高级英语Mark Twain — Mirror of America.ppt

Lesson6,MarkTwainMirrorofAmerica(Excerpts),ByNoelGrove,本单元作者：颜静兰,Book1,外语教学与研究出版社FOREIGNLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESS,Contents,PartOne:Warm-upPartTwo:BackgroundInformationPartThree:TextAppreciationPartFour:LanguageStudyPartFive:Extension,PartOneWarm-up,.VideoWatching.Brainstorming.Discussion.LearningObjectives,.VideoWatching,Watchthevideoclipanddescribeit.AboutMarkTwain,.Brainstorming,Makesomepredictionsaboutthetexttobelearned.,“MarkTwainMirrorofAmerica”,HuckFinn,TomSawyer,Riverpilot,Confederateguerrilla,Prospector,TheMississippiRiver,Novelist,Reporter,.Discussion,1.WhatdoyouknowaboutMarkTwain?2.HaveyoueverreadMarkTwainsnovels?3.Whichnovelimpressesyoumost?Why?4.DoyoulikethenaughtybutcleverboyTominTomSawyer?Whatattractsyoumostwhilereadingthenovel?5.WhatisMarkTwainswritingstyle?,.LearningObjectives,1.ToknowthewritingstyleofMarkTwain.2.Tobeacquaintedwithsomerhetoricaldevices.3.Tolearntousewordsandexpressionstodescribeapersonslifeandexperience.4.Toappreciatethelanguagefeatures.5.Tolearntowriteacommentonawriter.,PartTwoBackgroundInformation,.AboutMarkTwain.TheCivilWar.TheAdventuresofTomSawyer.TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.GildedAge.GoldRushVII.TheMysteriousStrangerVIII.TheCelebratedJumpingFrog,.AboutMarkTwain,MarkTwainMarkTwainwasthepennameofSamuelLanghorneClemens(18351910),Americasmostfamoushumoristandtheauthorofpopularandoutstandingautobiographicalworks,travelbooksandnovels.,.AboutMarkTwain,Thefirst36yearsofClemenslifeaboyinalittletowninMissouri,asteamboatpilotontheMississippi,areporteronthefarwesternfrontieratravelerabroadAllthesesuppliedhimwithcopiousmaterialwhichheusedlaterforhisbestandmostsuccessfulwritings.,.AboutMarkTwain,.TheAmericanCivilWar,TheAmericanCivilWarwasafour-yeararmedconflictbetweentheNorthandtheSouth.,.TheAmericanCivilWar,ThewarbeganonApril12,1861andwentonfor4bitteryears,withupsanddownsonbothsides.TheturningpointofthewaristheBattleofGettysburg.FinallytheConfederatearmyhadtosurrender,endingthewarin1865.Asaresultofthewar,slaverywasabolishedandtheUnionwaspreserved.,.TheAdventuresofTomSawyer,Fromplayingpiratesonadesertedislandtoattendinghisown“funeral”,fromexploringabat-filledundergroundcavetodiggingfortreasureinahauntedhouse,TomSawyerisageniusatgettinghimselfandhisfriendsintoandoutofsometimesdangerousadventures.,.TheAdventuresofHuckberryFinn,ConsideredasoneofthegreatAmericannovels,theworkhasbeenpopularwithreaderssinceitspublicationandistakenasasequeltoTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.,ItistoldinthefirstpersonbyHuckleberryFinn,afriendofTomSawyer.ThenovelisnotedforitscolorfuldescriptionofpeopleandplacesalongtheMississippiRiver.,.TheAdventuresofHuckberryFinn,.GildedAge,InUnitedStateshistory,theGildedAgereferstotheeraofrapideconomicandpopulationgrowthintheUnitedStatesduringthepostCivilWarandpost-Reconstructionerasofthelate19thcentury.,.GildedAge,Theterm“GildedAgewascoinedbyMarkTwainandCharlesDudleyWarnerintheirbookTheGildedAge:ATaleofToday,ataleofcorruptionandfailedlanddealsandalossofinnocence.,1steditionbookcover,.GildedAge,Inthisperiod,notonlytheroleofwomenwasbeingchallenged.Industrialists,corporations,utilities,bankers,andbrokerswereincreasinglyviewedasanenemybytheworkingclass,whosewageshadstagnatedwhilemenwhowerealreadymillionairesgotricher.,.GildedAge,Failedlanddeals,speculation,andcorruptionwereprevalent.Manyworkerswentfrombeingindependenttradesmentobeingwagelaborersconcentratedinlargefactories.MillionsofimmigrantsswelledthepopulationofU.S.citiesandbegantocompeteforjobs.Laborunionswereborntorepresenttheseangryandbeleagueredworkers.,.GoldRush,Agoldrushisaperiodoffeverishmigrationofworkerstoanareathathashadadramaticdiscoveryofgold.Majorgoldrushestookplaceinthe19thcenturyinAustralia,Brazil,Canada,SouthAfrica,andtheUnitedStates,whilesmallergoldrushestookplaceelsewhere.,VII.TheMysteriousStranger,AnunfinishedworkbyMarkTwainwhoworkedroughlyfrom1890untilhisdeathin1910A“complete”versionwaspublishedposthumouslyin1916byTwainsbiographerunderthenameTheMysteriousStranger,ARomance.,VII.TheMysteriousStranger,ThepublishedbookversionnonethelessmaintainsTwainssharpattackonthehypocrisyoforganizedreligionthatisthesubjectofmuchofTwainslaterwritings.Heviewsreligionasa“moral”ordertoprotectwealth,power,andoppression.,VIII.TheCelebratedJumpingFrog,Itisan1865shortstorybyMarkTwain,hisfirstgreatsuccessasawriter,bringinghimnationalattention.Thestoryhasalsobeenpublishedas“JimSmileyandHisJumpingFrog”(itsoriginaltitle)and“TheNotoriousJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty”.,VIII.TheCelebratedJumpingFrog,Thenarratorretellsastoryheheardfromabartender,SimonWheeler,attheAngelsHotelinAngelsCamp,California,aboutthegamblerJimSmiley.,PartThreeTextAppreciation,.TextAnalysisIntroductionThemeTextOrganizationFurtherUnderstanding.WritingDevicesLanguageStyleRhetoricalDevices.SentenceParaphrase,.TextAnalysis,Introduction“MarkTwainMirrorofAmerica”isanexemplificationorbiographicalessayonMarkTwainwrittenbyNoelGrove.Anessayisapieceofwritingoftenwrittenfromanauthorspersonalpointofview.,.TextAnalysis,Anessaycanconsistofliterarycriticism,politicalmanifestos,arguments,observations,recollectionsandreflectionsoftheauthor.Anexemplificationessayischaracterizedbyageneralizationandrelevant,representativeandbelievableexamplesincludinganecdotes,personalexperience.,.TextAnalysis,MarkTwainisoneofthegreatestwriterintheworldwhosepersonalexperienceandliterarycreationgivesatruerepresentationofAmerica.,Theme,YoungTwain,OldTwain,AdventurousPatrioticRomanticHumorous,CynicalBitterSatiricalMiserable,.TextAnalysis,TextOrganizationPart1(Para.1):Thispartservesasageneralintroductiontothepassage,throughwhichthereaderwillgetaglimpseofthegreatAmericanwriter,MarkTwain,whowasnotonlyadventurous,patriotic,romantic,andhumorous,butalsocynical,bitterandunhappy.,Part2(Paras.2-7):ThispartdepictsMarkTwainslifeexperiencesbeforehiswritingcareer,whichprovidedhimwithrichmaterialforhislaterhumorouswritings.,.TextAnalysis,.TextAnalysis,Part3(Paras.8-18):ThispartintroducesMarkTwainswritingcareer.Part4(Paras.19-21):Thisparttellsthereaderthereasonforhisshiftfromahumorouswritingstyletoabitterandsatiricaloneandthecrumblingofhislastillusions.,.TextAnalysis,FurtherUnderstanding1.Thethemeof“MarkTwainMirrorofAmerica”is_.A.TwainspersonalexperienceandliterarycreationgivesatruerepresentationofAmerica.B.MarktwainisoneofAmericasbest-lovedauthors.C.Twainscolorfulpersonalexperienceexertedgreatimpactonhiswriting.D.TwainsnovelsaresuretobereadandstudiedinAmerica.,2.HowmanyyearsdidMarkTwainrangeacrossthecountry?A.10B.15C.20D.25,3.HowlongdidMarkTwaintrysoldieringasaconfederateguerrilla?A.OneweekB.TwoweeksC.OnemonthD.Twomonths,.TextAnalysis,.TextAnalysis,4.WhatmadeTwainbecomebitterlateinlife?A.AgeB.MoneyC.personalexperienceD.personaltragedy5.AccordingtoTwain,whatwasmissinginAmericanambition?A.EnergyB.HealthC.knowledgeD.Thought,.WritingDevices,LanguageStyle1.EffectiveuseofadjectivesTheeffectiveuseofadjectivesisawaytofocusonvividdescriptionofaperson,hischaracteristicandpersonality.e.g.MarkTwainTomsimplemenadmirethem;andwisemenusethem.2.Speechissilver,silenceisgolden.3.Thewickedfleewhennoonepursues,buttherighteousareboldasalion.,.WritingDevices,.SentenceParaphrase,1.MostAmericansrememberMarkTwainasthefather.freedomandadventure.(Para.1)MarkTwainisknowntomostAmericansastheauthorofTheAdventuresofTomSawyeranditssequelTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,whicharegenerallyacknowledgedtobehisgreatestworks.HuckFinnsidylliccruisethrougheternalboyhood:HuckFinnssimpleandpleasantjourneythroughhisboyhoodwhichseemseternal,2.thecolorfullanguagethathesoakedupwithamemorythatseemedphonographic.(Para.4)Thecolorfullanguagethathetookinmentallywithagoodmemorythatseemedtobeabletorecordthingslikeaphonograph.,.SentenceParaphrase,3.Steamboatdecksteemednotonlywiththugsaswell.(Para.5)Steamboatdeckswerefilledwithpeopleofpioneeringspiritandalsolawlesspeopleorsocialoutcastssuchashustlers,gamblersandthugs.,.SentenceParaphrase,4.heflirtedwiththecolossalwealthandwasrebuffed.(Para.7)Hetriedbutnotveryhardorpersistentlyenoughtogettheenormouswealthavailabletothoseluckyandpersistentones,andhefailed.,.SentenceParaphrase,5.takeadistinctlyAmericanlookattheOldWorld.(Para.12)TakeatypicallyAmericanlook;“theOldWorld”isopposedto“theNewWorld”,whichisAmerica.,.SentenceParaphrase,6.Ontheriver,andespeciallywithHuckFinn,Twainfoundtheultimateexpressionofescape.(Para.18)Bydescribingtheriver(theMississippi),andespeciallyHuckFinn,Twainbestexpressedthedesireofescape.,.SentenceParaphrase,8.Personaltragedyhauntedhisentirelife.(Para.20)Personaltragediesoccurredrepeatedlythroughouthislife.,.SentenceParaphrase,PartFourLanguageStudy,.WordStudy.PhrasesandExpressions,.WordStudy,1.idyllic2.patriotic3.cynical4.frailty5.starry-eyed6.acid-tongued7.feud8.savage9.teem10.acquaintanceship,11.halt12.epidemic13.rebuff14.reckless15.tedious16.panorama17.deplore18.illusion19.crumble20.vanish,.WordStudy,1.idyllic(adj.):anidyllicplaceortimeisverybeautiful,happy,andpeaceful,withnoproblemsordangerse.g.Ifyouwantold-worldtraditioninanidyllicsetting,thisisthehotelforyou.,2.patriotic(adj.):havingorexpressingagreatloveforonescountrye.g.AtLlewellynsfuneralservice,shewasrememberedasapatrioticAmericanwhohadservedhercountrywell.,.WordStudy,.WordStudy,3.cynical(adj.):unwillingtobelievethatpeoplehavegood,honest,orsincerereasonsfordoingsth.e.g.HeisacynicalintellectualwhorivalsSocratesasaneducatoroffutureleadersandstatesmen.4.frailty(n.):thelackofstrengthorhealthe.g.Frailty,thynameiswoman!,.WordStudy,5.starry-eyed(adj.):happyandhopefulaboutthingsinawaythatissillyorunrealistice.g.Andrewfellinlovewiththatstarry-eyedyoungactresses.,6.acid-tongued(adj.):anacid-tonguedremarkuseshumorinanunkindwaytocriticizesb.e.g.Iwasexpectinganotherofhisacid-tonguedremark,butJackremainedsilent.,.WordStudy,.WordStudy,7.feud(n.):anangryandoftenviolentquarrelbetweentwopeopleorgroupsthatcontinuesforalongtimee.g.Thefightstartedabitterfeudoverterritory.8.savage(adj.):criticizingsomeoneorsomethingveryseverelye.g.MarkTwainlashedasavageattackonthestategovernment.,.WordStudy,9.teem(v.):toteemwithsb./sth.:tobeveryfullofpeopleoranimals,allmovingaboute.g.Thesmallislandwasteemingwithtourists.10.acquaintanceship(n.):experienceorknowledgeofasubjecte.g.Nowthisacquaintanceshiphasshownitsdeficiencythoughitprevailedatonetime.,.WordStudy,11.halt(v.):topreventsb.orsth.fromcontinuingusedespeciallyinnewsreportse.g.Thegovernmenthasfailedtohalteconomicdecline.12.epidemic(n.):asuddenincreaseinthenumberoftimesthatsth.badhappense.g.Britainissufferinganepidemicofpettycrime.,.WordStudy,13.rebuff(v.):tomakeanunkindorunfriendlyanswertoafriendlysuggestionorofferofhelpe.g.Herebuffedallhersuggestions.14.reckless(adj.):notcaringorworryingaboutthepossiblebadordangerousresultsofyouractionse.g.Hewasaccusedofcausingdeathbyrecklessdriving.,.WordStudy,15.tedious(adj.):sth.thatistediouscontinuesforalongtimeandisnotinterestinge.g.Theworkontheassemblinglinewasreallytiringandtedious.,16.panorama(n.):adescriptionorseriesofpicturesthatshowsallthefeaturesofasubject,historicalperiodetc.e.g.HisnovelsprovidesapanoramaoflifeinEngland400yearsago.,.WordStudy,.WordStudy,17.deplore(v.):todisapproveofsth.verystronglyandcriticizeitseverely,especiallypubliclye.g.TheU.N.deploredtheinvasionasaviolationofinternationallaw.,18.illusion(n.):anideaoropinionthatiswrong,especiallyaboutyourselfe.g.Usuallyalcoholwillgivesomepeopletheillusionofbeingwittyandconfident.,.WordStudy,.WordStudy,19.crumble(v.):tobreakapartintolotsoflittlepieces,ormakesth.dothise.g.Theredleavescrumbledinmyfingers.,20.vanish(v.):todisappearsuddenly,especiallyinawaythatcannotbeeasilyexplainede.g.Theyoungsoldiervanishedwithoutatraceonedayandhasneverbeenfound.,.WordStudy,.PhrasesandExpressions,1.soakup2.succumbto3.beaccustomedto(doing)sth.4.settlein5.anescapefrom6.beobsessedwith,.PhrasesandExpressions,1.soakup:ifsth.soaksupaliquid,ittakestheliquidintoitself.e.g.Thewaiterusedatoweltosoakupthewateronthetable.2.succumbto:togiveine.g.Succumbingtopressurefromthechemicalindustry,GovernorBlakelyamendedtheregulations.,.PhrasesandExpressions,3.beaccustomedto(doing)sth.:tobefamiliarwithsth.andacceptitasnormale.g.Theseminoritygroupswereaccustomedtoworkingtogetherintheforest.,4.settlein:togotoaplacewherenopeoplehavelivedpermanentlybeforeandstarttolivetheree.g.Thisterritorywassettledinthemid-1850sbyGermanimmigrants.,.PhrasesandExpressions,.PhrasesandExpressions,5.anescapefrom:awayofforgettingaboutabadorboringsituationforashorttimee.g.Mostpeopleenjoyingtravelbecauseitcanbeanescapefromtheroutinedrudgeryoflife.,6.beobs