技巧：,（1）“介绍”类：自我介绍、介绍朋友、介绍家乡、介绍一处名胜古迹、介绍一种动物或植物等。（2）“独白”类：说笑话、说故事、说愿望、说奇思妙想、说读后感观后感、说经验教训、说目击情况等。,题目类型：,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,（3）“交往”类：道歉、祝贺、待客、转述、劝阻、赞美、批评、安慰、解释、采访、购物、问路、打电话、导游等。（4）“表演”类：当众演讲、致欢迎词、主持节目等。（5）“讨论”类：对不对、好不好、行不行、怎么办、建议、讨论、辩论等。,（1）言之有“礼”，即根据特定的情境采用文明得体的用语；（2）言之有“物”，即有具体内容，不讲空话、套话或含糊不清的话；（3）言之有“序”，即按一定的顺序说，注意事物内在的联系及因果关系，力求意明句畅；（4）言之有“节”，即话要简洁明了，不拖泥带水。,答题要求：,一位美国记者在采访周总理的过程中，无意间看到总理桌子上有一支美国产的派克钢笔。那记者便用带有几分讥讽的口吻问道：“请问总理阁下，你们堂堂中国人，为什么还要用我们美国产的钢笔呢？”很明显，这位记者的本意是想挖苦嘲讽周总理：你们中国人怎么连好一点的钢笔都不能生产，还要从我们美国进口？周总理听后，,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,说了一席风趣的话。美国记者一听，顿时哑口无言，丢尽颜面。面对美国记者的肆意嘲讽，周总理是如何风趣沉着地作出应对的呢？周总理说：“谈起这支钢笔，说来话长。这是一位朝鲜朋友的抗美战利品，作为礼物赠送给我的。我无功受禄，就拒收。朝鲜朋友说，留下做个纪念吧。我觉得有意义，就留下了这支贵国的钢笔。”,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,一、阅读下面的应对案例，简要分析、评价这些名人采用的应对技巧。,1.孔融十岁的时候就表现出超乎寻常的聪明才智，得到人们的赞许。有一个叫陈韪的官员却当众不以为然地说：“小时了了（聪明），大未必佳。”孔融立即回应道：“想君小时，必当了了。”,2.一名英国女士非常喜欢钱锺书的小说围城，于是打电话给钱锺书请求见面。钱锺书对她说：“假如你吃了个鸡蛋觉得不错，何必认识那下蛋的母鸡呢？”,3.一个年轻的画家拜访德国著名的画家阿道夫门采尔，向他诉苦说：“我真不明白，为什么我画一幅画只用一会儿工夫，可卖出去要整整一年。”“请倒过来试试吧，”门采尔认真地说，“要是你花一年的工夫去画它，那么只用一天就准能卖掉它。”,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,参考答案：【示例】1.针对叫陈韪的官员的当面取笑，孔融没有针锋相对，而是避其锋芒，运用“归谬法”“以子之矛攻子之盾”，既化解了自己的尴尬，彰显了自己的聪明，又有效地回击了陈韪的羞辱，可谓是一举两得。,2.针对一名英国女士求见的请求，钱锺书既没有直接同意，也没有一口回绝，而是运用“类比法”，将自己的作品围城比作那一个好吃的“鸡蛋”，将自己比作那只下蛋的“母鸡”，委婉地回绝了这位英国女士因那“鸡蛋”好吃而想见“母鸡”的请求，通俗易懂，令人莞尔。,3.阿道夫门采尔的意思是说，应该用更多的时间去从事绘画构思与设计，这样才能创作出优秀作品。不应该只注重画的数量，不注重质量，粗制滥造。他不是直接回答对方的问题，而是另辟蹊径，委婉批评了对方作画不认真，用的是“答非所问法”。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,二、以小组为单位，任选下列一种情境（也可自己设计情境），自主设计流程，分配角色，合作完成口语交际活动。,情境1：21世纪初，贺敬之重回延安，有记者采访他，请他谈谈：走进新世纪的延安，有什么新的感想？如果再写一首回延安，会写哪些内容？,情境2：近几年，一些地方计划增加中高考语文试卷的分值。对此，支持和反对的人都不少。市电视台正在制作一期关于这一问题的节目，邀请几位赞成“语文加分计划”的嘉宾（包括教育专家、教师、家长和学生）接受现场和电视机前观众的提问。,情境3：某中学评选出了五名不同年级的“读书之星”，他们在读书方面各有高招，对选书、读书、用书也有自己的见解。颁奖之前，学校安排这五名同学参加全校大会，与同学们面对面交流，并回答大家的问题。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,提示：1.自主准备与所选情境相关的资料，揣摩自己扮演的角色，为活动做好准备。2.活动时要突出应对的特点，发问者的问题可尖锐些，被问者的回答应机智、巧妙。注意不要把应对变成谈话、讨论或辩论。,3.要记录活动的过程，最好能够录音。活动结束后，参照记录总结应对的策略和技巧，在全班展示、交流。,参考答案：情境3【示例】问：你为什么那么爱读书？答：阅读可以使我们增长知识，书是人类进步的阶梯。书还是人们另外一双明亮的眼睛，我们可以通过书来观赏大自然美丽无比的风景，通过文字来品味展现在我们面前的一幅幅画卷。,问：你选书有什么技巧吗？答：选择图书是一项重要而艰巨的任务。我个人提供以下两种方式：第一种是根据兴趣爱好选择。比如喜欢文哲类图书，那么一定不能错过孟德斯鸠、卢梭等人的著作。第二种是根据自己的需要选择。也就是说，缺哪方面的知识就多阅读哪方面的书籍。,问：读书有什么好的方法吗？答：1.循环读书法读完书之后，从书中学到的知识，我们要分享给别人，分享是最好的学习方法；但光分享还不够，我们还要应用它，否则过一段时间可能会忘记；应用了还不够，还要学会总结、印证、提升，再回到读书这个环节。概括而言，读书是一个循环的过程。,2.波浪渐进法读一本书，不要强求一气呵成，过一段时间再读原来读起来无味的地方可能就读出感觉来了。3.字斟句酌法一字一句，细细品读。好的作品信息量大，句句是精髓，一定要边读边加以思考。,问：读书带给你的收获是什么？答：1.丰富内涵。读书可以很好地提升一个人的涵养，让人变得有气质，不过，这种改变不是一蹴而就的，需要坚持才会慢慢凸显出来。,2.学习到很多知识。虽然在网络上也可以学到很多知识，但是网络上的知识不系统，不便于整理、吸收。而书籍通常是对某一方面知识的系统整理，避免了知识的碎片化。3.领略智者的思想。阅读名著，可以让我们领略智者的思想，让我们的思维也变得广阔起来。,1.（2018山东德州）六月，毕业了。同学们聚在一起，话别离，送祝福。,（1）李琳说：“我用数字1，祝大家今后学习生活一帆风顺，一路走好！”然后她拿起一个梨，又说道，“在天愿作比翼鸟，,在地愿为连理（梨）枝。愿好朋友一生永不分离（梨）！”李琳的祝福语有不妥的地方，请指出一处。_,“一路走好”为忌语，不妥。（或：“在天愿作比翼鸟”句祝福的对象不恰当。）,（2）仿写张艺拿起个苹果，说：“我用数字2，祝大家好事成双，一生平平（苹）安安。”“我”拿起个枣，用“3”来表达：_,示例：认识大家三生有幸，祝各位早（枣）日圆梦!,2.（2018山东临沂）4月23日“世界读书日”期间，你所在的学校开展语文综合实践活动，主题为“让读书成为一种生活方式”。请你根据要求，完成下列任务。,（1）班级举行“亲子共读”活动，要求家长和孩子共读一部经典，可你的家长借口工作,忙迟迟未读。一天，看到他（她）正在刷微信，请你写几句话劝说。（60字左右）_,示例：爸爸（妈妈），家长是孩子的榜样、孩子的第一老师，孩子的兴趣以及对书籍的喜爱，始终离不开你们的引导与帮助，爸爸（妈妈），请您把刷微信的时间留给我，和我一起读书吧。,（2）活动结束后，有同学写下两句读书感悟，请你以此为例，仿写一个句子，表达你的读书体会。读书就是到智者家串门儿，可以开阔视野，増长见识；读书就是进行生命的化妆，可以充实自我，改变气质；_,示例：读书就是享受乐趣的过程，可以愉悦身心，倍感幸福。,3.（2018贵州安顺）口语交际。周末，王涛和几个同学相约骑自行车去郊外踏青。但不幸的是，回家途中刘明在西