高一外研版必修三 Module 4Sandtorms in Asia

高一外研版必修三,Module4SandtormsinAsiaGrammar1&2,Grammar1,不定式的用法,不定式的句法功能1.作主语:往往放在谓语动词之后,用it作形式主语。e.g:Toseeistobelieve.Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.,_withhimisagreatpleasure.A.TotalkB.TalkC.TalkedD.Totalking,本题考察动词不定式做主语的情况,动词不定式做主语,谓语动词用单数形式,其他三项都不能用来做主语。本句的意思是:跟他聊天是件很快乐的事。,A,2.作宾语:作宾语时如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式放在补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语。e.g.:Hewantedtogo.IfinditinterestingtostudyEnglish.,Ididnt_ituntilyouhadexplainedhow.A.managetodoB.managedtodoC.managetohavedoneD.managedoing,本句的意思是：直到你解释了如何去做我才能做到成功。manage后面用todo形式作宾语。,A,3.做宾语补足语e.g.:Heaskedmetodotheworkwithhim.在feel,hear,listento,lookat,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to。,Thegovernmentcallsonus_ourproduction.A.IncreasedB.increasingC.IncreaseD.toincrease,本句意思是:政府号召我们增加生产。本题考察动词不定式做宾语补足语,通常用语及物动词和一些动词短语之后。如:wantsbtodo,wishsbtodo,asksbtodo.,D,不定式作宾语补足语省略to的情况有下列口诀：一感二听三让五看半帮助。但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带上toe.g.:Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.,4.作定语Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.当作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时,不定式后面必须有相应的介词。,e.g.：Heislookingforaroomtolivein.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式即可以用主动语态,也可以用被动语态。但含义有所不同。,试比较：Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么东西要（自己）寄吗？Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么东西要（我或别人）寄吗？,Atlast,theyfoundahouse_.A.toleavehisthingswithB.toleavehisthingsinC.leavinghisthingsinD.leavinghisthings,本句的意思是：最后他们终于找到了一间可以存放东西的屋子。当动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式的地点,工具等时,不定式后面应有必要的介词。,B,5.作状语,表示目的,原因,结果或条件。e.g.:IcameheretoseeyouWewereveryexcitedtofindnobodythere.Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.,目的,原因,结果,条件,6.作表语e.g.:Myjobistohelpthepatient.注意：主、表都是不定式,前者为条件,后者为目的或结果。Tolearnalanguageistouseit.,Mychiefpurposeis_thedifficultiesofthematter.A.pointingoutB.tobepointedC.pointedD.topointout,本句的意思是:我的主要目的是指出问题的难处。考查动词不定式做表语的情况。Pointout是“指出”的意思。,D,1.Therearefivepairs_,butImatalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing,Exercises:,B,2.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects,B,3._lateintheafternoon.Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep,A,4.Withalotofproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled,C,5.Herwishis_adoctor.A.becomingB.becomeC.tobecomeD.beingcome,C,2.如果谓语表示的动作发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行,这时要用进行时。e.g:Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.,1.不定式的一般形式所表示的动作通常与谓语的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生,或是在它之后发生。e.g:Isawhimgoout.,不定式的时态和语态,3.如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前,就要用完成时。e.g:Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.,4.当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动形式。e.g:Heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.,1.Tom_whentheyspokeillofhim.A.happenedtobepassedB.happenedtobepassingbyC.happenedpassingbyD.happenedtopassed,Exercise,B,2.Alltheroomsinthehouserequire_.A.beingcleanedB.tocleanC.cleaningD.cleaned,C,3.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_thefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told,B,Formoreexercises,clickhere.,Fillinbalnkswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Itisfrightening_(walk)intheroadinasandstorm.IhopeIwouldreachhomesoon.2.Expertshope_(learn)moreaboutthemovementofsandstorms.,tobewalking,tolearn,Exercises,3.Idlike_(tell)aboutthesituationbeforenow.4.Theworkneeds_(complete)bytheendoftheweek.5.Myfatherwasoutofthecitywhenthesandstormcame.Hewasveryglad_(miss)it.,tohavebeentold,tobecompleted/,tohavemissed,completing,6.Thebuildinghas_(finish)bytheendoftheyear.7._(see)arealsandstormwasveryfrightening.,tobefinished,Tosee,Grammar2,1.不定式在介词but,except,besides,otherthan后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do(非助动词)的各种形式时,那么这些介词后面的不定式不带to,反之则带to。,but+不定式的用法,e.g.:Shecoulddonothingbutcry.Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttowait.Therewasnothingformetodootherthanwaituntilthemeetingwasover.IhadnothingtodobutwatchTV.,2.当句子的谓语动词是cant,canthelp,cantchoose等结构时,but,except,besides后的不定式to也省略。E.g.:Wecantbutadmirehisbravery.Wecantchoosebutwait。SheissuchalovelygirlthatIcanthelpbutloveher.,注意:but作“除了以外”解时,若前面部分有do,did,done时,but之后接dosth.反之,后接todosth.Hecandonothingbutwait.Hewantednothingbuttoplayinthepark.,1.Sandycoulddonothingbut_tohisteacherthathewaswrong.A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmit,Exercises,A,2.-Howdidyouspendyourweekend,Jone?-Ididntfindanythinginterestingforme_somewashingformymother.A.butdidB.butdoC.butdoingD.buttodo,D,3.Thestudentsdidnothingexcept_alldaylong.A.playedB.playingC.playD.toplay,C,Icanthelp/buthopethattheywillsucceed.2.Icanthelpbutthink/tothinkthatitwasamistake.3.Icantchose/choosebutdoit.,Underlinethecorrectanswer.,Hedoesnothingbutcomplaining/complain.5.Icanthelpbuttolove/loveher.6.Theworkersdonothing/notbutdrinkteaandtalktoeachother.,高考链接,(2003年上海卷43小题)Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenordered_clearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissued题意：军方发言人强调说：所有的士兵都接到命令，在开枪射击之前要发出鸣枪警告。本题考查的是ordertodosth的不定式作宾语的用法。句子本身较长，要会分析出句子的大致成分及语法关系，才能正确做出判断。正确答案为B。,B,2.(2003年北京卷21小题)Theteacheraskedus_somuchnoise.A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake题意：老师让我们不要弄出太大噪音。本题考查不定式用法，在动词ask后面不定式作复合宾语。其否定形式是nottodo。常见的这类动词还有tell,order等。选D。,D,3.(2002年全国卷32小题)Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen题意：出国旅游对于老人们来说当然很好，但他们是否喜欢这样的活动还有待观察。句子中it是形式主语，whether引导的句子是真正的主语，remains后应是表语，不定式一般表示将来，根据句意，实际上“whether”是有待于旁人看，所以应选不定式的被动语态作表语。选B。,B,4.(1999年全国高考题)Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesist