高考英语时态语态(课堂PPT)

1,高考英语时态语态的考点,2,时态和语态的主要考点1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从句时态呼应问题。3、持续性动词和终止性动词的用法区别。4、及物动词的被动语态。5、系动词的用法特点。6、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。,3,时态共有四种体（form）:完成体、一般体、进行体和完成进行体。时间(time)也有四种：现在、过去、将来和过去将来。,4,5,16种时态,study/studies,am（is,are）studying,have(has)studied,have(has)beenstudying,studied,was(were)studying,hadstudied,hadbeenstudying,will(shall)study,will(shall)bestudying,will(shall)havestudied,will(shall)havebeenstudying,would(should)study,would(should)bestudying,would(should)havestudied,would(should)havebeenstudying,6,1一般现在时的特点：表惯性动作、表目前状态、表真理或(已故)重要人物的观点、表将来、表传媒或艺术作品的现时性等。Everybodyeats,drinks,andsleepseveryday.(表惯性动作)Thepooroldladyalwaystellsusthesamestoryeverytimeshemeetsus.(表惯性动作)Theoldfolkliveinthedistantarea.(表目前状态)Timeandtidewaitfornoman.(表真理)Illshowyouthepicturethemomentyoucome.(表将来)CaoXueqinistheauthorofthegreatnovel,“TheRedMansion”.（表艺术作品的现时性）Whendothetrainsleave?（表将来）1：I_ping-pongballquitewell,butIhaventhadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play(答案：D)2：TheyhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishbutlittle_theyknowaboutGerman.A.haveB.didC.hadD.do(答案：D),/mn()n/大厦；宅邸,7,2一般过去时的特点：表过去时段的惯性动作、代替过去将来时（在部分状语从句中）、表过去某个时段的状态或动作等。WhenMarywasinEngland,sheoftenwenttotheMuseum.(表过去时段的惯性动作)Hetoldmethattheywouldnotgooutforswimmingifitrainedtomorrow.(代替过去将来时)FatherusedtotellusastoryaftersupperwhenmybrotherandIwereyoung.(强调对比)1：I_younottomovemydictionarynowIcantfindit.A.askedB.askC.wasaskingD.hadasked(答案：A)2：MymindwasntonwhathewassayingsoImafraidI_halfofit.A.wasmissingB.hadmissedC.willmissD.missed(答案：D),8,3现在进行时的特点:表正在发生的动作、表将来、表情绪色彩、表现阶段发生的惯性动作等。频度副词always,constantly,continually和forever等和进行时连用时，给现在或过去的动作披上一层感情色彩，并不强调动作在进行。表示讨厌、不满，带有埋怨情绪，指责某人一贯的行径，如：Heisforeverboasting.他老爱说大话。表示称赞对方一贯表现的，如：Youarealwaysdoingwell.你总是干得很不错。Itsnowrainingoutside.(表正在发生的动作)LiuHuanisgivingapopconcertinBeijingnextmonth.(表将来)Youarealwaysforgettingmyname!(表情绪色彩)Heiswalkingupanddowntheroom.（表现阶段发生的惯性动作）1：Areyoustillbusy?Yes,I_mywork,anditwonttakelong.AjustfinishBamjustfinishingChavejustfinishedDamjustgoingtofinish(答案：B)2：Becausetheshop_,alltheT-shirtsaresoldathalfprice.A.hascloseddownB.closeddownC.isclosingdownD.hadcloseddown(答案：C),9,用于现在完成时的句型1）Itisthefirst/secondtime.that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.注意比较Itstimethat结构：Itishightimethatwewenttoschool.,10,2）Thisisthethat结构，that从句要用现在完成时.ThisisthebestfilmthatIve(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。Thisisthefirsttime(that)Iveheardhimsing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。,11,典型例题(1)-Doyouknowourtownatall?-No,thisisthefirsttimeI_here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming(2)-Haveyou_beentoourtownbefore?-No,itsthefirsttimeI_here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecome注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（对）Ihaventreceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.,B,D,12,4过去进行时的特点:表过去某时刻的正在发生的动作、表过去某阶段正在发生的动作、代替过去将来时、表示对比或原因。Shewasdoingherhomeworkwhenhermothercamehomeafterworkintheevening.(表过去某时刻的正在发生的动作)Hewaswritinganovellastmonth.(表过去某阶段正在发生的动作)Tomsaidthathewasgoingforthepicnicontheriverside.(代替过去将来时)1：WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand_totakeashower.A.hadstartedB.startedC.havestartedD.wasstarting(答案：D)2：Whatswrongwithyourcoat?JustnowwhenIwantedtogetoffthebus,themannexttome_onit.A.satB.hadsatC.hadbeensittingD.wassitting(答案：D),13,5一般将来时的特点：表纯粹将来(一定会做)、表计划将来（打算去做）、表意愿将来（愿意去做）等。SeniorBushwillretirefromhisworknextyear.(表纯粹将来)Thegraduatesaretogobacktocollegenextweek.(表计划将来)Iwillloveyoutilltheendoftime.(表意愿将来)1：-Youveleftthelighton.-Oh,soIhave._andturnitoff.AIllgoBIvegoneCIgoDImgoing(答案：A)2：DidyoutellJuliaabouttheresult?Oh,no,Iforgot.I_hernow.AwillbecallingBwillcallCcallDamtocall(答案：B),14,6现在完成时的特点:表业已发生的动作或存在的状态、在某些状语从句中表将来或将来完成时、用于某些特殊的句型或结构。a)注意标志性时间状语问题（现在完成时的时间状语可分为两种：其一为精确性时间状语：for,inthepast/lastyear,since等；其二为模糊性时间状语:before,now,today,recently,lately,already等等。）b)另外还要注意动词的时间分类问题（瞬间动词和延续动词与时间状语的搭配问题）Mr.SmithhastaughtEnglishfornearlythirtyyears.(表某一动作的延续至说话时止)Dontgetoffthetrainuntilithasstopped.(表将来)ThisisthebestbeerthatIhavedrunk.(特殊结构)ItisthesecondtimethatIhavecometoEngland.(特殊句型),15,1：Thecoffeeiswonderful!ItdoesnttastelikeanythingI_before.AwashavingBhaveChaveeverhadDhadeverhad(答案：C)2:Morepatients_inhospitalthisyearthanlastyear.A.treatedB.havetreatedC.hadbeentreatedD.havebeentreated(答案：D)3:Yearsagowedidntknowthis,butrecentscience_thatpeoplewhodontsleepwellsoongetill.A.showedB.hasshownC.willshowD.isshowing(答案：B),16,7过去完成时:对过去完成时的理解可有两种：过去完成时是现在完成时的过去时，过去完成时是过去时的过去时。过去完成时的标志性时间状语问题：由by引导的时间状语，部分适合现在完成时的时间状语，某些特殊结构（nosoonerthan,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen等）。Hehadreceivedaheavyslapbeforeherealizedwhathadhappened.（过去时的过去时）Theheadmastertoldusthathehadalreadyknowntheaccident.(现在完成时的过去时)1：Hekeptlookingather,wonderingwhetherhe_hersomewhere.A.sawB.hasseenC.seesD.hadseen(答案：D)2：Hewashopingtogoabroadbuthisparents_thattheywontsupporthimunlesshecanborrowmoneyfromthebank.AweredecidingBhavedecidedCdecidedDwilldecide(答案：B),17,8被动语态与时态:在英语中被动，语态共有10种时态，但高考中考查通常只有在完成体和一般体中，进行体的被动形式较少考到，例如，今年全部试题中仅一例。1：Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeople_toeatmorefruitandvegetables.A.persuadeB.willpersuadeC.bepersuadedD.arepersuaded(答案：D)2：Millionsofpoundsworthofdamage_byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.A.hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused(答案：A),18,9被动语态与非谓语动词:被动语态很难成为独立的考点，通常只能和时态或非谓语动词联合考查。因此，讲被动语态不能不提到非谓语动词。从时间的角度讲，-ing形式和ed形式可称为现在分词和过去分词，而从语态的角度讲，-ing形式和ed形式则可称为主动分词和被动分词。被动分词就经常成为考点。被动语态与动词不定式的关系这里从略。1：Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseethenextyear.AcarryoutBcarryingoutCcarriedoutDtocarryout(答案：C)2：TheOlympicGames,_in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying(答案：C)3：_inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose(答案：C),19,10主动的形式表被动的意义:在英语中，有些特殊结构可以是主动的形式表达被动的意义。其一，在动词need,want,require等动词之后，可接-ing形式表被动的意义。Thebicyclerequiresrepairing.(=toberepaired)其二，在句型Itisworthdoing中，-ing形式表被动之意。例如Thisfilmisworthseeing.其三，在形容词easy,hard,difficult,good,nice,pleasant,interesting,fit等之后，其动词不定式主动表被动。例如：Thewaterhereisfittodrink.其四，有些动词的主动形式表被动意义。例如：let,write,wear,run,begin,shut,read,sell,wash,record,open等动词是以不及物而表被动。ThenewbookoftheformerpresidentofAmericaBillClintonsellsverywell.Yourpenreallywritessmoothly.1：-Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?-Oh,excellent.Itsworth_asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread(答案：C),20,11被动语态与部分动词和短语:在英语中，有些动词永无被动语态，而这一点是中国学生最感不能接受的。例如：happen,remain,breakout,takeplace,occur等。另外，几个知觉类的联系动词亦无被动语态，即：look,feel,sound,smell,taste等。Tastingnice,thefruitisfromVietName.(不能用tasted)Afirebrokeoutinthefactorywhereheonceworked.（不用wasbrokenout）12被动的形式表主动的意义：有些动词由于能接反身代词，因此，可用被动形式表主动的意义。此类形式更多地用于非谓语动词的考查中，这里作为应掌握的形式列出。例如：devote,surprise,seat,hide,station,lost,dress等Hewasdevotedtohiswork.LittleFranzsawmanyvillagersseatedatthebackoftheclassroom.,21,4、状语从句中的时态问题高考题点击：1.-CanIjointheclub,Dad?-Youcanwhenyou_abitolder.(94N)A.getB.willgetC.aregettingD.willhavegot,说明：时间状语从句中没有将来时，需用一般现在时替代一般将来时。,A,22,2.Insuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey_.(2001上海)A.havesurvivedB.aretosurviveC.wouldsurviveD.willsurvive,B,说明：条件状语从句中不用将来时，但beto结构不属于将来时态形式。,23,3.HewillhavelearnedEnglishforeightyearsbythetimehe_fromtheuniversitynextyear.(2002上海)A.willgraduateB.willhavegraduatedC.graduatesD.istograduate,说明：bythetime引导的是时间状语从句，故不能使用将来时。D选项虽可考虑，但beto结构大多用来表示“义务、决定、职责、约定”等，与句意不合。,C,24,4.It_longbeforewe_theresultoftheexperiment.(2002上海春季)A.willnotbe,willknowB.is,willknowC.willnotbe,knowD.is,know,C,说明：before引导的是时间状语从句，无将来时，而主句应该用将来时。,25,一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for2years;since从句,sincehecamehere;since+时间点名词,sincelastyear,since5daysago;howlong;foralongtime等。例:Hehaslivedherefor6years.Youcankeepthebookfor5days.Istay