高考阅读题型之选择文章标题

.,阅读,给文章选择一个恰当的标题(title)几乎是必考题。要正确选出标题，必须首先要理解文章大意，明确文章主旨。一篇文章必然会有一个主旨，最能体现主旨的就是主题句，主题句多半在首、尾段或各段的开头或结尾，少数情况下也在文中，甚至没有主题句，此时就需要我们归纳各自然段的意思，自己概括其主旨了。,技巧点拨,.,选择时，要仔细推敲各个选项，排除错误选项，缩小选择范围，从而选出最佳答案。错误选项有以下特征：断章取义：虽含文中的某些单词，但不是文章所谈内容。范围太窄：概括不全面，只是某个细节或某一部分的内容。范围太宽：所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容。无中生有：即文章中未提到，或找不到任何依据的信息。,.,由于断章取义的标题，其部分或全部词汇来自于原文，具有较强的迷惑性，同学们务必要注意。,特别提醒,.,WhenIwasintheeighthgrade,Ihadafriend.Wewereshyand“tooserious”aboutourstudieswhenitwasbecomingfashionablewithourclassmatestolearnacceptablesocialbehaviors.Wesaidlittleatschool,butshewouldcometomyhouseandwewouldsitdownwithpencilsandpaper,andoneofuswouldsay:“Letsstartwithatrainwhistletoday.”Wewouldsitquietlytogetherandwriteseparatepoemsorstoriesthatgrewoutofatrainwhistle.Thenwewouldreadthemaloud.Attheendofthatschoolyear,we,too,werechangingintosocialcreaturesandthestoriesandpoemsstopped.,模拟训练(A),.,WhenIlivedforatimeinLondon，Ihadafriend.Hewasindespair(失望)andIwasindespair.Butourfriendshipwasbasedontheideaineachofusthatwewouldbesorrylaterifwedidnotexplorethisgreatcitybecausewehadfeltbadatthetime.WemeteverySundayforfiveweeksandfoundmanyexcellentthings.Wewalkeduntilourdespairsdisappearedandthenweparted.WegaveLondontoeachother.,.,1.Intheeighthgrade，whattheauthordidbeforedevelopingpropersocialbehaviorwasto_.A.becomeseriousaboutherstudyB.gotoherfriendshouseregularlyC.learnfromherclassmatesatschoolD.sharepoemsandstorieswithherfriend,1.D细节理解题。从第2段，特别是最后三句可知。,.,2.InParagraph3，“WegaveLondontoeachother”probablymeans_.A.ourexplorationofLondonwasamemorablegifttobothofusB.wewereunwillingtotearourselvesawayfromLondonC.ourunpleasantfeelingaboutLondondisappearedD.wepartedwitheachotherinLondon,2.A推理判断题。字面意思是“我们把伦敦作为礼物赠给了对方”；由前两句中“foundmanyexcellentthings”“ourdespairsdisappeared”可推断出：伦敦之旅对我们两人来说都是难忘的礼物。,.,ForalmostfouryearsIhavehadremarkablefriendwhoseimaginationilluminatesmine.Wewritelonglettersinwhichweoftendiscoverourstrangestselves.Eachofusappears，sometimesinafunnyway，intheothersdreams.SheandIagreethat，atcertaintimes，weseemtobepartsofthesamemind.Inmymostinterestingmoments，Ioftenthink:“Yes，Imusttell.”Wehavenevermet.,.,3.AccordingtoParagraph4，theauthorandherfriend_.A.calleachotherregularlyB.havesimilarpersonalitiesC.enjoywritingtoeachotherD.dreamofmeetingeachother,3.C细节判断题。由第2句Wewritelongletters和最后一句Wehavenevermet可知，他们经常相互写信，从来没有见过面。,.,ItissuchcomfortingcompanionsIwishtokeep.Onebrighthourwiththeirkindisworthmoretomethanthelifetimeservicesofapsychologist(心理学家)，whowillonlyfillupthehealing(愈合的)silencenecessarytothosedarkestmomentsinwhichIwouldratherbemyownbestfriend.,.,4.Inthedarkestmoments,theauthorwouldpreferto_.A.seekprofessionalhelpB.beleftaloneC.staywithherbestfriendD.breakthesilence,4.B事实细节题。由最后一句thosedarkestmomentsinwhichIwouldratherbemyownbestfriend可知，作者情绪最低落时，自己是最好的朋友。,.,5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.UnforgettableExperiencesB.RemarkableImaginationC.LifelongFriendshipD.NobleCompanions,5.D主旨大意题。第1段作者表明希望得到的朋友是“sharemyhappiness”“whosequalitiesilluminateme”，作者接着用三段讲述自己在不同时期所交的三位这种类型的朋友。这些朋友间的友谊没有任何利益关系，可谓“崇高的朋友”，故选D。,.,难句分析1.Butourfriendshipwasbasedontheideaineachofusthatwewouldbesorrylaterifwedidnotexplorethisgreatcitybecausewehadfeltbadatthetime.,.,但是，我们的友谊是基于我们内心里的这种想法：如果我们因为那段时间心情不好而不去探索这座伟大的城市，我们以后会后悔的。,主句是ourfriendshipwasbasedontheidea,其后的that引导一个同位语从句,注意中间被作定语的介词短语ineachofus所分隔了;在这个同位语从句中,if引导一个条件状语从句;在这个条件状语从句中,又有because引导一个原因状语从句。,结构分析：,中文大意：,.,2.Onebrighthourwiththeirkindisworthmoretomethanthelifetimeservicesofapsychologist，whowillonlyfillupthehealingsilencenecessarytothosedarkestmomentsinwhichIwouldratherbemyownbestfriend.,.,在than引导的比较状语从句中，who引导一个非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用；在这个定语从句中necessaryto.myownbestfriend是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰thehealingsilence；在这个形容词短语中，inwhich引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词thosedarkestmoments。,结构分析：,.,对我来说，跟他们同类人一小时的欢愉胜过心理医生服务我一辈子，心理学家只能在我宁愿独处的最痛苦时刻填充空白,相对于那些黑暗时刻,我宁愿把自己当最好的朋友。,中文大意：,.,1.Whenitcomesto.当谈到；就而论WhenitcomestoartIknownothing.说到艺术，我是一窍不通。Noonematcheshimwhenitcomestoswimming谈到游泳，没有人比得过他。,日积月累,.,助读词汇,.,B(2010梅州一模)Youknowhowwonderfulyouare,andyouknowthatothersknowhowwonderfulyouare,butwhatdoyoudowhenadmirationcrossesoverthelineintojealousy?Formostteenstherewillcomeadaywhenyourealizethatoneofyourfriendsisjealousandthatthereseemstobenothingthatyoucando，butthegoodnewsisthatthereis.Dontletjealousyspoilyourrelationships.Tackleithead-onandyoumightbebacktonormalmuchsoonerthanyouthink.,.,6.Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingweshouldNOTdotofaceajealousyfriend?A.Walkuptohim/herandaskingwhyhe/sheisjealousofyou.B.Walkuptohim/herandaskingwhattheproblemis.C.Explainhowyouhavebeenfeeling.D.Askhimorherwhatwouldmakethesituationbetter.,6.A细节理解题。根据文章第2段第2句话。,.,7.Theunderlined“it”inthefirstparagraphrefersto_.A.friendshipB.relationshipC.admirationD.jealousy,7.D词义猜测题。由it所在句的前一句可知。,.,Whenyoufigureoutwhatisannoyingyourfriend，askhimorherwhatheorshethinkswouldmakethesituationbetter.Dontlimityourowntalentsoropportunitiessimplybecauseyourfriendisunhappy.Tryinsteadtoincludehimorherinyournewlifeandseehowthatworksout.,.,8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Theresalwaysasolutiontosolvetheproblemofjealousy.B.Jealousycanturnbestfriendsintoworstenemies.C.Youmayloseafriendifyoudontuseyourgiftsorchances.D.Youshouldkeepfarawayfromyourfriendtobebacktonormal.,8.C推理判断题。由倒数第2段中的Dontlimityourowntalentsoropportunitiessimplybecauseyourfriendisunhappy可推知。,.,9.Accordingtotheauthor，thejealousyemotionis.A.normalB.productiveC.destructiveD.extreme,9.C细节理解题。由最后一段第2句Thisdestructiveemotionis.可知。,Eventhebestoffriendshipscanbeaffectedbyjealousy.Thisdestructiveemotionisrarelyproductive(=useful)andcanturnbestfriendsintoworstenemies.,.,10.Thepurposeofthepassageis_.A.toexplainwhatcausesjealousyB.tooffersomeadviceonmakingfriendsC.tointroducethewaytodealwithajealousfriendD.toexplainhowdestructivethejealousemotionis,10.C写作目的题。由第1段可知，本文的写作目的是介绍处理有嫉妒心朋友的方法。,.,小贴士(smalltips)：以疑问句开始的文章，其回答便是主题句，事实上，开篇提出的问题正是作者在本文意欲解决的问题。另外，在首段开头的几句中，表示转折的but，however后的内容，往往就是主题句，是本文要阐述的重点。由文中“butwhatdoyoudowhenadmirationcrossesoverthelineintojealousy?”(当羡慕变成忌妒时，你应该怎么做呢)可知，作者撰写此文的目的就是要告诉读者“面对忌妒你的朋友，你应该怎么做”，即介绍如妥善处理忌妒你的朋友的方法。,.,难句分析Formostteenstherewillcomeadaywhenyourealizethatoneofyourfriendsisjealousandthatthereseemstobenothingthatyoucando，butthegoodnewsisthatthereis(awaytodealwithit).,.,全句是but连接的并列句，在前一分句中，therewillcomeaday是主句，when引导定语从句；在这个定语从句中，realize后面跟that.andthat.引导的两个并列的宾语从句；在andthat.这个宾语从句中，又有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰nothing。在but后面这个分句中，that引导一个省略的表语从句，相当于butthegoodnewsisthatthereisawaytodealwithit。,结构分析：,.,对大多数青少年来说，会有一天，你意识到你的某个朋友有忌妒之心而你又似乎束手无策，但是令人欣慰的是，还是有办解决办法的。,汉语大意：,.,日积月累：Therewillcomeadaywhen.(终)有一天Therewillcomeadaywhenthepeopleofthewholecountrywillliveahappylife.总会有一天，全国人民都过上幸福生活。Therewillcomeadaywhenallofuswillbelivingincitiesquiteunlikethoseofthepresent.总会有一天，我们都