高三语法复习形容词和副词[1]

高三语法复习形容词和副词,形容词和副词是语法填空的必考点，每年都有一致两道题。主要以“用括号中所给词的正确形式填空”的形式考查考生：1.能否根据形容词和副词的基本用法判断该用所给词的形容词形式还是副词形式填空例1(2012年)Maryfelt18_(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.解析：在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，表示“高兴的”，填。,形容词副词,pleased,例2(2011年)Hemustbe20_(mental)disabled.解析：修饰分词形容词作状语，用副词，故填。例3(2010年)Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled34_(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.解析：修饰动词smiled，作状语，用副词形式，故填。,mentally,warmly,例4(2009年)ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather36_(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.解析：在形容词性物主代词后一定是用名词形式，故填。,choice,2.能否根据语境判断用所给形容词或副词的比较级填空。例5(2012年)Itmighthavemadeitalittle21_(hard)foreverybodybecauseitmeanttheyhadtoturnaround解析：作宾补依然是要用形容词，所以词类不用转换，可考虑比较级；句中alittle常用来修饰比较级，表示“更难一点”，故填harder。,harder,1.形容词是作定语、表语、补语的典型词类。因此,在做语法填空时,若句子缺定语、表语或补语,要首先想到用形容词。2.副词在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子。3.形容词和副词的比较等级的常用句型。,解题思路分析：,高考考查：,考点归纳考点一形容词、副词的功能1形容词在句中主要作定语、表语和补足语，但有时也作状语，表示伴随、原因等。如：(1).Wefindtheboyconsiderate.(宾语补足语)(2).Hewalkedinthesnow,coldandhungry.(伴随状语)(3).Afraidofdifficulties,theytooktheeasyroad.(原因状语),考点归纳考点一形容词、副词的功能2副词作状语主要是用作修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语等，还可以修饰句子和连接上下句子顺序。如：(1)HespokeEnglishfairlyfluently.(修饰谓语动词)(2)Fortunately,noneofthemwashurt.(修饰整个句子，作出评论)(3)Hisfirstresponsewastosayno.Later,however,hechangedhismind.(连接性状语),规则1：形容词作状语是形容主语的性质，而副词作状语则修饰动词。如：Hewalkedhomeslowly.他慢慢地步行回家了。Hearrivedhome,hungryandtired.他到家时又累又饿。,规则2：有些副词像fortunately,luckily,surprisingly,honestly,actually,personally等作评注性状语往往修饰整个句子，对整个句子进行说明或解释，表示说话人的态度与看法。通常位于句首，常用逗号与句子开。如：Surprisingly,nooneintheclasscouldworkouttheproblem.Personally,Idontthinkhewillinterviewyou.,考点二形容词的位置1形容词作后置定语的几种情况规则1：当形容词修饰由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词，如something，anything，nothing等时置于不定代词后。如：Isthereanythingnewintodaysnewspaper?今天的报纸上有什么新的东西吗？规则2：当“形容词介词/不定式”构成的短语作定语时置于被修饰名词后。如：Thereisabagfullofriceonhistable.他的桌上有满满一袋米。,规则3：else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。规则4：有些表语形容词作定语时后置，如afraid，alone，awake，asleep，alive，ashamed，worth等。如：Tomwastheonlyboyawakeatthattime.汤姆是那时唯一醒着的男孩。规则5：有些形容词既可位于所修饰的名词之前，也可位于所修饰的名词之后，其意思可能不变，也可能大不相同。如：anearbyschoolaschoolnearby附近的学校；thepresentsituation目前的形势；thepeoplepresent在场的人们。,2多个形容词排序规则：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄与新老，颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。即：限定词(冠词、代词、数词等)描绘性形容词(beautiful,interesting)大小、长短、高低形容词形状、年龄、新旧形容词颜色、国籍、出处、材料形容词用途、类别形容词中心名词。如：abigroundconferencetable一张大的圆会议桌asmallshinyblackleatherhandbag一只小的闪亮的黑色皮包ablueGermansportscar一辆蓝色德国跑车hercharmingsmallroundpinkface她迷人的红润的小圆脸,副词的位置：(1).几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式地点时间。如：WehadagoodtimetogetheroutdoorslastSunday.（2）频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。（3）副词作定语，定语后置。如：Thepersonthereiswaitingforyou.,(3)作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如：Ofalltheboyshecame(the)earliest.(4）以-ly结尾的词性辨析。下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely、daily、weekly、yearly、manly等。,表本意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词：deep深deeply深入地,非常low位置低lowly地位卑微wide宽广widely广泛地high高highly高度地，非常near接近地nearly几乎，差不多有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：dead完全，绝对bedeadasleepdeadly非常bedeadlytired,pretty相当,prettily漂亮地,beprettycertainthatbeprettilydressed,close近,closely密切地,Dontsitclose.Watchclosely!,late晚、迟,lately最近,arrivelate,comelateIhaventseenhimlately(recently).,hard努力，,hardly几乎不,Heworkshard.Hehardlyworks.,1)规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。构成法原级比较级最高级单音节词talltallertallest以e结尾nicenicernicestlargewisewide双写bigbiggerbiggesthotthinfat,形容词与副词的比较级,以辅音+y,改为i，再加er或esteasyeasiereasiestbusyhappynoisyheavyluckylazyangry2)少数双音节词加-erclevercleverercleverestnarrowsimplecommonquietpolite,3)其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more，mostimportantdifficulteasilybusily4)少数单音节词在前面加more，mostpleasedtiredfondglad5)有些词没有比较级rightwrongsurepresentdailydeadwoodenmiddlewesternAsianroundemptyperfectenough,6)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestlatelater/latterlatest,不规则变化,练习,hardusefulfewlittlewellcarefulbighotgreatmanybusyfatexpensivebeautifulimportantdifficulthappygoodlargeoldfasteasilyhighfar,hardusefulfewlittlewellcarefulbighotgreatmanybusyfatexpensivebeautifulimportantdifficulthappygoodlargeoldfasteasilyhighfar,hardusefulfewlittlewellcarefulbighotgreatmanybusyfatexpensivebeautifulimportantdifficulthappygoodlargeoldfasteasilyhighfar,hard,原级比较级最高级,harder,hardest,useful,few,mostuseful,moreuseful,fewer,fewest,little,less,least,well,better,best,careful,morecareful,mostcareful,great,greater,greatest,many,more,most,busy,busier,busiest,fat,fatter,fattest,expensive,moreexpensive,mostexpensive,原级比较级最高级,beautiful,morebeautiful,mostbeautiful,important,moreimportant,mostimportant,difficult,moredifficult,mostdifficult,happy,happier,happiest,good,better,best,large,larger,largest,old,older/elder,oldest/eldest,fast,faster,fastest,easily,moreeasily,mosteasily,high,higher,highest,far,farther/further,farthest/furthest,6.形容词变副词的方式1)多数形容词+lycarefuluselesscurioussilentsurepoliticalsurprisinggeneral2)以-le结尾的,去e加ygentlesimplepossibleprobablereasonableterribleunbelievable,形容词变副词的方式,3)以辅音+y结尾的,改y为i，再加lyangry-angrilybusyeasyluckyheavyhappynoisy4)以-ll结尾的,直接加yfullsmelldull5)特殊情况truewholedryshytrulywhollydrylyshyly,练习,terriblepossiblesimplegreatdeeptrueeasycomfortablepublichappyfullcarefulhighwideclearfortunatehurried,terribly,possibly,simply,greatly,deeply,truly,easily,comfortably,publicly,happily,fully,carefully,highly,widely,clearly,fortunately,hurriedly,willingcarelessfluentrapidsadslowsuddenunexpectedluckypersonlysurprisingheavyconsciousconstantcontinuousconsequent,willingly,carelessly,fluently,rapidly,sadly,slowly,suddenly,unexpectedly,luckily,personally,surprisingly,heavily,consciously,constantly,continuously,consequently,考点三形容词、副词的比较级1比较结构的使用原则：规则1：同级比较要使用：(1)asadj./adv.as；(2)asadj.名词as。规则2：比较级前可用much，far，alot，alittle，abit，rather，even，still，agreatdeal等表示程度，但比较级前不能再用more。如：Shesingsfar/muchbetterthantheothers.她唱得比别人好得多。,规则3：比较级用于否定句中表示最高级的意思。如：Itcantbeworse.不可能再糟糕了。Thereisnogreaterlovethanthatgivenbyparentsintheworld.父母之爱，是世间最伟大的爱。规则4：最高级可用byfar、nearly、bynomeans和序数词等修饰，置于最高级之前。如：Heisthesecondtallestboyinourclass.,2倍数表达法的三种基本句型句型1：Ais倍数as原级asB如：Thistreeisthreetimesastallasthatone.句型2：Ais倍数比较级thanB如：Thedictionaryisexactlyfivetimesmoreexpensivethanthatone.句型3：Ais倍数thesize/length/weight/heightofB如：Thenewlybroadenedsquareisfourtimesthesizeofthepreviousone.,温馨提示用times表示倍数时，一般只限于三倍或三倍以上的数，表示两倍常用twice或double。,3考点结构与句型规则1：“the比较级，the比较级”结构，意为“越，越”。规则2：“比较级and比较级”结构，意为“越来越”，表示程度逐渐变化。如：Ourlifeisgettingbetterandbetter.规则3：AistoBwhatCistoD.意为“A对于B就如C对于D。”如：Enginesaretomachineswhatheartsaretoanimals.发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物。,温馨提示常见的比喻结构还有：asfreeasabird，ashungryasawolf，asstrongasahorse，ascleverasafox，asbusyasabee等等。,规则4：cantbetooadj.cantbeadj.enough无论都不为过，越越如：Youcanneverbecarefulenough.Youcanneverbetoocareful.你无论怎么小心都不为过。,规则5：tooto句型的两个意义(1)表示否定意义，意为“太而不能”。如：Thisquestionistoohardformetounderstand.(2)表示肯定意义，意为“非常，很，极”。当too后面接easy，ready,eager,inclined,willing,thankful,delighted等形容词时，too表示“很，非常”之意，与very表达“很”的意思相同。当too前有all,but,only等词时，形成only/but/alltootodo结构，仍旧表达“非常，很，极”之意。如：Imtoogladtohearthat.我对此感到非常高兴。,规则6：与than有关的考点短语(1)morethan是而不是；与其说不如说如：Thatlittlegirlismoretiredthanhungry.那个小女孩是累了而不是饿了。(与其说那个小女孩饿了，还不如说她累了。)(2)nomorethanonly只不过(言其少)(3)notmorethanatmost不多于，至多(指事实)(4)nolessthanasmuchas和一样多,(5)nofewertha