unit4 rammar(1)

Unit4Grammar,NounClauses(名词性从句),SubjectClause(主语从句),AppositiveClause（同位语从句）,ObjectClause（宾语从句）,PredicativeClause（表语从句）,1.Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.2.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.3.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.4.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,Whatkindofclausesarethey?,同位语从句,主语从句subjectclause,主语从句subjectclause,Grammar,3.Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.,Underlinedthesubject,2.Smokingisbadforyou.,1.Youareastudent.,5.Whatshesaidisnotyetknown.,AsentenceservingassubjectiscalledSubjectClause.,4.Mr.Liisourheadmaster.,Whowillgomakesnodifference.Whichisthebestisnotcertain.Whydinosaursdiedoutisstillunknown.Whenwewillgettogetherhasnotbeendecided.Howshecankeephealthyisasecret.Whetherhewillcomeisnotveryimportant.,Whowillgo,Whichisthebest,Whydinosaursdiedout,Whenwewillgettogether,Howshecankeephealthy,Whetherhewillcome,Findoutthesubjectclauses,判断主语从句的方法？,主语从句（NounClausesastheSubjet）,引导主语从句的连接词有：从属连词:连接代词:连接副词:,that,whether,if;,who,what,which,whatever,whoever;,when,where,how,why,however,whenever.,引导主语从句的关联词有三类：1)从属连词thateg:Thatheisthebeststudentintheclassisobvious.很明显,他是我们班上最优秀的学生。NOTE:从句结构完整；that（充当，不充当）句子成份，（有，无）意义，起连接作用，（可以，不可以）省略。2)从属连词whether/ifeg:Whetherhellcomehereisntclear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。,.,Itwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewouldlastornot.,RealSubject,FormedSubject,Whetherthesolidshapewouldlastornotwasnotclear.,引导主语从句在句首只能用,有it作形式主语的whether/if都可以.,Conclusion:,if,If,whether,3)有时用it作形式主语，将主语从句后置,这样做是为了避免句子头重脚轻。,这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:,常用句型如下：It+be+n.+that从句It+be+adj.+that从句It+be+done+that从句It+be+vi.+that从句,1)Itis+that从句Itisapity/shamethat.遗憾的是Itisasurprisethat令人惊奇的是Itisafactthat是事实Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识*_(很遗憾)welostthematch.*_(这是事实)hecheatedintheexam.,Itisapitythat,Itisafactthat,n.,2)Itis+that从句Itscertainthat肯定Itispossiblethat.很可能Itisunlikelythat.不可能Itisobviousthat很明显Itisnecessaryimportantnaturalstrange.that*_(很可能)shewillcomebacktomorrow.*_(很明显)thismeasureiseffective.,+(should)+do,Itispossiblethat,Itisobviousthat,adj.,3)It+that从句Ithappenedthat.碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起*_(刚好)Icameintotheofficeatthattime.*_(我突然想起)Iforgettosenttheletter.,Ithappenedthat,Itoccurredtomethat,vi.,4)It+be+that从句Itissaidthat.据说Itisknowntoallthat.众所周知Itisreportedthat.据报道Itisbelievedthat.据信;人们相信Itcannotbedeniedthat不可否认Itissuggested/advised/request/required/insistedthat+(should）do.建议*_(建议)we_（eat）morevegetableanddomoreexercise.*Itisinsistedthathe_(send)totheprisonbutheinsistedthathe_(notsteal)themoney.,Itissuggestedthat,done,shouldeat,shouldsend,hadntstolen,3)连接代词who,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,连接副词where,when,how,why。Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.这事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。Whatshedidisnotyetknown.她干了什么尚不清楚。Whoevercomesiswelcome.不论谁来都欢迎。,whoeverandwhatever,whoever=anyonewhowhatever=anythingthatThinkaboutit:whoorwhoever?谁打烂了窗子还不知道，但不管是谁都要赔偿。brokethewindowisunknown,butbrokeitshouldpayforit.,anyonewho,Who,whoever,主语从句三要素,hebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall.,4.Whatyoutoldmeistrue.,谓语动词一般用单数,从句用陈述语序,不能省略关联词,3.How,从属连词that/whether/if不充当句子成分；连接代词和连接副词则充当一定的成分。,1.Thatshewonthegamemadeherveryhappy.,2.Whethershewillcomeisunknown.,【常见错误展示】下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。1.Lighttravelsfasterthansoundiscommonknowledge.2.Ifshescomingornotdoesntmattermuch.,That,Whether,3.Thattheprofessorsaidisofgreatimportance.4.Wherewillthetreesbeplantedhasnotbeendecided.,What,5.Nomatterwhobreakstherulewillbepunished.6.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheldstillremainaquestion.,Whoever,remains,7.Whatwereyourproblemsayearagohasnowbecomemine.8.Itwasrequestedthateveryonemadeaspeechatthemeeting.,have,(should)make,Pickuponenumberandfinishthetaskinit,thenyoucangetsomepoints.,GameTime!,Correctornot?,*Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhaventbeenknownyet.,.beheldhasntbeenknownyet.,Payattention:主语从句的谓语用单数形式,1,thecatdo,made,Whatthecatdidmadethebabycry.,What,cry,Makeasentence,2,1.Thequestionis_thefilmisworthseeing.2._weshallattendthemeetinghasntbeendecidedyet.,用whetherif填空,whether,Whether,3,Translatethesentence,*_(他们很需要帮助)isquiteclear.,Thattheyarebadlyinneedofhelp,4,talkabout,theuseofcellphone,Whattheyaretalkingaboutistheuseofcellphone.,Makeasentence,5,*Ifwewillhaveameetinghasntbeendecidedyet.,Correctornot?,Whetherwewill.decidedyet.,Payattention:放在名词性从句句首，表示“是否”，只能用whether,不能用if,6,Translatethesentence,*Itisknowntous_(马克.吐温怎样成为一位伟大的作家).,howMarkTwainbecameagreatwriter,7,report,getthehighestpoints,matchItisreportedthatYaoMinggotthehighestpointsinthematch.,Makeasentence,8,Correctornot?,Payattention:注意虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用！在Itisnecessaryimportantnatural.that句型中，从句的谓语要用should+do的形式,Itisimportantthatweshouldfinish.,*Itisimportantthatwewillfinishtheworkontime.,9,Correctornot?,Payattention:此主语从句缺少成分-宾语，故用作成分的what来引导，而不用that。,Whatshewantstoknowis.,*Thatshewantstoknowiswhenthepartywillbeheld.,10,Correctornot?,Payattention:由that引导的主语从句放在句首，that不能省略。,Thathewillgiveup,*Hewillgiveuphisjobsurprisesallofus.,11,Translatethesentence,*_（她是否出席会议）isnotcertain.,Whethershewillattendthemeeting,12,1.用that/whether/if/wh