牛津高中英语模块5-Unit2-Grammar-and-usage

Unit2,THEENVIRONMENT,-ingform,Grammarandusage,Thislessonisboring.Therearesleepingstudentsinclass.,（表语）,（定语）,Functionsasanadjective:,V-ing形式可以同形容词一样置于名词之前修饰名词。,有时V-ing形式也可用副词修饰。,V-ing形式亦可以同定语从句一样置于名词之后修饰名词，可以转化成定语从句。,V-ing形式可以用作表语V-ing形式可以用作宾语补足语。,4.ThemanwhoisrunninginthepictureisLiuXiang.,2.ThemanrunninginthepictureisLiuXiang.,1.arunningman,3.Themanrunningfastestgotthefirstplace.,Attribute:,小结:,V-ing形式作定语可表示动作正在进行（如例1、2）或表示和所修饰词之间有逻辑主动关系（如例3）。,单个V-ing词作定语修饰名词一般置于名词之前（如例1）；V-ing词组修饰名词则置于名词之后（如例2、3），此时相当于一个定语从句（如例4）。,Rewritethefollowingsentenceswithattributiveclauses.TheteacherteachingusEnglishisMsZhou.=TheteacherwhoisteachingusEnglishisMsZhou.,Thepeoplesittingbehindusareallteachers.,=Thepeoplewhoaresittingbehindusareallteachers.,Translatethefollowingphrases.,areadingroom,awashingmachine,anexcitingevening,阅览室,洗衣机,激动人心的夜晚,asleepingcar,asmokingroom,listeningpractice,runningwater,卧铺车,吸烟室,听力练习,自来水,Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.,Inoticedalongqueueoutsidethebankwaitingforittoopen.,ObjectComplement:,Wehavethefireburningallday.,V-ing形式作宾语补足语时，往往同宾语存在逻辑主动关系。,V-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词：,make,let,have,keep,leave,see,watch,hear,notice,find,feel等。,1.Thebottle_(contain)thepoisonwassenttothelaboratory.2.Thenewswas_(shock).Allthethreeboatshadsunkinthestorm.,Practice,containing,Fillintheblankswiththeverbgiveninitsproperform.,shocking,3.Theman_(sit)ontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.4.Thechildren_(play)theviolinovertherewillgiveaperformancenextweek.5.Ourtripwas_(disappoint).Wedidnotfindanyunusualplants.,sitting,playing,disappointing,Functionasanadverb:,V-ing词组可以在句中充当时间、原因、结果、条件等状语。,1.作时间状语-ing短语作时间状语要置于句首。如：Hearingthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.=Whentheyheardthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。,Havingreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowriteback.=AfterIhadreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowriteback.收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。2.作原因状语-ing短语作原因状语置于句首。如：Beingsoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.,=Becausehewassoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.因为太生气了，他不能入睡。HavingbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidntgolastweek.=Because(As)hehadbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidntgolastweek.因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。,3.作条件状语-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：Workinghard,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。Beinggivenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.,=Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.如果对这些树再多注意些，它们可能长得更好。4.作让步状语-ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或句末，常与evenif,though连用。如：,Thoughworkingfrommorningtillnight,hisfatherdidntgetenoughfood.=Althoughhisfatherworkedfrommorningtillnight,hedidntgetenoughfood.虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。,5.作伴随状语置于句首或句末。如：Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.=Theysangandlaughed;theycameintotheclassroom.他们又唱又笑地走进教室。,Whenworkinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.=Whenheworkedinthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.,注意：1.-ing短语与when,while,though,until,if等连词连用时，相当于这些连引导的一个从句。如：,Thoughwillingtoattendtheparty,herefusedtheinvitation.=Thoughhewaswillingtoattendtheparty,herefusedtheinvitation.WhilestayinginBeijing,hecametoseemetwice.=WhilehewasstayinginBeijing,hecametoseemetwice.,Ifplayingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.=Ifyouplayallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.Thoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.=Thoughitwasrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.,2.动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。如：Hetraveledontheplanelikethis,keepingthetortoisehiddeninablanket.=Whenhetraveledontheplanelikethis,hekeptthetortoisehiddeninablanket.,小结:,V-ing有其完成式havingdone,表示分词动作发生于主句动作之前。表示时间状语时常同连词when,whenever,while,once,until等连用。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语同主句的主语一致且有逻辑主动关系，往往可转换为相应的状语从句。V-ing形式的否定not要置于V-ing之前。,1.a.Hearingthenews,tearsrandownherface.b.Hearingthenews,shecriedoutsadly.2.a.Enteringtheclassroom,Ifoundnobodyinit.b.Enteringtheclassroom,nobodywasfoundinit.,Choosethecorrectsentence.,3.a.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,thegardenwasbeautiful.b.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,wesawabeautifulgarden.4.a.Readingtheeveningnewspaper,adogstartedbarking.b.Iwasreadingtheeveningnewspaperwhenadogstartedbarking.,5.a.Beingfine,wewillhavethesportsmeetingnextweek.b.Itbeingfine,wewillhavethesportsmeetingnextweek.,-ing形式的否定式为在其前面加not。如：Hesatthere,notknowingwhattosay.,1.Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thus_thedelay.A.tocauseB.causingC.causedD.cause2.OnebyonePetersoldhisbitsandpieces,_onlyamiteoftheirworth.A.gettingB.gotC.togetD.get,Exercises,3.Afterseeingthemovie,_.A.thebookwasreadbyhimB.thebookmadehimwanttoreaditC.hewantedtoreadthebookD.thereadingofthebookinterestedhim,4.Thenextmorningshefoundthemaninbed,_dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying5.Therewasterriblenoise_thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed,6.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing,7.“Cantyouread?”Marysaid_tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing,8.Heworkeddayandnight,_histaskaheadoftime.A.finishedB.finishingC.finishD.tofinish9.Iwasinthebathroom,not_theknockatthedoor.A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard,10._areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived,11.Whatworriedtheboymostwas_tovisithisfatherinthehospital.A.hisnotallowingB.hisnotbeingallowedC.havingnotbeenallowedD.hisbeingnotallowed,12.Theyapologizedfor_toattendthemeeting.A.theirnotbeingableB.theirbeingnotableC.themnotableD.thembeingablenot,高考链接1.Weallfoundhisargumentconvincingandinteresting.(P28)考点V-ing形式作宾语补足语。考例Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_inthekitchen.（NMET2003）smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked.,点拨选B。he和smoke是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用V-ing形式。该句中的“heisfound”是被动语态，还原成主动语态应该是“findhimsmoking”。,2.Wearemakingbiggerholesinthenets,hopingtoavoidcatchingfishthatarenotfullygrown.(P30)考点V-ing形式作原因状语。相当于一个由because引导的原因状语从句。,考例Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketballs,_thatallchildrenlikethesethings.(2006全国卷III)A.thinkingB.thinkC.tothinkD.thought点拨选A。we与think之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。句子相当于：Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketballs,becausewethinkth