Grammar Focus(3)

Unit8,SectionAGrammarFocus,Review,Translatethephrases.,outsidethewindowhavefunnext-doorneighboratfirstrunawayfeeluneasyhavenoideahavefun(in)doingsth.,在窗外玩得高兴隔壁邻居最初；首先逃跑心神不安一点不知道；没办法做某事很愉快,-Whosevolleyballisthis?-ItmustbeCarlas.Shelovesvolleyball.-Whosebookisthis?-ItmustbeMarys.J.K.Rowlingisherfavoritewriter.-Whosehairbandisthis?-ItcouldbeMeis.,Readthesentencesbelow,payingattentiontothecoloredparts.,-Whosenotebookisthis?-ItmustbeMings.Ithashernameonit.-WhoseFrenchbookisthis?-ItcouldbeCarols.ShestudiesFrench.-Whoseguitaristhis?-ItmightbelongtoAlice.Sheplaystheguitar.-WhoseT-shirtisthis?-ItcantbeJohns.Itistoosmallforhim.,Readmoresentences.,must,cant,couldmight,100%probablytrue,20%-80%possiblytrue,0almostnottrue,表示推测的情态动词在英语中，表示对某件事物的确定程度，即表示推测的时候，我们通常会用到以下情态动词:must,might,could,may,cant,couldnt。,一.can和could的区别和用法1.can表示体力和脑力方面的能力,或根据客观条件能做某种动作的“能力”。CanyouspeakEnglish？can用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的“猜测”或“不肯定”。Canthenewsbetrue？(在日常会话中,can可代替may表示“允许”,may比较正式),2.could是can的过去式,表示过去有过的能力和可能性,还有怀疑和不肯定的意思(在否定和疑问句中)。Shecouldntskatewhenshewasfiveyearsold.（能力）Atthattimewethoughtthestorycouldbetrue.（可能性）could用来提问,是有礼貌的请求Could.Please?语气较为婉转。CouldIspeaktoMr.Smith,please?,二.might和may的区别和用法:1.may的用法:a.表示”允许”或”请求”。MayIcomein？在使用这一用法时需注意:may表示“允许”的否定形式是mustnot,意思是“不应该、不许可”。MayItakethisbookoutofthereadingroom?No,youmustnt.,b.表示说话人的猜测，认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生。Hemayknowtheanswer.c.may用在感叹句中可表示祝愿、愿望。Mayyousucceed.祝你成功。Mayyouhaveapleasantjourney.一路平安。,2.might的用法:a.might可以代替may,表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。MightIofferasuggestion？b.might用来表示现在时间时,还可表示”规劝”。YoumightpaymoreattentiontospokenEnglish.,三.must与haveto的区别haveto比较强调客观需要,must着重说明主观看法，另外haveto能用于更多时态。比较下面的句子：Mybrotherwasseriouslyill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.(客观上需要做这件事)Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.（主观上要做这件事）,有时两者都可以用,意思差别不大。Wemust/havetoleavenow.must在表示说话人对事物的推测时，它比may肯定得多,相当于汉语的“一定”或“准是”。(只有在肯定句中能这样用。)Thismustbeyourroom.,在回答由must引起的问题时,如果是否定的答复，不能用mustnt,而需要用neednt或donthaveto,因为mustnt是“一定不要”的意思，表示禁止。-MustIhandinmyhomeworknow?-No,youneednt.,情态动词表示推测可以分为以下几种情况:情态动词+do此结构表示对现在或将来情况的推测和判断Doyouknowwheresheisnow?IthinkshemighttravelinBeijing.情态动词+bedoing此结构表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况的推测和判断。Atthismoment,myfathercantbeworkingintheoffice.,情态动词+havedone此结构表示对过去情况的推测和判断。Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.情态动词+havebeendoing此结构表示对过去正在进行的情况的推测和判断。Yourmothermusthavebeenlookingforyouatthatmoment.,根据句意,从方框中选择正确的情态动词填空,每项限用一次。should,must,cant,maynot,mustnt1.That_beLucy.ShehasgonetoBeijingonbusiness.2.There_besomethingwrongwithmywatch.Itisntworkingnow.,cant,must,3.He_knowtheanswer,either.Letsaskthatpoliceman.4.You_swimintheriver.Itsdangerous.5.You_lookafteryourparentswhentheybecomeolder.Itsyourduty.,maynot,mustnt,should,用must,might,could或cant填空Thetoycar_beJims.Heistheonlykidatthepicnic.2.ThisMp5_beLindas.Iknowshehasone.3.Themobilephone_belongtoLucyorLily.Theybothhavemobilephones.4.Theman_beMrSmith.HehasgonetoShanghaiandhellbebackinthreedays.,must,could/might,could/might,cant,4aChoosethebestwaytocompleteeachsentenceusingthewordsinbrackets.Thekeys:,mightbe,couldbe,couldbe,canbe,couldbe,A:Manypeoplearewearingcoats.B:Theweathermustbe_.2.A:Sallyhasbeencoughingalot.B:Shemightbe_.3.A:Thisrestaurantisalwayscrowded.B:Thefood_.4.A:WheneverItrytoreadthisbook,Ifeelsleepy.B:Itcant_.,4bCompletetheseresponses.,mightbe,couldbe,couldbe,couldbe,Lookatthetworoomsbelow.Makeguessesabouttheownerofeachroom.,【浙江湖州】Whossinginginthenextroom?It_beher.ShehasgonetoNewYork.A.cantB.mustC.shouldntD.can【解析】考查情态动词表推测。表示否定推测时，用cant，意为“一定不”。must表示推测时，意为“一定”，用于肯定句；根据答语“她已经去了纽约”可知是否定推测，故选A。,中考链接,【2011湖北黄冈】41.WhoseT-shirtisthis?It_beJohns.Its_smallforhim.A.cant;muchtooB.cant;toomuchC.mustnt;muchtooD.mustnt;toomuch【解析】情态动词的用法。根据句意“它不可能是约翰的，对他来说太小了。”故排除C、D，toomuch为“太多”的意思，muchtoo为“太”。故选A。,【2013天津】Whereareyougoingthismonth?We_gotoXiamen,butwerenotsure.A.needntB.mustC.mightD.mustnt【解析】neednt(不必)表建议；must(一定)表猜测的可能性很大；might(可能，也许)表不是很肯定的猜测。mustnt(不允许)表命令。句意：-这个月你们将去哪？-我们或许去厦门，但还不确定。,C,【2013福建泉州】-Haveyoudecidedwheretogoforyoursummervacation?-Notyet.We_gotoQingdao.Itsagoodplaceforvacation.A.mayB.needC.must【解析】句意：-你已经决定到哪里过暑假了吗？-还没有呢，我们也许去青岛，那是个度假的好地方。情态动词表示推测时，may表“可能”，must表“一定”，cant表“不可能”。,A,【2014铜仁】MustIwatertheflowersnow,mum?No,you_.You_doitlater.A.mustnt;mustB.mustnt;mayC.neednt;mayD.neednt;must【2014连云港】_Iknowbywhattimeyouwanttheprojecttobedone?Bythedayaftertomorrow._youfinishitontime?